CH.

8: ROLLING CONTACT BEARING

Dr. Abdulazim H. Falah

Rolling Contact Bearing

Also Called antifriction bearing or rolling bearing.

To reduce the friction effect, a rotating shaft should
be always mounted on bearings.

Rolling Contact Bearing

There are two types of bearing:

Rolling

contact bearing: where load is transmitted

through component in rolling without slipping.
Journal bearing (sleeve bearing): in this case the shaft
(journal) is separated from its support by a this film of
oil lubrication (oil or grease).

With rolling bearings, We do not design the

bearing but rather we select a bearing according
to our design requirement

Uses and Characteristics of Rolling

Element Bearing

Rolling element bearings are designed to permit relative motion between two machine parts,
usually a rotating shaft and a fixed frame, while supporting the applied loads. Its startup
torque and operational friction losses are typically much lower than for plain bearings.

Advantages of rolling element bearings

High reliability with minimum maintenance

Minimum lubrication required

Good for low speed operation

Low starting friction and low power loss due to frictional drag

Can readily support radial, thrust, or combined radial and thrust loads

Small axial space required

Nearly universal interchangeability among manufacturers

Can be preloaded to eliminate internal clearance, improve fatigue life, or increase bearing
stiffness

Increase in operational noise level warns of impending failure

Types of Rolling Element Bearings

Rolling element bearings may be broadly classified

as either ball bearings or roller bearings. Within
each of these broad categories there are a host of
geometrical configurations commercially available.
Rolling element bearings are almost universally
standardized by the American Bearing
Manufacturers Association (ABMA), American
National Standards Institute (ANSI), and the
International Standards Organization (ISO).

Bearing Construction

Contact-rolling
bearings usually
consist s of four parts:
An

inner ring
An outer ring
The balls
The cage or separator.

Type of Bearings

Type of Bearings

Ball Bearing

Ball bearings are made in a wide variety

of types and sizes:

Single-row radial ( carry mostly radial

loads, but can also carry axial loads).

Angular contact bearing (Will take both

axial and radial load)

Axial thrust bearing ( When load is

directed entirely along the axis, thrust type
of bearing should be used).

Self-aligning bearing (will take care of

large amount of misalignment).

An increase in radial capacity may be

secured by using rings with deep grooves,
or by employing a double-row radial
bearing.

Various types of ball bearings

ROLLER BEARINGS

Types Roller Bearings

Roller bearing are usually used when

shock and impact are present, or when
large bearing are needed.
Tapered roller bearing can carry a large
axial load. The magnitude depends on
the angularity of the rollers. The radial
load will also produce a thrust
component.
Roller bearing in general can be applied
only where the angular misalignment
caused by shaft deflection is very small
Spherical roller bearing has excellent
load capacity and carry a thrust
component in either direction. high
misalignment

Types of roller Bearings

Ball vs. Roller Bearings

Roller bearings are stiffer and have a higher load capacity that
comparably sized ball bearings. This is due to the type of contact,
line contact for rollers vs. point contact for balls.
Ball bearings have a lower friction. This also is a function of contact
type.
Ball bearings can often be operated at higher speeds.
Most ball bearings can take modest axial load for free. Only
tapered rollers can take axial loads.
Ball bearings are less expensive than roller bearings.

Bearing Life

When a bearing is in operation, contact stresses

occurs on the inner ring, rolling elements and outer
rings.
If the bearing is clean, lubricated, sealed against
dust and operates at reasonable temperature, then
metal fatigue will be the only cause of failure.
Bearing Life: is measure of the number of
revolutions of the inner ring (outer ring is fixed) or
number of hours of use (at standard speed) until
first evidence of fatigue.

Bearing Life

According to ABMA, Rating Life, or minimum

Life, or L10, or B10 or C10 life is the number
of revolution (or hours at fixed speed) that 90% of
a group of bearings will achieve or exceed before
failure criterion develops.
L= life, B = Bearing, and C = Catalogue. Each term
represents the period of time after which 10 % of a
group of bearings fail.

Bearing Dimensions

FIGURE 14.11
Shaft and housing shoulder dimensions.

Bearing Dimensions
Bearing manufacturers catalogues identify bearings by number, give complete
dimensional information, list rated load capacities, and furnish details concerning
mounting, lubrication, and operation
The letter L stands for Light bearing.
L08 means the bearing bore is 5 times the last two digits in symbol i.e. 08 x 5 =
40 mm.

Bearing Dimensions

Bearing Rated Load Capacities

Bearing Rated Load Capacities

Life Requirement

Required bearing life could differ from that given in

a catalogue
It was found that ball bearing life varies inversely
with the third power of the load.
For rolling element bearing, the exponent is
between 3 and 4. (usually 3.5)

Life Requirement

Reliability Requirement

Median life or average life L50 (50% failure and

50% survival) is 5 times L10 (90% survival)
Life adjustment reliabilities greater than 90%
The rated bearing life for any given reliability
(greater than 90 percent) is thus the product, KrLR.
Incorporating this factor into Eq. 14.1 gives

Reliability Requirement

FIGURE 14.13
Reliability factor Kr .

Influence of Axial Loading

If the thrust load Ft is
considered, then pure
radial equivalent load Fe
is used instead of radial
load. For angular contact
ball bearings, contact
angle, , is either 15,
25, or 35o

Shock Loading (Application Factor Ka)

Summary

Useful Table

Example

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