16/06/2015

Lubricating oils treatment for marine use

Lubricating oils treatment for marine use

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Requirement of oils refining process

Lubricating oils are a product of the crude oil refining process. The various properties required of the oil are obtained as a result of blending
and the introduction of additives. The physical and chemical properties of an oil are changed by additives which may act as oxidation
inhibitors, wear reducers, dispersants, detergents, etc. The important lubricant properties will now be examined.
Viscosity is a resistance to flow. A highly viscous fuel will therefore require heating in order to make it flow. Viscosity index is also used,
which is the rate of change of viscosity with temperature. The Total Base Number (TEN) is an indication of the quantity of alkali, i.e. base,
which is available in a lubricating oil to neutralise acids. The acidity of an oil must be monitored to avoid machinery damage and
neutralisation number is used as the unit of measurement. The oxidation resistance of a lubricant can also be measured by neutralisation
number. When excessively oxidised an oil must be discarded.

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The carbon-forming tendency of a lubricating oil must be known, particularly for oils exposed to heat. A carbon residue test is usually
performed to obtain a percentage value.

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The demulsibility of an oil refers to its ability to mix with water and then release the water in a centrifuge. This property is also related to
the tendency to form sludge.

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Corrosion inhibition relates to the oil's ability to protect a surface when water is present in the oil. This is important where oils can be
contaminated by fresh or salt water leaks.

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The modern lubricant must be capable of performing numerous duties. This is achieved through blending and additives. It must prevent
metal-to-metal contact and reduce friction and wear at moving parts. The oil must be stable and not break down or form carbon when
exposed to high temperatures, such as where oil cooling is used. Any contaminants, such as acidic products of combustion, must be
neutralised by alkaline additives; any carbon build up on surfaces must be washed away by detergent additives and held in suspension by a
dispersant additive. The oil must also be able to absorb water and then release it during purification, but meanwhile still protect the metal
parts from corrosion.
The various types of engine and other equipment will have oils developed to meet their particular duties.
Trunk piston engine lubricating oil must lubricate the cylinders as well as the crankcase: some contamination from the products of
combustion will therefore occur, resulting in acidity and carbon deposits. The oil must, in addition to lubricating, neutralise the acids and
absorb the deposits.
Turbine oil, while lubricating the moving parts, must also carry away considerable quantities of heat from the bearings. This calls for a
stable oil which will not break down at high temperatures or form deposits. Where gearbox lubrication is also required certain extreme
pressure (EP) additives will be needed to assist the lubricating film. Contact with water in the form of steam will be inevitable so good
demulsifying properties will be essential.
Slow-speed diesel engines will have separate cylinder and crankcase lubrication systems. The cylinder oil will have to neutralise the acidic
products of combustion and also have good detergent properties to keep the metal, surfaces clean. Crankcase oils are either detergent
type, multi-purpose oils or rust and oxidation inhibited. Good demulsification and anti-corrosive properties are required together with
oxidation resistance which is provided by the inhibited crankcase oil. The detergent or multi-purpose oil is particularly useful where oil
cooling of pistons occurs or where contamination by combustion products is possible.
lubricating oils require treatment before passing to the engine. This will involve storage and heating to allow separation of water present,
coarse and fine filtering to remove solid particles and also centrifuging.
The centrifugal separator is used to separate two liquids, for example oil and water, or a liquid and solids as in contaminated oil.
Separation is speeded up by the use of a centrifuge and can be arranged as a continuous process. Where a centrifuge is arranged to
separate two liquids, it is known as a 'purifier'. Where a centrifuge is arranged to separate impurities and small amounts of water from oil
it is known as a 'clarifier'.
The separation of impurities and water from fuel oil is essential for good combustion. The removal of contaminating impurities from
lubricating oil will reduce engine wear and possible breakdowns. The centrifuging of all but the most pure clean oils is therefore an absolute
necessity.

Related Info:
Lubricating Oil Systems -Lubrication Schedule and Orders
Lubricating oil filters on suction and discharge sides of lub oil pumps
Lubricating oil treatment - Requirement of oils refining process
Lubricating oil centrifuging -Function of lub oil purifiers in diesel engine
Lubricating oil system for a marine diesel engine - Cylinder lubrication & maintaining sump level
Countermeasures against scavange space fires
Power measurement for marine diesel engine - The engine indicator

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16/06/2015

Lubricating oils treatment for marine use

Sea water circulation of coolers for lubricating oil, piston cooling, jacket water, charge air, turbo-charger
Fuel oils treatment for marine use -The refining process for crude oil
Fuel oil separation process
Marine fuel oil treatment - use of filters and strainers
Control of marine exhaust emissions
Marine fuel oil Microbiological infestation
Mixing of heavy fuel oil and marine diesel oil using blenders
Lubricating oil centrifuging for marine use
Fuel oil centrifuging for marine use -Function of purifiers

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