CIVIL ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS 2

(BFC 13903)

NEWTONS LAW OF COOLING

LECTURER NAME : DR AMANI FIRZAH BT MOHD KAMIL

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GROUP MEMBERS
MUHAMMAD FARID BIN MUSTAFA
NURHAFIDZ BIN ABDUL RAHAMAN
AMYRAH SYAHYERAH BINTI KEIRUDIN
NURUL HIKMAH BINTI ARIS
WAN FATIN AFIFAH BINTI WAN MOHD FAUZI
NURUL DIANA SYAKILA BINTI MOHAMAD ROSLI

MATRIC NO.
DF140075
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INTRODUCTION
Temperature difference in any situation results from energy flow into a system or energy flow
from a system to surroundings. The former leads to heating, whereas latter leads to cooling of
an object. Newtons Law of Cooling states that the rate of temperature of the body is
proportional to the difference between the temperature of the body and that of the surrounding
medium. This statement leads to the classic equation of exponential decline over time which
can be applied to many phenomena in science and engineering, including the discharge of a
capacitor and the decay in radioactivity.
The graph drawn between the temperature of the body and time is known as cooling curve.
The slope of the tangent to the curve at any point gives the rate of fall of temperature. We can
say that the temperature of the body approaches that of its surroundings as time goes.

This equation represents Newtons law of cooling.

T ( t )=T s + ( T oT s ) ekt
T(t)
TS
To
k
t

Temperature at time t
Ambient temperature (temp of surroundings)
Temperature of hot object at time 0
Positive constant
Time

QUESTION
The oil is heated to 60oC. It cools to 50oC after 6 minutes. Find the time taken by the oil
to cool from 50oC to 40oC (Surrounding temperature Ts = 25oC)
SOLUTION
Given temperature of oil at 60C T(6) = 50C
T s=25 C
T o=60 C
t=6 minutes

The Newtons Law of cooling formula is given by :

T ( t )=T s + ( T oT s ) ekt
T ( t ) T s kt
=e
T oT s

kt ln =ln

kt=ln

T (t )T s
T oT s

T ( t ) T s
T o T s

Substitute the given value into equation

k ( 6 )=ln

5025
6025

6 k=0.336

k ( t )=ln

T ( t )T s
T oT s

k=

0.336
6

k =0.056

If

Tt

= 45C (average temperature is considered as temperature decreases from 50C to

40C)

The time taken is

0.056 ( t )=ln

k ( t )=ln

4525
6025

0.0056t =0.5596
t=9.993 minutes

T ( t )T s
T oT s

CONCLUSION
To find the time taken of the oil to cool down from 50C to 40C, we use Newtons Law of
Cooling formula :
T ( t )=T s + ( T oT s ) ekt
After finding the value of k, we substitute the value into the equation and got the answer
which is 9.993 minutes was taken of the oil to cool down from 50C to 40C.
REFERENCES

http://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=1&brch=194&sim=354&cnt=1
http://www.ugrad.math.ubc.ca/coursedoc/math100/notes/diffeqs/cool.html
http://www.math.ubc.ca/~cass/courses/m256-7b/heat.pdf

FACTS

The metal core is heated

till 1500oF,
T o=1500 C
It cools to 1120oCF after
60 minutes, T(60) =
1120oC

t = 60 minute

Surrounding temperature,
Ts = 80oC

IDEAS

Using the related formula

Draw the graph
The slope of the tangent

LEARNING ISSUES
1) Set up equation by using all given
information. the Newtons Law of
cooling formula :
T ( t )=T s + ( T oT s ) ekt
T ( t ) T s kt
=e
T oT s

kt ln e=ln

T (t )T s
T oT s

kt=ln

T ( t ) T s
T o T s

2) Subtitute the given value into equation

kt=ln

T ( t ) T s
T o T s

3) Finding the value of k and substitute

the value into the equation to find t.
FILA TABLE