Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Probiotic
Bacteria
Probiotic
Bacteria
edited by
Probiotic
Bacteria
editors
Preben Maegaard
Anna Krenz
Wolfgang Palz
Wind Power
Published by
Pan Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd.
Penthouse Level, Suntec Tower 3
8 Temasek Boulevard
Singapore 038988
Email: editorial@panstanford.com
Web: www.panstanford.com
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through
the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923,
USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher.
ISBN 978-981-4411-62-2 (Hardcover)
ISBN 978-981-4411-63-9 (eBook)
Printed in the USA
Contents
Foreword
Preface
1. Probiotic Bacteria: From Science to Consumers Benefit
Manuela M. Pintado, Ana M. Gomes, and Ana C. Freitas
2. Gastrointestinal Tract: Microflora and Transit Aspects
Ana M. Gomes, Manuela M. Pintado, Ana C. Freitas, and
J. Paulo Sousa e Silva
2.1
Gastrointestinal Physiology
2.1.1 Introduction
2.1.2 GIT pH
2.1.3 Total Residence Time in the GIT
2.1.4 Mouth and Oesophagus
2.1.5 Stomach
2.1.6 Small Intestine
2.1.7 Large Intestine
2.2
Gut Microflora: Human Virtual Organ
2.2.1 Ecological Niches
2.2.2 Physiological Role of Gut Microflora
2.2.2.1 Antagonistic mechanisms:
barrier function
2.2.2.2 Metabolic contribution
2.2.2.3 Immunomodulation
2.2.3 Balance between Detrimental/
Beneficial Gut Microbiota and
Intestinal Disorders
2.3
Selection of Target Organisms
2.3.1 Probiotics and Their Effects Upon Gut
Microbiota
2.3.2 GIT In vitro Models for Selection
2.4
Conclusions
ix
xi
7
7
9
10
10
11
11
12
12
12
15
16
17
21
22
26
26
28
33
vi
Contents
47
47
52
55
55
60
63
66
70
72
75
79
81
83
84
85
95
95
96
96
97
101
114
115
116
128
Contents
4.3
4.4
Nondairy Products
4.3.1 Beverages
4.3.2 Other Products
Conclusions
134
134
144
151
171
171
175
176
178
178
178
194
197
197
198
201
203
205
206
208
209
227
227
230
233
234
236
240
243
243
vii
viii
Contents
7.
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.2.5.2 Gels
6.2.5.3 Eye drops
6.2.5.4 Pellets
Dosage Forms Characterization
Packaging and Storage of Dosage Forms
Containing Probiotics
Conclusions and Future Trends
Index
245
246
246
247
253
254
263
263
264
265
265
266
268
272
272
272
275
277
281
283
283
283
286
287
287
289
290
295
Contents
Foreword
ix
Foreword
Nagendra P. Shah
Professor of Food Science
School of Biological Sciences
The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Contents
Preface
xi
xii
Preface
Preface
xiii