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Two marks:
1. Define thermodynamic system.
A thermodynamic system is defined as a quantity of matter or a region in space,
on which the analysis of the problem is concentrated.
2. Name the different types of system.
1. Closed system (only energy transfer and no mass transfer)
2. Open system (Both energy and mass transfer)
3. Isolated system (No mass and energy transfer)
3. Define thermodynamic equilibrium.
If a system is in Mechanical, Thermal and Chemical Equilibrium then the system
is in thermodynamically equilibrium. (or)
If the system is isolated from its surrounding there will be no change in the
macroscopic property, then the system is said to exist in a state of thermodynamic
equilibrium.
4. What do you mean by quasi-static process?
Equilibrium state
Quasi-static process
Infinite slowness is the characteristic feature of a quasi-static process. A quasistatic process is that a succession of equilibrium states. A quasi-static process is
also called as reversible process.
5. Define Path function.
The work done by a process does not depend upon the end of the process. It
depends on the path of the system follows from state 1 to state 2. Hence work is
called a path function.
V
With reference to the above figure, it is possible to take the system from 1 to 2
along many quasi-static paths such as A, B or C. Since the area under each curve
represents the work for each process, the amount of work involved in each case is
not a function of the end states of the process and it depends on the path of the
system, follows in going from state 1 to state 2. For this reason, work is a path
function and not a property.
15. Explain Mechanical equilibrium.
If the forces are balanced between the system and surroundings are called
Mechanical equilibrium
16. Explain Chemical equilibrium.
If there is no chemical reaction or transfer of matter form one part of the system to
another is called Chemical equilibrium
17. Explain Thermal equilibrium.
If the temperature difference between the system and surroundings is zero then it
is in Thermal equilibrium.
18. Define Zeroth law of Thermodynamics.
When two systems are separately in thermal equilibrium with a third system then
they themselves are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
19. What is perpetual motion machine of first kind?
Six marks
1. Explain various thermodynamic systems with example
.
2. Write short notes on a)Refrigerator b)Heat pump
3.Write short notes on Clausius inequality?
4. What are the important characteristics of entropy?
5.What are the limitations of first law of thermodynamics?
Ten marks
1)
2)
The heat
transfer from the heat engine and from the heat pump is
used to heat the water circulating through the radiators of
building. The efficiency of the heat engine is 27% and COP
of the heat pump is 4. (i) Draw the neat diagram of the
4)
Unit- II
Two marks
1. What are the assumptions made on air standard efficiency?
1. Air is the working fluid and it obeys the perfect gas laws.
2. The engine operates in a closed cycle. The cylinder is filled with constant
amount of working substance and the same fluid is used repeatedly and hence
mass remains constant.
3. The working fluid is homogeneous throughout at all times and no chemical
reaction takes place, inside the cylinder.
4. The compression and expansion processes are assumed to be adiabatic.
5. The values of specific heat (Cp and Cv) of the working fluid remains constant.
6. All processes are internally reversible and no mechanical or frictional losses to
occur throughout the process.
7. Combustion is replaced by heat addition process and exhaust is replaced by
heat rejection process.
2. Define compression ratio.
It is defined as the ratio of the volume of cylinder to the clearance volume.
7. Define cylinder bore : The diameter is known as bore and extreme positions of the
piston in the cylinder are known as top dead centre (TDC) position and bottom dead
centre (BDC) position.
8. Define stroke : The distance through which the piston can travel between the top dead
centre and bottom dead centre positions is known as stroke of the engine.
9. Define Swept Volume : The volume swept by the piston when it moves between top
dead centre and bottom dead centre is known as swept volume or stroke volume and
is denoted by vs.
10. Define explosion ratio : (Pressure ratio or explosion ratio)
v5
v4
v4
v3
v4
v3
The function of push rod and rocker arm in IC engine is to transmit motion of the
cam to the valve.
15. What is scavenging in IC engine?
The process of pushing out of exhaust gases from the cylinder by admitting the
fresh charge into the cylinder is known as scavenging.
Six marks
1) Differentiate spark ignition and compression ignition engine
2) Write short notes on abnormal combustion in IC engines
3) Explain various stages of normal combustion in IC engines
4) Compare two stroke and four stroke engine.
5) Expline the application of IC engine.
Ten marks:
= 1 bar
= 47oC
Find the pressures and temperatures at all salient points. Also find
the air standard efficiency and men effective pressure of the cycle.
4) EXPLAIN THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF FOUR STROKE CYCLE
ENGINES.