Table 4.

1 Determination of
steel ball)
BIG STEEL BALL
Tf = 45o
r1 = 3.77 cm
Left hole
(L)
Ti
T
Y

(Big

TC
T
YC

= 30
sec
Right hole
(R)
TR
T
YR

R
nC
XC

r
nR
XR

Center hole (C)

r
nL
X
L

ave

R
L

)/3

Table 4.2 Determination of

(Small steel ball)
SMALL STEEL BALL
Tf = 45o
r1 = 2.67 cm

Left hole
(L)
Ti
T
Y

TC
T
YC

= 30
sec
Right hole
(R)
TR
T
YR

R
nC
XC

r
nR
XR

Center hole (C)

r
nL
X
L

ave

R
L

)/3

The
objective
of
this
experiment is to examine the
thermal diffusivity of the small
and
big
steel
ball
after
quenching it to the water bath.
Unsteady-state heat transfer
was considered throughout the
experiment. In this state, the
internal resistance is not small
and hence the temperature is
not constant in the right, left

and center part of the solid (See

Table 4.1 and 4.2). Also, a large
temperature
gradient
exists
between the water and the ball,
which draws more heat out of
the ball than if it were simply
exposed to ambient air.
In the experiment, the cooling
process requires transferring
heat from the center of the
object to the surface and the
heat is further transferred away
from the surface by convection
[2].
The thermal diffusivity is a
measure of the ability of a
substance
to
transmit
a
difference
in
temperature;
expressed
as
the
thermal
conductivity divided by the
product of specific heat capacity
and density [1]. The experiment,
calculated
the
thermal
diffusivity by using the GurneyLurie chart.
From the result, the thermal
diffusivity of the balls varies
from the size of the material
because relative position is a
factor in the calculation of
thermal diffusivity. Varying the
distance from the center and varying the
size of the ball changes the value of the
relative position, smaller relative
position
results
to
higher
thermal diffusivity. The small
steel ball transfers heat faster
than the big steel ball because
of its smaller volume.
Table 4.3
Tim
Temperatur
e, s
e reading,
o
C
5
95.9
10
93.8
15
89.7
20
83.6

Time,
s

Temperature
reading, oC

75
80
85
90

55.2
54.1
53.2
52.5

25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70

79.6
76
72.4
68.3
66
63.6
61.1
59.1
57.6
56.3

Table 4.4
Tim
Temperatur
e, s
e reading,
o
C
5
93.9
10
85.9
15
78.8
20
72.4
25
67.5
30
63.4
35
60.3
40
57.8
45
55.8
50
53.1
55
53.2

95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135

51.8
51.3
50.8
50.4
49.7
49.6
49.5
49.3
49.1

Time,
s

Temperature
reading, oC

60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110

53.1
51.4
50.9
51.1
50
49.8
49.8
49.3
49
49.8
49.8

Figure 4.1 Temperature Profile (Big

steel ball)

Figure 4.2 Temperature profile (Small

steel ball)

The
temperature
profiles
generated from both big and
small steel balls have the same
trend (see Fig 4.1 and 4.2). It
shows that as the quenching
time
goes
through,
the
temperature of the steel balls
decreases until it becomes
constant since the steel ball
releases energy. The release of
energy is due to conductive
transfer from the surroundings
[2], in this case, the water bath.
The results also show that the
quenching time is inversely
proportional to the steel ball
temperature. As we can observe
from the data, the smaller ball
achieves
equilibrium
faster
compared to the big steel ball
because it has a higher value of
thermal diffusivity. Materials
having large values of thermal
diffusivity will respond quickly to
changes
in
the
thermal
environment, while materials
with small thermal diffusivity will
respond slowly to changes in
thermal environment [5].