Petroleum Development Oman L.L.C.

DRA Skid at Izki HP project

Document ID

Health Risk Assessment (HRA)

Document Type

Security

Discipline

Restricted

HSE

Document Owner

Month and Year of Issue

Version

Keywords

th

June 7 . 2015

1.0

Occupational Health, Industrial Hygiene, Health hazards,

Document No

Copyright: This document is the property of Petroleum Development Oman, LLC. Neither the whole nor
any part of this document may be disclosed to others or reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form by any means (electronic, mechanical, reprographic recording or otherwise) without
prior written consent of the owner.

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Document Authorisation
Document Owners

Document Custodian

Petrizzo, Jose, MCOH1

Revision History
The following is a brief summary of the four most recent revisions to this document. Details of all revisions
prior to these are held on file by the Document Custodian.

Version
No.

Month & Year

1.0

Authors Name and

Title

Scope / Remarks

Jose F.Petrizzo
Ref. Ind: MCOH1

Linked with SP-1231, 1230 and 1234

User Notes:
1. A controlled copy of the current version of this document is on PDO's live link. Before making reference
to this document, it is the user's responsibility to ensure that any hard copy, or electronic copy, is
current. For assistance, contact the Document Custodian.
2. Users are encouraged to participate in the ongoing improvement of this document by providing
constructive feedback.

Related Business Processes & CMF Documents

Related Business Processes
Code

Business Process (EPBM 4.0)

Parent Document(s)
Doc. No.

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Document Title

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3
Other Related CMF Document(s)
Doc. No.

Document Title

SP-1194

Chemical Management

SP 1230

Medical Examination, Treatment and Facilities

SP-1231

Occupational Health

SP-1232

Public Health

SP-1234

Personal Protective Equipment

PR-1243

Medical Emergency Response

PR-1418

Reporting and investigation of HSE incidents (Incident Notification, Reporting

and Follow-up Procedure Part 1)

PR-2108

Fit testing for Respirator Users

PR-2109

Legionella Management Program

PR-2111

Manual Material Handling

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Table of Contents
0. Introduction to the HRA report _________________________________________________________ 5
1. HRA Scope _________________________________________________________________________ 5
2. HRA Team __________________________________________________________________________ 7
3. Remedial Actions ____________________________________________________________________ 8
4. Health Hazard Inventory and Detailed Risk Appraisals ____________________________________ 10
5. Generic Controls, Recovery Measures and Remedial Actions ______________________________ 29
6. Control statements for Low RAM Hazards ______________________________________________ 30
Appendix 1: Definitions ________________________________________________________________ 19
Appendix 2: Risk Assessment Matrix ____________________________________________________ 22

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0. Introduction to the HRA report

The Health Risk Assessment (HRA) report is used by PDO to process and store health related
information.
The report starts with a description of the scope of the HRA and the persons involved in sections 1
and 2. The remedial actions from the HRA are presented in report section 3, and are sorted by
priority. Section 4 provides information from the detailed appraisals. The focus here is on High and
Medium RAM rated risks. Section 5 provides an overview of generally applicable controls and
recovery measures. Section 6 lists the status of the Low RAM rated risks that were reviewed
during the HRA. The report concludes with definitions and a diagram of the RAM risk matrix in
appendices 1 and 2.

1. HRA Project Scope

Based on the PB15 production forecast numbers, the MOL segment connecting between Nahada
and Mina al Fahal (42 inch Nahada to High Point and 38 inch High Point to Mina al Fahal) is
forecasted to face capacity restrains due to the increase in crude oil and condensate production.
Drag Reduction Agent (DRA) injection has been introduced at Nahada to debottleneck the system
as a short term solution. However, as Oman export blend is becoming heavier and more viscous,
and as total Oman production of crude oil and condensate keep on increasing, DRA injection at
Nahada efficiency will drop accordingly. Therefore, there is a need to study and evaluate the
options of debottlenecking the MOL segment connecting NAH-HP-MAF.
The possibility of minimizing the DRA injection at Nahada by introducing another DRA skid at High
Point was studied. It was founded that DRA loses most of its efficiency due to the on-plan piping
connecting the big traps at High Point.
DRA injection can increase the capacity of the pipeline at a minimum cost. DRA has been
introduced at Nahada to debottleneck the capacity restrains as a short term solution and it has
since been successfully achieving the required drop in the pressure frictional loss. The concerns of
not being able to achieve high overall drag reductions of, i.e. 19% (highest drag reduction requires
in the next 10 years), between Nahada and MAF solely by injecting DRA at Nahada can be
vanished by injecting DRA at High Point. Injecting DRA at both Nahada and High Point is
estimated to cost about $16.6 million in the next 10 years. Therefore, this option has been chosen
as the optimum solution to debottleneck the Nahada-HP-MAF MOL.
Injecting through the pressure transmitter was found to be the most practical option as it has the
lowest cost and risk.
At the present, High Point location lacks basic infrastructure facilities, power and
telecommunication. Both local suppliers Mazoon and Omantel were approached and they showed
no objection to connecting the area with their services. The availability of these two infrastructure
facilities will ease the execution of this project and future projects as well. The availability of
infrastructure facilities suggests relocating High Points pressure transmitters from their current
location 5km upstream High Point to the High Point location. This would improve the accuracy of
the pressure readings. It would also help with monitoring and maintain the transmitters as this a
common area that is supervised regularly.
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2. HRA Team
Responsible for HRA:

Jose Petrizzo, MCOH1 Sr. Industrial Hygienist

Input Provided By:

Ali Harthy, UIC11

Khalid Al Harthy, UIPT24;
John Sweigart, UIPT12;
Aziz Al Rawahi, UIPT332
Aniyan K, HSEA

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3. Remedial Actions
Priority
1

Work Area

Hazard, RAM Rating and Scenario

DRA Skid at Izki HP project

Psychological Hazards and Stress

High

All staff have the potential to experience

isolation from family and friends, especially
those on rotational duty; working on deadlines, pressure owning to the nature of the
work environment is inherent.
1

Manual Handling - Lifting, Lowering,

carrying, pushing, pulling
Awkward Posture of the Shoulder, Neck,
Back (not associated with force)
Kneeling, Squatting, Standing on 1 leg,
Contact Stress on legs due low and high
walking displacement
RAM:

Recommended Remedial Action / Date / Resp.

1. Written procedure/Organization Define challenge
for current operations support for new unit and
study feasibility of a third party contractor
operational/maintenacesupport.
Date: Q1 2016
Responsible: Project Manager

1. Implement all HFE DEPs standards required by

DCAF and HFE Strategies following all remedial
actions stated in Human Factors Engineering
Screening report issued in June 2015.

Date: Q4-2015 to Q2-2016

Responsible: Project Manager

Medium

Operators, Maintenance and Technicians are

required to move materials, open and close
valves and manually manipulate controls.

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9
Priority
2

Work Area
DRA Skid at Izki HP project

Hazard, RAM Rating and Scenario

DRA (polymer)
RAM:

Low

During bulk receiving or substance mixing

Recommended Remedial Action / Date / Resp.

1. Reinforce Chemical safety handling training
2. Site verification is required to finalize the effectiveness
of controls.

Date: Q4-2015
Responsible: Project Manager +MCOH1

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10

4. Health Hazard Inventory and Detailed Risk Appraisals

Work Area/Job

DRA SKID AT IZKI HP PROJECT

Hazard

Crude oil
RAM:

Acute Potential Health

Effects

Medium

Irritant to eyes, skin and respiratory tract. H2S effects: chemical asphyxiant
causing respiratory paralysis, unconsciousness
RAM: 4B
IARC 1 - Human carcinogen, benzene may be present.
RAM: 4C
During routine operations, sampling or maintenance task
Inhalation, Dermal, Splash
Liquid

Chronic Potential Health

Effects
Scenario
Route & Form of
Exposure
Frequency & Duration of
Exposure
Exposure Limit
Exposure Rating &
Justification
ALARP Status
Yes
ALARP Justification
controls in place
Controls
Process design/equipment standards - Good engineering design practice in accordance
with CP117, GU611, SP1127, SP1190. The design of sampling equipment and sampling
points to minimize personal exposure risks.
Hazard identification by signs/warnings/labels - Equipment and lines labeled in
accordance with SP1284, SP1166 and DEP 30 00 60 21.
Recovery Measures
Emergency response procedures - Emergency escape provisions included in facility
design.
Medical Facilities in place, First Aid, Medical Emergency Response Plan
Remedial Actions

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Effectiveness

Effectiveness

Priority

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11

Work Area

DRA SKID AT IZKI HP PROJECT

Hazard

Prochinor DR 200 (Drag reducer additives (DRA))

Non flammable liquid, water soluble, readily biodegradable
RAM:

Low

Acute Potential Health

Mild Irritant to eyes, skin and respiratory tract.
Effects
RAM: 2B
Chronic Potential Health
Not Known.
Effects
RAM:
Scenario
During bulk receiving and substance mixing
Route & Form of
Inhalation, Dermal
Exposure
liquid
Frequency & Duration of
Exposure
Exposure Limit
Exposure Rating &
Justification
ALARP Status
NO
ALARP Justification
Verification of controls required
Controls
Process design/equipment standards - engineering design practice in accordance with
SP-1188. Transfer by pump, mixing by portable mixer.
Safety Manual, Written protocols
Hazard identification by signs/warnings/labels - readily identifiable with labels, SHOC
cards/SDS.
Recovery Measures
Medical Facilities in place, First Aid, Medical Emergency Response Plan
Remedial Actions
1. Reinforce Chemical safety handling training
2. Site verification is required to finalize the effectiveness of controls,
recovery measures and final ALARP conditions mentioned in this HRA.

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Effectiveness

Effectiveness
Priority
2

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12

Work Area

DRA SKID AT IZKI HP PROJECT

Hazard

Manual Handling - Lifting, Lowering, carrying, pushing, pulling

Awkward Posture of the Shoulder, Neck, Back (not associated with force)
Kneeling, Squatting, Standing on 1 leg, Contact Stress on legs due low
and high walking displacement
RAM:

Acute Potential Health

Effects
Chronic Potential Health
Effects
Scenario

Medium

Acute strain or sprain to muscles and joints. Muscular fatigue or discomfort, may
include numbness in the legs. Strain or sprain
RAM: 3C
Chronic musculo-skeletal disorders. Lower body joint disorders
RAM: 3D
Operators, Maintenance and Technicians are required to move materials, open
and close valves and manually manipulate controls.

Route & Form of

Exposure
Frequency & Duration of
Exposure
Exposure Limit
Exposure Rating &
Justification
ALARP Status
NO
ALARP Justification
Implementation of controls and Site review
Controls
Process design/equipment standards - Design include HFE DEP 30 00 60 10. 3D model
reviews carried out for outdoor installations to identify and address ergonomic issues.
Access to valves and sampling points included during HFE screening (part of model
review).
Recovery Measures
Medical Facilities in place, First Aid, Medical Emergency Response Plan
Remedial Actions
1. Implement all HFE DEPs standards required and follow all remedial actions
stated in Human Factors Engineering Screening report issued in April 2015

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Effectiveness

Effectiveness
Priority
1

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13

Work Area/Job

DRA SKID AT IZKI HP PROJECT

Hazard

Infectious and venomous animal bites

RAM:

Acute Potential Health

Effects

Medium

Severe wounds, tetanus, rabies, poisoning, acute renal failure and anaphylactic
shock only for snakes
RAM: 4B
None known
RAM:
During outdoor activities
Dermal

Chronic Potential Health

Effects
Scenario
Route & Form of
Exposure
Frequency & Duration of
Exposure
Exposure Limit
Exposure Rating &
Justification
ALARP Status
Yes
ALARP Justification
No cases (prevalence) in last 6 years. Controls in place
Controls
Written procedure/safe work practice - Written site procedure discourages unauthorized
night outing to minimize chance-meeting of reptiles.
Personal bite prevention - Workers are discouraged from night-time outings when reptiles
are known to be more active.
Vector control measures - Periodic fumigation
PPE-Skin protection: gloves, clothing - Safety booth provided, which minimizes exposed
body parts.
Recovery Measures
Medical Facilities in place, First Aid, Medical Emergency Response Plan
Remedial Actions

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Effectiveness

Effectiveness
Priority

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14

Work Area/Job

DRA SKID AT IZKI HP PROJECT

Hazard

Insect, spiders, scorpions, bees

RAM:

Medium

Acute Potential Health

Irritation, inflammation, poisoning, anaphylactic shock
Effects
RAM: 2D
Chronic Potential Health
Allergic reaction, secondary infection,
Effects
RAM: 3C
Scenario
During outdoors activities
Route & Form of
Dermal
Exposure
Frequency & Duration of
Exposure
Exposure Limit
Exposure Rating &
Justification
ALARP Status
Yes
ALARP Justification
No cases (prevalence) in last 6 years. Controls in place
Controls
Written procedure/safe work practice
Personal bite prevention
Vector control measures - Periodic fumigation
Recovery Measures
Medical Facilities in place, First Aid, Medical Emergency Response Plan
Remedial Actions

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Effectiveness

Effectiveness
Priority

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15

Work Area

DRA SKID AT IZKI HP PROJECT

Hazard

Heat Stress / Hot Temperature Differentials

RAM:

Acute Potential Health

Effects
Chronic Potential Health
Effects
Scenario

Medium

Heat stroke leading to death (lesser symptoms: exhaustion, cramps, rash,

fatigue)
RAM: 4B
Dermatitis
RAM: 2C
Working with BA (breathing apparatus) and confined space entry work presents
an additional risk factor due to the increased metabolic rate due to PPE load.

Route & Form of

Exposure
Frequency & Duration of
Exposure
Exposure Limit
Exposure Rating &
Justification
ALARP Status
Yes
ALARP Justification
Controls in place
Controls
Process design/equipment standards - Design makes provision for separate resting areas
with AC and fresh, cool water supply
Fitness to Work - Medical fitness to work standards has been established for users of BA
sets.
Training and information on hazard - Processes and procedures in place for effective
supervision.
Administrative controls, such as area restrictions and limited schedules - Provisions made
for shaded areas and cool drinking water. Offices with AC are available on plot, for
example the Central Control Room.
Recovery Measures
Medical Facilities in place, First Aid, Medical Emergency Response Plan
Remedial Actions

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Effectiveness

Effectiveness
Priority

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16

Work Area

DRA SKID AT IZKI HP PROJECT

Hazard

Ultra violet light (UV) - wavelength 100 - 400 nm (non-ionizing radiation)

RAM:

Acute Potential Health

Effects

Chronic Potential Health

Effects

Medium

Skin burns, erythema (reddening of the skin) and darkening of the skin.
Photokeratitis (painful condition caused by the inflammation of the cornea of the
eye). Conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva) . Eye disorders with pain
and discomfort ("flash burn", "arc eye")
RAM: 2C
IARC 1 - Human carcinogen (skin cancer). Skin aging. May cause pterygium,
cataracts and macular degeneration
RAM: 4B
All staff is partially exposed to direct sun in hot/humidity weather

Scenario
Route & Form of
Exposure
Frequency & Duration of
Exposure
Exposure Limit
Exposure Rating &
Justification
ALARP Status
Yes
ALARP Justification
Controls in place
Controls
Process design/equipment standards - Plant layout makes provision for sheltered areas to
provide relief from sun exposures.
Recovery Measures
Medical Facilities in place, First Aid, Medical Emergency Response Plan
Remedial Actions
Work Area

DRA SKID AT IZKI HP PROJECT

Hazard

Noise
RAM:

Acute Potential Health

Effects
Chronic Potential Health
Effects
Scenario

Effectiveness
Effective
Priority

Medium

Loud steady noise: temporary threshold shift. Impact noise: rupture of eardrum;
acoustic trauma.
RAM: 2C
Noise induced hearing loss (permanent threshold shift); tinnitus (ringing in ears)
RAM: 2D
All staff working on process facilities have the potential for exposure to plant
noise and equipment (transfer pumps).

Route & Form of

Exposure
Frequency & Duration of
Exposure
Exposure Limit
Exposure Rating &
Justification
ALARP Status
Yes
ALARP Justification
Controls in place
Controls
Process design/equipment standards - Equipment sourced for emissions no greater than
85dB(A)
Recovery Measures
Medical Facilities in place, First Aid, Medical Emergency Response Plan
Remedial Actions

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Effectiveness
Effective

Effectiveness

Effectiveness
Priority

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17

Work Area

DRA SKID AT IZKI HP PROJECT

Hazard

Psychological Hazards and Stress

RAM:

Acute Potential Health

Effects

Chronic Potential Health

Effects
Scenario

High

Stress symptoms like headaches, high blood pressure, sleep disturbance,

irritability, Chest pain, Difficulty breathing, Severe pain, Symptoms of shock
(shallow breathing, rapid or weak pulse, nausea, shivering, pale and moist skin,
mental confusion, and dilated pupils), Fatigue, Nausea/vomiting, Dizziness,
Profuse sweating, Thirst, Visual difficulties, Clenching of jaw, Nonspecific aches
and pains
RAM: 2D
Anxiety, depression, severe gastrointestinal symptoms, heart attack
RAM: 4D
All staff (on and off plot) have the potential to experience isolation from family
and friends, especially those on rotational duty; working on dead-lines, pressure
owning to the nature of the work environment is inherent.

Route & Form of

Exposure
Frequency & Duration of
Exposure
Exposure Limit
Exposure Rating &
Justification
ALARP Status
NO
ALARP Justification
Implementation of controls needed
Controls
Stress - generic organizational controls - Clear organizational structure with adequate
human resources.
Local Control - Good camp, welfare and sport facilities. No overcrowding in facilities or in
accommodations.
Recovery Measures
Stress - generic recovery measures - Employee assistance program (call centre during
office hours).
Remedial Actions
1. Written procedure/Organization Define challenge for current operations
support for new unit and study feasibility of a third party contractor
operational/maintenacesupport.

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Effectiveness

Effectiveness

Priority
1

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18

5. Generic Controls, Recovery Measures and Remedial Actions

Work Area

DRA SKID AT IZKI HP PROJECT

Controls

Effectiveness

Regulations, standards, specifications and procedures to be applied to the project

Implement area isolation
Use standardized equipment and conventional technology
Energy efficiency in equipment & technology
Incorporate Lessons learned
Have experienced resources
Automation of the facilities
Proper training
Recovery Measures

Effectiveness

Recovery from hazardous events, fire & gas detection, fire response, ESD, blowdown,
escape and evacuation
Remedial Actions

Priority

See section 3.

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19

6. Control statements for Low RAM Hazards

Work Area/Job

Hazard

Hydrogen sulphide containing

streams with H2S < 1000 ppm
mole (600 mg/kg) and < 100
ppm vapour space

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CONTROLS NEED
IMPROVEMENT? MORE
DETAILED ASSESSMENT?
No

DRA Polymer

YES SEE DETAILED

APPRAISAL

Indoor climate

No

Visible light (illumination - too

much; too little) - wavelength
400 - 780 nm (non-ionizing
radiation)

No

Extremely Low Frequency

magnetic radiation (ELF) wavelength: > 30 km (nonionizing radiation)

No

Radiowave/Microwave radiation
- wavelength 1 mm - 30 km
(non-ionizing radiation)

No

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20

Appendix 1: Definitions
Acute Health Effect
Health Effect that occurs immediately or a short time (seconds to hours) following exposure, such as heat
stroke, chemical burns and asphyxiation.
Agent
See Hazard
ALARP - As Low As Reasonably Practicable
The point at which the cost (in time, money and effort) of further Risk reduction is grossly disproportionate to
the Risk reduction achieved.
Barrier
A Risk Control or a Recovery Measure. Barriers provide the means of preventing an Event or Incident, or of
mitigating the Consequences. A Barrier can be an item of equipment or a human intervention, and can also
be a Control on an Escalation Factor.
Chronic Health Effect
Health Effect that occurs gradually over a long period of time (months or years), generally following repeated
and prolonged exposure. In specific cases a short term exposure may result in a chronic health effect.
Consequence
An Effect on people, assets, the environment or reputation as a result of a Hazard being released.
Control
A means of preventing an Incident. Controls can be engineering, procedural or behavioural.
Critical Activity
An activity necessary for the development, implementation or maintenance of a Barrier established for
managing Hazards with RAM red Risks.
Effect
The Consequence of the release of a Hazard.
Escalation Factor
A situation, condition or circumstance that may lead to the partial or full failure of a Barrier.
Event
An Incident that occurs when a Hazard is released.
Exposure Limit
The airborne concentration of chemical agents and levels of physical agents to which nearly all workers may
be repeatedly exposed day after day without adverse Effect.
Exposure Rating
The chance of over-exposure to a health hazard when compared against agreed control standards. The
exposure rating is evaluated as Very Low, Low, Medium or High.
Hazard
An agent with the potential to cause harm to people, damage to Assets, or an Impact on the environment or
reputation.
Health Hazard
A factor of a physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic or psychological nature with the potential to cause
harm to the health of people.
HRA - Health Risk Assessment

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21
A process of identifying, evaluating, controlling and managing Health Risks, associated with work to prevent
acute and chronic health Effects.
Incident
An unplanned Event or chain of Events that has, or could have, resulted in injury or illness or damage to
Assets, the environment or reputation.
Likelihood
The probability that a specified Consequence will happen.
OEL Occupational Exposure Limit
The airborne concentration of chemical agents and levels of physical agents to which nearly all workers may
be repeatedly exposed day after day without adverse effect.
RAM - Risk Assessment Matrix
A tool used to assess the Consequences and Risks of Hazards to HSSE. The results are referred to as a
RAM Severity rating and a RAM Risk rating.
Recovery Measure
A Barrier that reduces the Consequences of the release of a Hazard as a result of an Incident. Recovery
Measures can be engineering, procedural or behavioural measures.
Remedial Action Plan
RAP - A Plan to implement corrective action items.
Risk
The combination of the Consequence of a specific Hazard being released and the Likelihood of it happening.
Risk Assessment
The process of identifying the Consequences of the Worst Case Credible Scenario arising from the release
of a Hazard, and estimating the Likelihood of that scenario.
Severity
A level of Consequence on the RAM on a scale of 0 to 5.
TBD
To be determined.

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22

Appendix 2: Risk Assessment Matrix

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