A natural disaster is the consequence of the combination of a natural hazard (a

physical event like a volcanic eruption, typhoon, tropical cyclone, tornado an

earthquake, a landslide or a tsunami) and human activities. See the fact file
below for more information about natural disasters.

Most natural disasters are caused by weather. Weather disasters can be caused by
hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, tsunamis, thunderstorms, wind storms, wildfires,
avalanches, and blizzards.
Some of the weather disasters can be predicted such as hurricanes and blizzards. The
technology is getting better in predicting tornadoes and severe thunderstorms. By
getting the data early people can be warned to take shelter or make the necessary
preparations.

Some natural disasters are caused by volcanoes and earthquakes.

Some wildfires are caused by lightning, but some are caused by people.

Flooding is the worlds most expensive type of natural disaster because the damage
can be so extensive.

Earthquakes are the deadliest of all natural disasters.

Some kinds of disasters are more common in some places than in others. When
people are choosing a place to live they need to consider whether they will live on a
fault line for an earthquake or near a river that has a history of flooding.

There isnt any way to avoid natural disasters, but if people know what kinds of
disasters are most likely where they live, they can learn what to do if a disaster
happens in order to stay safe.

FEMA is an acronym for the Federal Emergency Management Agency. This is the
federal agency that deals with natural disasters across the United States.

Many different agencies such as the Red Cross come to the assistance of people
affected by natural disasters.

A Natural Disaster is a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of

the Earth. examples include floods, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, and
other geologic processes. A natural disaster can cause loss of life or property
damage, and typically leaves some economic damage in its wake,
the severity of which depends on the affected population's resilience, or ability to recover

Types of Natural Disasters

Flood
A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land which is normally
dry. The European Union (EU) Floods Directive defines a flood as a
covering by water of land not normally covered by water. In the sense of
"flowing water", the word may also be applied to the inflow of the tide.
Flooding may occur as an overflow of water from water bodies, such as a
river or lake, in which the water overtops or breaks levees, resulting in
some of that water escaping its usual boundaries. or it may occur due to
an accumulation of rainwater on saturated ground in an areal flood.
While the size of a lake or other body of water will vary with seasonal
changes in precipitation and snow melt, these changes in size are
unlikely to be considered significant unless they flood property or drown
domestic animals.
Floods can also occur in rivers when the flow rate exceeds the capacity
of the river channel, particularly at bends or meanders in the waterway.
Floods often cause damage to homes and businesses if they are in the
natural flood plains of rivers. While riverine flood damage can be
eliminated by moving away from rivers and other bodies of water, people
have traditionally lived and worked by rivers because the land is usually
flat and fertile and because rivers provide easy travel and access to
commerce and industry.
Some floods develop slowly, while others such as flash floods, can
develop in just a few minutes and without visible signs of rain.

Additionally, floods can be local, impacting a neighborhood or

community, or very large, affecting entire river basins

Earthquake
An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the result
of a sudden release of energy in the Earth'scrust that creates seismic
waves. The seismicity, seismism or seismic activity of an area refers to
the frequency, type and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of
time.
Earthquakes are measured using observations from seismometers. The
moment magnitude is the most common scale on which earthquakes
larger than approximately 5 are reported for the entire globe. The more
numerous earthquakes smaller than magnitude 5 reported by national
seismological observatories are measured mostly on the local magnitude
scale, also referred to as the Richter scale. These two scales are
numerically similar over their range of validity. Magnitude 3 or lower
earthquakes are mostly almost imperceptible or weak and magnitude 7
and over potentially cause serious damage over larger areas, depending
on their depth. The largest earthquakes in historic times have been of
magnitude slightly over 9, although there is no limit to the possible
magnitude. The most recent large earthquake of magnitude 9.0 or larger
was a 9.0 magnitude earthquake in Japan in 2011 (as of October 2012),
and it was the largest Japanese earthquake since records began.
Intensity of shaking is measured on the modified Mercalli scale. The
shallower an earthquake, the more damage to structures it causes, all
else being equal.
At the Earth's surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by shaking and
sometimes displacement of the ground. When the epicenter of a large
earthquake is located offshore, the seabed may be displaced sufficiently
to cause a tsunami. Earthquakes can also trigger landslides, and
occasionally volcanic activity.
In its most general sense, the word earthquake is used to describe any
seismic event whether natural or caused by humans that generates
seismic waves. Earthquakes are caused mostly by rupture of geological
faults, but also by other events such as volcanic activity, landslides, mine
blasts, and nuclear tests. An earthquake's point of initial rupture is called

its focus or hypocenter. The epicenter is the point at ground level

directly above the hypocenter.

~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~
Tsunami
Tsunami is a series of water waves caused by the displacement of a large
volume of a body of water, generally an ocean or a large lake.
Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions
(including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier
calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water
all have the potential to generate a tsunami.
Tsunami waves do not resemble normal sea waves, because their
wavelength is far longer. Rather than appearing as a breaking wave, a
tsunami may instead initially resemble a rapidly rising tide, and for this
reason they are often referred to as tidal waves. Tsunamis generally
consist of a series of waves with periods ranging from minutes to hours,
arriving in a so-called "wave train". Wave heights of tens of metres can be
generated by large events. Although the impact of tsunamis is limited to
coastal areas, their destructive power can be enormous and they can
affect entire ocean basins; the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was among
the deadliest natural disasters in human history with over 230,000 people
killed in 14 countries bordering the Indian Ocean.

~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~

Volcano
A volcano is an opening, or rupture, in a planet's surface or crust, which
allows hot magma, volcanic ash and gases to escape from the magma
chamber below the surface.
Volcanoes are generally found where tectonic plates are diverging or
converging. A mid-oceanic ridge, for example the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, has
examples of volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates pulling apart;
the Pacific Ring of Fire has examples of volcanoes caused by convergent
tectonic plates coming together. By contrast, volcanoes are usually not
created where two tectonic plates slide past one another. Volcanoes can
also form where there is stretching and thinning of the Earth's crust in
the interiors of plates, e.g., in the East African Rift, the Wells GrayClearwater volcanic field and the Rio Grande Rift in North America. This
type of volcanism falls under the umbrella of "Plate hypothesis"
volcanism. Volcanism away from plate boundaries has also been
explained as mantle plumes. These so-called "hotspots", for example
Hawaii, are postulated to arise from upwelling diapirs with magma from
the coremantle boundary, 3,000 km deep in the Earth.
Erupting volcanoes can pose many hazards, not only in the immediate
vicinity of the eruption. Volcanic ash can be a threat to aircraft, in
particular those with jet engines where ash particles can be melted by
the high operating temperature; the melted particles then adhere to the
turbine blades and alter their shape, disrupting the operation of the
turbine. Large eruptions can affect temperature as ash and droplets of
sulfuric acid obscure the sun and cool the Earth's lower atmosphere or
troposphere; however, they also absorb heat radiated up from the Earth,
thereby warming the stratosphere. Historically, so-called volcanic winters
have caused catastrophic famines.

~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~