Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Question 1.
Structural formula
Skeletal formula
C6H6
Methylbenzene
Ethylbenzene
Nitrobenzene
1,3-dinitrobenzene
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexene
Page 1
A2 Chemistry Tutorial 1
Empirical Formula
2.
(a)
(ii)
(iii)
(b)
Benzene reacts with chlorine gas in the dark and in the presence of a catalyst
to form chlorobenzene. This is an electrophilic substitution reaction.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(c)
Page 2
A2 Chemistry Tutorial 1
(ii)
(iii)
(d)
(ii)
(iii)
(e)
Benzene reacts with bromine liquid in the dark and with the presence of a
catalyst to form bromobenzene. This is an electrophilic substitution reaction.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
A2 Chemistry Tutorial 1
(f)
(ii)
(iii)
Page 4
A2 Chemistry Tutorial 1
Page 5
A2 Chemistry Tutorial 1
Question 4
Benzene can be converted into chlorobenzene by a chlorination reaction.
(a) State the reagents and conditions necessary to carry out this reaction.
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) What type of reaction mechanism is this?
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) The reaction proceeds via two steps:
Cl
Z+
Y
(i) Draw the structure of the intermediate Y in the box.
(ii) Identify the cation X+..................................................................................................
(iii) Identify the cation Z+..................................................................................................
(iv) Write an equation to show how X+ is produced from the reagents.
...................................................................................................................................[5]
Page 6
A2 Chemistry Tutorial 1
Question 5
Benzene can be converted into methylbenzene by a Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction.
(a) State the reagents and conditions necessary to carry out this reaction.
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) What type of reaction mechanism is this?
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) The reaction proceeds via two steps:
CH3
Z+
Y
(i) Draw the structure of the intermediate Y in the box.
(ii) Identify the cation X+..................................................................................................
(iii) Identify the cation Z+..................................................................................................
(iv) Write an equation to show how X+ is produced from the reagents.
...................................................................................................................................[5]
Page 7
A2 Chemistry Tutorial 1
Question 6
Benzene can be converted into phenylethanone by a Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction.
(a) State the reagents and conditions necessary to carry out this reaction.
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) What type of reaction mechanism is this?
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) The reaction proceeds via two steps:
CH3
C
Z+
Y
(i) Draw the structure of the intermediate Y in the box.
(ii) Identify the cation X+..................................................................................................
(iii) Identify the cation Z+..................................................................................................
(iv) Write an equation to show how X+ is produced from the reagents.
...................................................................................................................................[5]
Page 8
A2 Chemistry Tutorial 1
Question 7
Reaction I
: Methylbenzene 2-Bromomethylbenzene
Reaction II
: Methylbenzene 2-Chloromethylbenzene
Reaction III
: Methylbenzene 2-Nitromethylbenzene
(i)
Structural formula: .1
(ii)
Molecular formula: 1
(iii)
Empirical formula: 1
.1
c) Name the type of organic reaction that occurred in reaction labeled I, II and III.
.1
d) State the appropriate reagent and condition for reaction labeled as:(i)
:..
(ii)
II
:..
(iii)
III
:..
Page 9
A2 Chemistry Tutorial 1
f)
(i)
:1
(ii)
II
:1
(iii)
III
:1
Labelled active species, show the Movement of electrons, Organic intermediate structure and By-product
5
Methylbenzene
2-Bromomethylbenzene By-product
Active
Organic intermediate
Species
Draw and name one other structural isomers of 2-chloromethylbenzene that is also formed
in the monochlorination reaction of reaction II.
2m
Structural formula
Systematic name
Page 10
A2 Chemistry Tutorial 1
Question 8
Reaction I
: Methylbenzene 2-Bromomethylbenzene
Reaction II
: Methylbenzene 2-Chloromethylbenzene
Reaction III
: Methylbenzene 2-Nitromethylbenzene
a) Name the type of organic reaction that occurred in reaction labeled I, II and III.
.1
b) State the appropriate reagent and condition for reaction labeled as:(i)
:..
(ii)
II
:..
(iii)
III
:..
(i)
:1
(ii)
II
:1
(iii)
III
:1
d)
Describe the mechanism of reaction III stating the following clearly:Labelled active species,
show the Movement of electrons, Organic intermediate structure and By-product
5
Methylbenzene
Active
Organic intermediate
Species
2-Bromomethylbenzene By-product
Page 11
A2 Chemistry Tutorial 1
e) Draw and name one other structural isomer that is produced in reaction I and reaction III.
2m
Reaction
Structural
isomer
III
Systematic
name
Question 9
Molecule U
Reaction 1
Molecule X
Reaction 2
Reaction
3
Molecule W
Page 12
A2 Chemistry Tutorial 1
Molecule V
Molecule U :1
(ii)
Molecule V :1
(iii)
Molecule W:1
b) Give the molecular formula(not structural formula) for molecule labelled as:
(i)
Molecule U :1
(ii)
Molecule V :1
(iii)
Molecule W:1
(iv)
Molecule X :1
Reaction 1 :.1
(ii)
Reaction 2:..1
(iii)
Reaction 3:..1
Page 13
A2 Chemistry Tutorial 1
Question 10
..1
..1
..1
Page 14
A2 Chemistry Tutorial 1
d) Based on the reaction shown
(i)
Name the type of reaction
..1
(ii)
..1
..1
..1
Page 15
A2 Chemistry Tutorial 1
..1
..1
..1
Page 16
A2 Chemistry Tutorial 1
..1
..1
Page 17
A2 Chemistry Tutorial 1