CASE STUDY

PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

ANALYSIS OF WATER RESOURCES
IN INDIA
(A STATISTICAL REPORT BY)
(SUBMITTED BY)

11502811 - DEVIREDDY DINESH

11507237 - POLLAI MOHAN KRISHNA
11506754 - PYLA BABU RAO

(SUBMITTED : TO)
Shri . PANKAJ KUMAR KESHRI
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

INRODUCTION
India has an annual average precipitation of 1 170 mm and about 80 percent of the
total area of the country experiences annual rainfall of 750 mm or more Due to the
large spatial and temporal variability in the rainfall

The two main sources of water in India are rainfall and the snowmelt of glaciers in
the Himalayas. Although snow and glaciers are poor producers of freshwater, they
are good distributors as they yield at the time of need, in the hot season. Indeed,
about 80 percent of the flow of rivers in India occurs during the four to five months
of the southwest monsoon season. Several important river systems originate in
upstream countries and then flow to other countries: the Indus River originates in
China and flows to Pakistan; the Ganges-Brahmaputra river system originates
partly in China, Nepal and Bhutan, and flows to Bangladesh; some minor rivers
drain into Myanmar and Bangladesh. However, there are no official records

available regarding the quantum of annual flows into the country or out of the
country

The rivers of India can be classified into the following

four groups:
The Himalayan rivers (Ganges, Brahmaputra, Indus) are formed by melting snow
and glaciers as well as rainfall and therefore have a continuous flow throughout the
year. As these regions receive very heavy rainfall during the monsoon period, the
rivers swell and cause frequent floods.

The rivers of the Deccan plateau (with larger rivers such as Mahanadi, Godavari,
Krishna, Pennar and Cauvery draining into the bay of Bengal in the east, and
Narmadi and Tapi draining into the Arabian sea in the west), making up most of
the southern-central part of the country, are rainfed and fluctuate in volume, many
of them being non-perennial.
The coastal rivers, especially on the west coast south of the Tapi, are short in
length with limited catchment areas, most of them being non-perennial. The rivers
of the inland drainage basin in western Rajasthan in the north-western part of the
country towards the border with Pakistan are ephemeral, drain towards the salt
lakes such as the Sambhar, or are lost in the sands.

For planning purposes, the country is divided into 20 river units, 14 of which are
major river basins, while the remaining 99 river basins have been grouped into 6
river units, as presented in table. The spatial imbalance of distribution of water
resources can be appreciated by the fact that the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna
basin covering 34 percent of the countrys area contributes about 59 percent of the
water resources. The west flowing rivers towards the Indus covering 10 percent of
area contribute 4 percent of the water resources.

The remaining 56
percent of area contributes 37 percent to the runoff The water resources potential
of the country is assessed as the natural runoff of the rivers and is estimated at 1
864.33 km3, of which only 1 089 km3 are considered as utilizable or exploitable in
view of the constraints of topography, uneven distribution of the resource over
space and time, the geological factors and the contemporary technological
knowledge. These 1 089 km3 comprise 690 km3 from surface water and 399 km3
from groundwater . The internal renewable surface water resources (IRSWR) have
been estimated at 1 229.21 km3/year by deducting the inflow from neighbouring
countries (210.2 km3/year from Nepal, 347.02 km3/year from China and 78
km3/year from Bhutan) from the total estimated flow of 1 864.33 km3/year. The
overlap between surface water and groundwater is considered

DATA OF WATER SOURCES BY USING HORSE POWER

STATE
ANDAMAN &
NICOBARS
ANDHRA PRADESH
ARUNACHAL
PRADESH
ASSAM
BIHAR
CHHATISGARH
DADRA & NAGAR
HAVELI
DELHI
GOA
GUJARAT
HARYANA
HIMACHAL PRADESH
JAMMU & KASHMIR
JHARKHAND
KARNATAKA
KERALA
MADHYA PRADESH
MAHARASHTRA
MANIPUR
MEGHALAYA
NAGALAND
ODISHA
PUDUCHERRY
PUNJAB
RAJASTHAN
TAMIL NADU
TRIPURA
UTTAR PRADESH
UTTARAKHAND
WEST BENGAL

0-2 HP

2-4 HP

4-6 HP

6-8 HP

8-10
HP

ABOVE
10 HP

NO
LIFTING
DEVICES TOTAL

76
838

58
2470

460
16907

457
760

15
566

1
2964

505
41

1572
24546

3
6
78
443

0
100
172
2015

0
2607
3509
3115

0
2
24
20

0
5
267
3

27
891
288
1631

0
16
393
20595

30
3627
4731
27822

10
0
44
2019
0
23
11
814
639
2025

246
0
301
136
0
71
2
876
6573
7960

178
67
342
2064
304
81
97
4520
45361
2862

0
1
61
413
0
13
8
8
8443
126

0
28
12
417
0
32
1
241
3077
331

107
9
115
415
0
415
9
116
23875
1368

0
0
35
162
0
3
62
2327
129
355

541
105
910
5626
304
638
190
8902
88097
15027

4043
3723
0
2
0
2691
0
0
107
1068
27
30
209
0

60707
28620
0
2
0
14130
1
0
240
350
304
47
64
6933

94008
82806
0
36
4
11480
10
544
1959
3205
826
833
102
29885

3748
8874
0
0
10
720
0
273
154
313
5
4383
16
824

6067
2508
0
0
3
374
15
1228
1709
86
9
7469
51
425

13119
20610
72
9
0
6657
0
623
784
1791
1268
4203
131
6408

2197
622
0
0
0
13702
0
0
7
186
0
72
71
4278

183889
147763
72
49
17
49754
26
2668
4960
6999
2439
17037
644
48753

This is the table represents water supply by horse power and it is shown
into BARGRAPH, PIEDIAGRAM, and LINE DIAGRAM

200000
150000
0-2 HP
100000

2-4 HP

UTTARAKHAND

TRIPURA

RAJASTHAN

PUDUCHERRY

NAGALAND

MANIPUR

MADHYA PRADESH

KARNATAKA

JAMMU & KASHMIR

HARYANA

GOA

DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI

6-8 HP

BIHAR

ARUNACHAL PRADESH

4-6 HP
ANDAMAN & NICOBARS

50000

8-10 HP
ABOVE 10 HP
NO LIFTING DEVICES
TOTAL

BARGRAPH

200000
180000
160000
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0

0-2 HP
2-4 HP
4-6 HP

UTTARAKHAND

TRIPURA

RAJASTHAN

PUDUCHERRY

NAGALAND

MANIPUR

MADHYA PRADESH

KARNATAKA

JAMMU & KASHMIR

HARYANA

GOA

DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI

BIHAR

ARUNACHAL PRADESH

ANDAMAN & NICOBARS

6-8 HP
8-10 HP
ABOVE 10 HP
NO LIFTING DEVICES
TOTAL

LINE GRAPH
NOTE: The governments supportive policies for agriculture have made subsidies
and credit available to the farmers, Singh 2003. There are strong linkages between

Power pricing, technology use, equity and efficiency in groundwater development.

These have fostered intensive groundwater utilization. A sharp increase in

PIE CHART

0-2 HP
ANDAMAN & NICOBARS
ANDHRA PRADESH
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
ASSAM
BIHAR
CHHATISGARH
DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
DELHI
GOA

The major source of water after river is ground water in INDIA and this water source is
extracted from HORSE POWER MOTORS

The next more important water resources in INDIA is DUGWELLS, CANALS,

LAKES : India has a large groundwater resource but its availability and status
varies substantially from basin to basin, state to state and area to area. 40 percent of
the ground water resource is in the Ganga basin, and most others do not even cross
5percent. Groundwater is found to be a superior source of irrigation compared to
surface water and is associated with better yields, input use and profitability. This
is mainly because it offers better control over water availability and use to the
farmers. Increase in groundwater irrigation is closely associated with a reduction in
the riskand variation in production.

THESE ARE THE SOURCES RELATED AND PRESENT MOSTLY

USED IN INDIA

TILL NOW WE JUST DISCUSSED ABOUT WATER

SOURCES AND NOW WE ARE REPRESENTING
ABOUT A MAJOR PROBLEM IN INDIA WATER
SOURCES WATERPOLLUTION
WATER POLLUTION: Water pollution is a serious problem in
India as almost70 per cent of its surface water resources and a growing
percentage of its groundwater reserves are contaminated by biological,
toxic, organic, and inorganic pollutants .In many cases, these sources
have been rendered unsafe for human consumption as well as for other
activities ,such as irrigation and industrial needs. This shows that
degraded water quality can contribute to water scarcity as it limits its
availability for both human use and for the ecosystem.
In 1995, the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) identified severely
polluted stretches on 18major rivers in India. Not surprisingly, a
majority of these stretches were found in and around large urban areas.
The high incidence of severe contamination near urban areas indicates
that the industrial and domestic sectors contribution to water pollution
is much higher than their relative importance implied in the Indian
economy. Agricultural activities also contribute in terms of overall
impact on water quality. Besides a rapidly depleting groundwater table
in different parts, the country faces another major problem on the
waterfrontgroundwater contaminationa problem which has affected
as many as 19 states, including Delhi. Geogenic contaminants, including
salinity, iron, fluoride, and arsenic have affected groundwater in over
200districts spread across 19 states

BAR GRAPH SHOWING YEAR BY INCREASING WATER POLLUTION IN

INDIA

The data in the given graph shows us about the year wise increasing of
water pollution India it shows us the decreasing of oxygen levels in
water there are many reasons that increases water pollution in India Such
as releasing of INDUSTRIAL WASTES, into water DISPOSAL
WASTES that are easily soluble in water makes water more polluted

CONCLUSION:
NO WATER NO LIFE we have abundant water resources, so using of
water should be efficient and useful and DROP OF WATER represents
there are many more places in the world where people walks for long
distances to fulfill their thirsty so reduce WATER POLLUTION and
SAVE WATER RESOURCES

THANKYOU