ENEE322 & 322H: Midterm #2 Solution

Fall 2015

Name:

Section Number:

PLEASE EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWERS THOROUGHLY!

1. TRUE or FALSE: Explain your answers briefly.
(a) You wrote down your name above. (1 pt)
(b) Suppose that a discrete-time signal x[n] is periodic with fundamental period N = 2. Let ak ,
k Z, denote the Fourier series coefficients of x[n]. Assume that a1 = 1 and x[0] = 1. Then,
a0 = 0. (8 pts)
Ans: True. Recall that x[0] = a0 ej0 + a1 ej0 = a0 + a1 . Since x[0] = a1 = 1, we must have
a0 = 0.
(c) Suppose that the Fourier transform X(j) of a continuous-time signal x(t) exists. Then, the
region of convergence of X(s) cannot be a strip parallel to the j-axis in the s-plane. (8 pts)
Ans: False. For example, if x(t) = e2t u(t) + e2t u(t), the ROC {s C
I | 2 < Re{s} < 2}.
(d) Suppose that we know the discrete-time Fourier transform X(ej ) of a real signal x[n] only for
[, 2]. Then, we can determine the signal x[n] from X(ej ), [, 2]. (8 pts)
Ans: True. First, since X(ej ) is 2-periodic, we know X(ej ) for [, 0]. Second,
Since the signal x[n] is assumed real, we know that X (ej ) = X(ej ) or, equivalently,
X(ej ) = X (ej ). Thus, we can compute X(ej ) for [0, ] by taking X (ej ). Once
1 R
j jn d to
we have X(ej ) for [, ], we can use the expression x[n] = 2
X(e )e
recover the signal in time domain.
2. Consider a discrete-time causal, linear and time-invariant (LTI) system described by a difference
equation
12y[n + 2] + y[n + 1] y[n] = 12x[n + 2] 6x[n + 1].
(a) Find the frequency response of the system and the impulse response of the system. (12 pts)
Ans: From the given difference equation and using the time difference property of discrete-time
Fourier transform,
H(ej ) =

1 21 ej
12(ej )2 6
=
.
12(ej )2 + (ej ) 1
(1 + 31 ej )(1 41 ej )

(b) Determine the output y[n] when the input is x[n] = (n 1)

volution sum. (10 pts)
Ans: First, X(ej ) =

1 j2
e
4
.
(1 21 ej )2

u[n 2] without using con-

Using the convolution property,

1 j2
4e
(1 + 13 ej )(1 14 ej )(1 21 ej )
3 j2
3 j2
28 e
10 e
+
.
(1 41 ej ) (1 12 ej )

Y (ej ) = H(ej )X(ej ) =

=

 n
1

2 j2
35 e
(1 + 13 ej )

Using the time-shifting property and taking the inverse Fourier transform,
2
1

35
3


y(t) =

n2

28

 n2

1
4

3
+
10

 n2 !
1

u[n 2].

3. Consider a continuous-time causal, linear and time-invariant system with frequency response H(j) =
4+j2
, where , IR.
+j 2
(a) Suppose that the output is y(t) = (e3t + et )u(t) when the input is x(t) = e2t u(t) with
zero initial conditions. Find and . (12 pts)
1
1
Ans: First, X(j) = 2+j
and Y (j) = 3+j
+
X(j)H(j), we have

H(j) =

1
1+j

2
.
(3+j4 2 )

Since Y (j) =

Y (j)
4 + 2j
=
.
X(j)
3 + j4 2

Therefore, = 3 and = 4.
(b) Describe a differential equation relating the input x(t) and the output y(t). (8 pts)
Ans: From the given frequency response, we have
((j)2 + 4(j) + 3)Y (j) = (2(j) + 4)X(j).
Thus, using the differentiation in time domain property of continuous-time Fourier transform,
d
d
d2
y(t) + 4 y(t) + 3y(t) = 2 x(t) + 4x(t).
2
dt
dt
dt
(c) Find the response y(t) of the system when the input x(t) is e5t u(t). (12 pts)
Ans: First X(j) =

1
j+5 .

Y (j) =

Thus, using the convolution property,

4 + 2j
1
1/4
1/2
3/4
=
+
+
.
(3 + j)(1 + j) 5 + j
1 + j 3 + j 5 + j

Taking the inverse Fourier transform, we obtain



y(t) =

1 t 1 3t 3 5t
e + e
e
u(t).
4
2
4


4. Consider a system shown in Figure 1. Suppose that G(s) =

1
s1

and F (s) =

6
s+4 .

(a) Find the transfer function H(s) of the causal linear and time-variant system. (10 pts)
Ans: The transfer function of the system is given by
1

G(s)
s1
=
H(s) =
1
6
1 + G(s)F (s)
1 + s1
s+4
s+4
s+4
s+4
=
= 2
=
.
(s 1)(s + 4) + 6
s + 3s + 2
(s + 2)(s + 1)
Since the system is assumed to be causal, the ROC is given by {s C
I | Re{s} > 1}.
2

()

()

()

+_

()
()

Figure 1: A continuous-time LTI system for problem 4.

(b) Determine if the system is stable. (5 pts)
Ans: Because the two poles of the rational transfer function are -1 and -2 and the ROC includes
the j-axis, the system is stable.
(c) Compute the total response of the system y(t) when the input x(t) = e4t u(t) with initial
conditions y(0 ) = 3 and y(0
) = 2. Also, determine the zero-input response due to the
non-zero initial conditions. [Hint: First, find the differential equation that describes the relation
between the input x(t) and the output y(t).] (15 pts)
Ans: In order to find the total response and the zero-input response, we will make use of the uni1
lateral Laplace transform. First, X u (s) = s+4
. Second, the differential equation that describes
the LTI system is
d2
d
d
y(t) + 3 y(t) + 2y(t) = x(t) + 4x(t).
2
dt
dt
dt
Taking the unilateral Laplace transform of both sides of the above differential equation,
(s2 Y u (s) sy(0 ) y(0
)) + 3(sY u (s) y(0 )) + 2Y u (s)
= (sX u (s) x(0 )) + 4X u (s).
Substituting the given initial conditions, this gives us
(s2 + 3s + 2)Y u (s) = (s + 4)X u (s) + (3s + 11).
Substituting the expression for X u (s) and dividing both sides by (s2 + 3s + 2),
s+4
3s + 11
+
(s + 1)(s + 2)(s + 4) (s + 1)(s + 2)
1
3s + 11
=
+
.
(s + 1)(s + 2) (s + 1)(s + 2)

Y u (s) =

The first term on the right-hand side comes from the zero-state response, whereas the second
term is due to the zero-input response. Using the partial fraction expansion,
u

Y (s) =

1
1
+
s+1 s+2

8
5
.
+
s+1 s+2


Taking the inverse Laplace transform, we obtain the total response y(t) = (9et 6e2t )u(t)
and the zero-input response yzi (t) = (8et 5e2t )u(t).