Long

staple
cotton v. short
staple cotton

Short-staple cotton could be grown almost anywhere south of Virginia

and Kentucky--the main requirement was a guarantee of two hundred
frost-free days. Long-staple cotton requires a more semitropical area
such as on the coasts of South Carolina and Georgia.

Tredegar
works

During the American Civil War, the works served as the

primary iron and artillery production facility of the Confederate
States of America.
U.S. state of Virginia Opened in 1837
It was the third-largest iron manufacturer in the United States.

iron

De Bows Review

a widely circulated magazine of "agricultural,

commercial, and industrial progress and resource" in
the American South. It convinced many southerners
to join in secession.

Cavalier image

southerners believed themselves to be based on

traditional values of chivalry, leisure, and elegance

Planter
aristocracy

South seen as a society dominated by great

plantations and wealthy landowning planters because
aristocracy exercised power far beyond their
numbers. Determined much of the political,
economic, and social aspects of life

Preston brooks

1856 Charles Sumner gave a 2 day speech on senate

floor. He denounced the south for crimes against
Kansas and singled out senator Andrew brooks of
south Carolina for extra abuse

The
lady

Their lives centered in the home, where they served

as companions and hostesses for their husbands and
nurturing mothers for their children, but they seldom
engaged in public activities or income- producing
employment.

Crackers

southern

members of a particularly degraded class-lived in

miserable cabins and genuine destitution

Head driver

Trusted and responsible slave acted as foreman under

the overseer.

Task
system/
gang system

Task system slaves were assigned a particular task in

the morning, and after completing the job, they were
free for the rest of the day
Gang system were divided into groups, compelled to
work for as many hours as the overseer considered a
reasonable workday

Household
servants

These slaves had less physical work than field hands.

They were common on big plantations that had lots of
slaves, so some could be field hands and some could
be solely household servants, but smaller plantations
had slaves who did both.

Elizabeth keckley

A slave woman who bought freedom for herself and

her son with proceeds from sewing; she later became
a seamstress, personal servant and companion to
Mary Todd Lincoln in the White House.

Sambo

one extreme of the stereotypes that white society of

slaves; the shuffling grinning, head-scratching,
deferential slave who acted out the role that he
recognized the white world expected of him, but this
pattern of behavior was usually a charade assumed in
the presence of whites.

Gabriel prosser

In 1800, he gathered 1000 rebellious slaves outside of

Richmond; but 2 Africans gave the plot away, and the
Virginia militia stymied the uprising before it could
begin, along with 35 others he was executed.

Nat turner

This slave preacher, on a summer night in 1831, led a

band of African Americans armed with guns and axes
from house to house in Southampton County, Virginia.
They killed sixty white men, women, and children
before being overpowered by the state and federal
troops, in the aftermath more than a hundred blacks
were executed.

Underground
railroad

Some blacks resisted slavery by simply running away,

which was accomplished especially after sympathetic
whites and free blacks began organizing secret
escape routes, to assist them in flight to the North or
Canada.

Slave patrols

Were serious obstacles of the Underground Railroad,

as they stopped wandering blacks on sight
throughout the South, and demanded to see their
travel permits.