PSY 200 Study Guide for Final Exam

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Chapters 3, 4, 10, 13, & 15

Question

A mutation:

Answer

is always harmful to the organism

sometimes confers a survival advantage
is never spontaneous
cannot occur in the genotype

Question

A neurologist believes that Derik may have epilepsy. To confirm

this diagnosis, the neurologist needs to record the overall
electrical activity in Deriks brain. The best way for the
neurologist to obtain this information would be to use:

Answer
an electroencephalogram (EEG)
a computerized tomography scan (CT scan)
positron emission tomography (PET)
brain lesioning

Question

A neurons electrical potential becomes less negative in

response to:

Answer
an excitatory message
an inhibitory message
hyperpolarization
the firing of the axon

Question

A patient objects to the test the doctor has recommended

because it requires ingesting a radioactive chemical, even
though the chemical is harmless. The doctor is recommending
which test?

Answer

an electroencephalogram (EEG)
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
a computerized tomography scan (CT scan)
positron emission tomography (PET)

Question

A possible long-term side-effect of the drug L-Dopa is:

Answer

symptoms of Parkinsons disease

depression
symptoms of schizophrenia
Tourettes syndrome

Question

A resting potential is:

Answer

an electrical signal that travels along the axon of a neuron

the small gap that exists between adjacent neurons
an electrical signal that travels along the dendrites of a neuron
the tiny electrical charge that exists when a neuron is neither
receiving nor sending information

Question

A trait that has been selected for because it increases the

reproductive fitness of the organism is a(n):

Answer

phenotype
transmission
gene

adaptation

Question

A neurons electrical potential becomes more negative in

response to:

Answer
an inhibitory message
an excitatory message
depolarization
the firing of the dendrites

Question

Action potentials:

Answer

are stronger when the incoming stimulation is more intense

are seldom strong enough to reach the terminal buttons
travel more slowly if the incoming stimulation is less intense
are generated in an all-or-none fashion

Question

Afferent nerve pathways:

Answer
carry information toward the brain and spinal cord
activate the nervous system
carry information toward muscles and glands
inhibit the nervous system

Question

After four hours of running in a marathon, Hyacinth was

completely exhausted and every muscle in her legs ached. She
didnt think she could continue, but then she felt a sudden rush
of relief as all her muscle aches seemed to disappear. This
runners high that Hyacinth experienced was most likely the
result of her brain triggering the release of:

Answer

dopamine
endorphins
GABA
acetylcholine

Question

Agonists are drugs that:

Answer

block the action of neurotransmitters

increase the number of excitatory synapses in the brain
increase the number of inhibitory synapses in the brain
mimic the action of neurotransmitters

Question

All babies vocalize with cries and coos in the first few months.
Some psychologists believe that these vocalizations promote
survival because they ensure infants maintain contact with
caregivers. Based on this, evolutionary psychologists would
likely classify infant cries and coos as:

Answer
universal and adaptive
economical and adaptive
universal and economical
economical and random

Question

A strenuous daily exercise program:

Answer

can lead to the early onset of puberty in females

has no effect on the onset of puberty in females
can delay the onset of puberty in females
can prolong the length of puberty in females

Question

A teratogen is:

Answer

a genetic defect that occurs when two recessive genes are

paired at conception
any environmental agent that can do damage to the
developing baby
a fertilized egg that undergoes rapid cell division
any physical defect in an unborn child

Question

A twenty-five year old man refuses to visit his grandmother

who is seriously ill and near death. Which theory best explains
his reluctance to visit?

Answer

the stage theory of death

psychosocial theory
dying trajectory theory
terror management theory

Question

Aaron proudly tells you that he is a big, strong boy, but when
you offer to put ribbons in his hair and let him wear a party
dress, he becomes upset. He tells you he wants to stay a boy
and that if he wears those things he will change into a little
girl. Based on this information, Aaron is most likely:

Answer

less than 1 year old

approximately 2 or 3 years of age
about 5 or 6 years old

growing up in a family where there are no male role models

Question

About what percentage of people over age 65 are afflicted with

dementia?

Answer

1
10
20
30

Question

About what percentage of people over age 80 are afflicted with

dementia?

Answer

1
10
20
30

Question

According to Elisabeth Kbler-Ross, an individual who faces his

or her own impending death would experience which of the
following stages first?

Answer

anger stage
depression stage
denial stage
acceptance stage

Question

According to Elisabeth Kbler-Ross, an individual who faces his

or her own impending death would experience the stages in
which of the following orders?

Answer

denial, anger, bargaining, acceptance, depression

anger, denial, bargaining, acceptance, depression
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
anger, denial, bargaining, depression, acceptance

Question

According to Erikson the psychosocial crisis of autonomy

versus doubt occurs:

Answer

during the first year of life

between the ages of 6 and 12
during the middle adult years
between the ages of 1 and 3

Question

According to Erikson, between the ages of 1 and 3, toddlers

must resolve the psychosocial crisis of:

Answer

intimacy versus isolation

industry versus inferiority
integrity versus despair
autonomy versus doubt

Question

A major contribution of Charles Spearman was the

development of the mathematical technique:

Answer

analysis of variance

analysis of covariance
factor analysis
psychometric analysis

Question

A mathematician has just purchased a book by Charles

Spearman. The book is probably about:

Answer

analysis of variance
analysis of covariance
factor analysis
psychometric analysis

Question

A mathematician has just purchased a set of the first papers

explaining factor analysis. The papers are probably by:

Answer

Howard Gardner
Francis Galton
Charles Spearman
Robert Sternberg

Question

A person with Downs syndrome is likely to have which of the

following?

Answer

an IQ in the normal range

an IQ that is above the normal range
an IQ that is below the normal range
It is impossible to say; IQ scores among those with Downs
syndrome can be normal, higher than average, and lower than
average

Question

A psychologist has just purchased the first papers that claim

intelligence is made-up of both general and specific factors.
The papers are probably by:

Answer

Howard Gardner
Francis Galton
Charles Spearman
Robert Sternberg

Question

A test that actually taps into a particular theoretical construct

is said to have:

Answer

construct validity
predictive validity
content validity
reliability

Question

A test that can be used to accurately estimate future

performance in a given area is said to have high:

Answer
predictive validity
content validity
reliability
construct validity

Question

According to Raymond Cattell, crystallized intelligence refers

to:

Answer

the ability to solve problems, reason and remember

an underlying intelligence factor that applies to all types of test

performance
the ability to understand spatial relationships and think in
three dimensions
acquired knowledge and ability

Question

A statistical procedure that groups together related items on

tests by analyzing the correlation among test scores is:

Answer

analysis of variance
analysis of covariance
factor analysis
psychometric analysis

Question

According to Robert Sternbergs triarchic theory of intelligence,

someone who is efficient at processing information and who
performs well on conventional tests designed to measure
reasoning and logical-mathematical abilities, should score high
in:

Answer

creative intelligence
practical intelligence
all three areas of intelligence
analytic intelligence

Question

A House of Representatives committee quickly reached a

consensus that some generally minor changes needed to be

made to the immigration laws. After a lengthy, well-balanced

discussion, they produced a quite radical bill that would almost
stop immigration completely. Their decision appears to be an
example of:
Answer

groupthink
group polarization
social facilitation
normative social influence

Question

A comedian walks on stage, looks very serious, and starts to

destroy large melons with a sledgehammer. At first, no one in
the audience is sure what to do, and the entire auditorium is
quiet. After a few minutes, however, several people at the back
of the room start to laugh. Other people soon join in, and soon
the entire audience is laughing loudly as the comedian
continues to destroy various types of fruit. This is an example
of:

Answer
conformity
obedience
cognitive dissonance
social interference

Question

A man always says he has no problem with individuals who are

homosexual, but when his sons gay friend comes over for
dinner, the man finds some reason to be somewhere else
without realizing what hes doing. The man is exhibiting:

Answer

implicit formation
explicit formation
implicit prejudice
explicit prejudice

Question

A person who is in a bad mood is:

Answer

less likely to show the self-serving bias

more likely to make the fundamental attribution error
less likely to make the fundamental attribution error
less likely to initiate a self-fulfilling prophecy

Question

A person who is in a good mood is:

Answer

less likely to show the self-serving bias

more likely to make the fundamental attribution error
less likely to make the fundamental attribution error
less likely to initiate a self-fulfilling prophecy

Question

A person working with others who are close acquaintances is:

Answer

less likely to show the self-serving bias

more likely to show the self-serving bias
more likely to make the fundamental attribution error
less likely to initiate a self-fulfilling prophecy

Question

A person working with others who are strangers is:

Answer

less likely to show the self-serving bias

more likely to show the self-serving bias
more likely to make the fundamental attribution error

less likely to initiate a self-fulfilling prophecy

Question

A positive or negative belief about something is referred to as

a(n):

Answer

prejudice
discrimination
attitude
percept

Question

A number of studies have found there is:

Answer

a strong negative correlation between the amount of empathy

the therapist establishes and the overall effectiveness of
treatment
a strong positive correlation between the amount of empathy
the therapist establishes and the overall effectiveness of
treatment
a weak positive correlation between the amount of empathy
the therapist establishes and the overall effectiveness of
treatment
no correlation between the amount of empathy the therapist
establishes and the overall effectiveness of treatment

Question

A prefrontal lobotomy involves separation of:

Answer

the cerebral cortex from the midbrain and hindbrain

the two hemispheres of the brain by cutting the corpus

callosum
the parietal lobe from the temporal lobe
the frontal lobes from the rest of the brain

Question

A therapist displays empathy in interactions with a client when

he or she:

Answer
understands and accepts what the client is feeling
expresses his or her true feelings in an open and honest way
is totally accepting and respectful of the client at all times
challenges irrational beliefs directly through open confrontation

Question

A therapist displays genuineness in interactions with a client

when he or she:

Answer

is totally accepting and respectful of the client at all times

understands and accepts what the client is feeling
expresses his or her true feelings in an open and honest way
challenges irrational beliefs directly through open confrontation

Question

A therapist exhibits unconditional positive regard in

interactions with a client when he or she:

Answer

expresses his or her true feelings in an open and honest way

is totally accepting and respectful of the client at all times
understands and accepts what the client is feeling

challenges irrational beliefs directly through open confrontation

Question

A therapist who is willing to pick and choose from among a

variety of treatment options has:

Answer
an eclectic approach to psychotherapy
a humanistic approach to psychotherapy
a rational-emotive approach to psychotherapy
a non-motivational approach to psychotherapy

Question

A woman has a psychological disorder and is being treated

using clozapine. She most likely suffers:

Answer

bipolar disorder
schizophrenia
obsessive-compulsive disorder
depression

Question

Albert Ellis developed:

Answer

client-centered therapy
existential therapy
rational-emotive therapy
aversive therapy

Question

Ali is recovering from a cingulotomy. The outcome that might

be expected is a reduction of:

Answer

the ability to plan and coordinate actions

obsessive-compulsive behavior
hallucinations and delusions
the manic periods in bipolar disorder