CONFIDENTIAL

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

PULAU PINANG

TOTAL MARK
(100 %)

Group Project
Solid Waste Management
Universiti Teknologi MARA Pulau Pinang
Study Area
Group
EC221
Submission Date
17 December 2015
At the end of this task, students should be able to:
CO1 Explain the principles of environmental infrastructure, solid waste and
landfill management.
PO7 Ability to understand the impact of civil engineering practices in societal and
environmental contexts and demonstrate knowledge of and need for
sustainable development.
TASK
2.1(a)
2.1(b)
2.1(c)
2.1(d)
2.2(a)
3.1
3.2(a)
3.2(b)
3.3(a)
3.3(b)
3.3(c)
3.3(d)
3.4(a)
3.4(b)
3.5
3.6(a)
3.6(b)
3.6(c)
3.6(d)
3.6(e)
3.6(f)
3.6(g)

PROPERTIES OF SOLID
WASTE
WASTE GENERATION
STORAGE

COLLECTION
PROCESSING &
RECOVERY
TRANSFER & TRANSPORT

DISPOSAL

TOTAL
C1-C2 12%

CO1PO7
10%
3%
3%
3%
3%
9%
3%
3%
3%
8%
4%
5%
5%
5%
5%
4%
6%
4%
3%
3%
5%
3%

MARKS

C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6

100%

C3-C4 68%

COG. LEVEL
C3-C4
C3-C4
C3-C4
C3-C4
C3-C4
C3-C4
C1-C2
C1-C2
C1-C2
C3-C4
C3-C4
C5-C6
C5-C6
C5-C6
C5-C6
C3-C4
C3-C4
C3-C4
C3-C4
C3-C4
C3-C4
C1-C2

C5-C6 20%

KNOWLEDGE
COMPREHENSION
APPLICATION
-ANALYSIS
-SYNTHESIS
-EVALUATION

GROUP PROJECT

Faculty of Civil Engineering

EC 221 Bachelor in Engineering (Hons) Civil (Infrastructure)
CEW543 Environmental Infrastructure Engineering
Semester September 2015 January 2016

1.

Introduction

1.1

General Instruction to Students

1. Submit only one collective report from each group which compile all the assigned task.
2. Each group is required to appoint a group leader who manages the assigned task and
the suggested subgroups members.
3. Compilation of Report
(a) Formatting: Arial , Size ; 11 or Times New Romans, Size: 12; 1.5 spacing
(b) Report can be supported with related photos, document, etc.
(c) Report should be well organized.

4. The study are based on the following.

(a) EC2218A - Kolej Delima
(b) EC2218B - Kolej Intan
(c) EC2218C - Kolej Kristal
(d) EC2218D - Kolej Nilam
(e) EC2218E - Kolej Baiduri
(f) EC2219A - Kolej Zamrud

1.2

Study Area

Universiti Teknologi MARA Pulau Pinang has been selected as the study area for this project. Solid
waste sampling will only be collected from students colleges in UiTMPP.

Figure 1: Study area - Universiti Teknologi MARA, Permatang Pauh, Pulau Pinang

2.
Properties of Solid Waste (Group 1)
Information on the properties of solid wastes is important in evaluating alternative equipment
needs, systems and management programs and plans, especially with respect to the
implementation of disposal and resource and energy-recovery options.
2.1.

Physical Composition

Students are required to gather the information and obtain data on the physical composition of solid
waste from the assigned study area.
TASK

DESCRIPTION

MARKS

Task 2.1(a)
Identification of the
individual components
that make up municipal
solid wastes

Students are required to collect 2 kg of solid waste from

selected floor in the students college. Refer to the
sampling procedure given in the Appendix (A1). Set a
computation table (Table A1) to present your results of the
collected and sorted individual components of solid waste.

10 marks
(C3 C4)

Task 2.1(b)
Analysis of Particle
Size

Using the data in Task 2.1(a), determine the particle size

referring to Figure A1 and A2.

3 marks
(C3-C4)

Task 2.1(c)
Moisture Content

Using the data in Task 2.1(a) and Table A2 determine the

moisture content of the solid waste using the equation
given below:a-b
Moisture Content % =
100
a

3 marks
(C3-C4)

where, a = initial mass of sample as delivered

b = mass of sample after drying
Task 2.1(d)
Density

Using the data in Task 2.1(a) and Table A3, determine the
density of the solid waste using the equation given below:Density =

Total weight (kg)

Volume (m3 )

3 marks
(C3-C4)

2.2.

Chemical Composition

Students are required to gather the information and obtain data on the chemical composition of
solid waste from the assigned study area.
TASK

DESCRIPTION

Task 2.2
Energy Content

Using the data in Task 2.1(a) and Table A4, determine the
energy content of the solid waste using the equation given
below:100
kJ/kg (dry basis) = kJ/kg (as discarded)
100 % moisture
or
kJ/kg (ash-free dry basis) =
100
kJ/kg (as discarded)
100 - %ash - % moisture

MARKS

3 marks
(C3 C4)

3.

Elements of Solid Waste Management System

The project will involve activities in managing solid wastes from the point of generation to final
disposal which are grouped into six functional elements as shown in Figure 2.
Waste Generation

Storage

Collection

Transfer &
Transport

Processing &
Recovery

Disposal

Figure 2: Interrelationship of functional elements comprising a solid waste management

system

3.1

Waste Generation (Group 2)

TASK

DESCRIPTION

Task 3.1
Waste Generation

Obtain data on the solid waste generation rates of assigned

study area.
Information needed to determine the generation of wastes;(a) Number of students and staff in the hostel
(b) Weight of wastes generated per capita/room/
floor/block/hostel (kg)
(c) Volume of wastes generated - use data from Task
2.1(d)

MARKS

9 marks
(C3 C4)

3.2

Storage (Group 3)

TASK

DESCRIPTION

Task 3.2(a)
Onsite
Handling
Separation

&

Task 3.2(b)
Onsite Storage (Types,
Location,
Collection
Frequency)

3.3

MARKS

Describe the activities associated with the handling and

separation of solid waste before the wastes are placed in
the containers used for storage before collection in your
study area.

3 marks
(C1 C2)

Describe the types of storage (capacity), storage collection

and the collection frequency in your study area. Include the
people/authorities who are involved with the collection of
waste starting from where the waste are being generated.

3 marks
(C1 C2)

Collection (Group 4)

TASK

DESCRIPTION

Task 3.3(a)
Methods of Collection

Identify the types of services and equipment (manual or

mechanical) used for the collection of waste in your study
area.

Task 3.3(b)
Types of Collection
System

Identify the type of solid waste collection system that are

used in UiTM Pulau Pinang. Obtain the data on the times
required for the various activities associated with the
collection of solid waste in UiTM Pulau Pinang.

8 marks
(C3 C4)

Task 3.3(c)
Collection Route

Sketch the layout collection routes for UiTM Pulau Pinang

based on the information below.
(a) Collection system - Task 3.3(a)
(b) Container size Task 3.2(b)
(c) Collection frequency Task 3.2(b)
(d) Collection vehicle capacity (based on survey)

4 marks
(C3 C4)

Assess the collection area of your study area. Discuss the

major problem of the collection system that you can
conclude from your assessment.

5 marks
(C5 C6)

Task 3.3(d)
Problems Associated
with Collection

MARKS
3 marks
(C1-C2)

3.4

Processing and Recovery (Group 5)

TASK

DESCRIPTION

Task 3.4(a)
Processing & Recovery
(Reduce)

Assess what is being done in UiTM to reduce the quantities

of solid wastes collected for disposal. Have these efforts
reduced the quantity of solid wastes generated?

5 marks
(C5 C6)

Task 3.4(b)
Processing & Recovery
(Recycle & Reuse)

Assess and discuss what is being done by the students and

staffs in UiTMPP to encourage the recycle and reuse of
materials?

5 marks
(C5 C6)

3.5

Transfer and Transport (Group 6)

TASK

DESCRIPTION

Task 3.5
Transfer & Transport

Once collected, how are wastes from your study area

transported to treatment or disposal facilities? Are there
any transfer stations involved? What is your assessment of
the arrangements that are now used? Can you suggest any
improvements?

3.6

MARKS

MARKS

5 marks
(C5 C6)

Disposal (Group 7)

TASK

DESCRIPTION

Task 3.6(a)
Landfill

Estimate the required landfill area for your study area using
the data obtained in Task 2.

MARKS
4 marks
(C3 C4)

Assume the height of lift is 3m.

Task 3.6(b)
Landfill Control of
Surface Runoff

Locate one completed landfill sites in your study area and

identify the types of facilities that have been installed to
control surface runoff from the landfill and to divert storm
water runoff from the land surrounding the landfill. Based
on your observation, how effective do you feel the drainage
facilities are in meeting the objective of diverting rainwater
from the landfill site? Are they being maintained properly?

Task 3.6(c)
Landfill Cover

Identify what type of final landfill cover that was used.

Based on your observation, how effective do you believe
the final cover is limiting the uncontrolled release of landfill
gases?

6 marks
(C3 C4)

4 marks
(C3 C4)

Task 3.6(d)
Landfill Gases

Identify the types of facilities that have been installed to

control landfill gases. Are the facilities being maintained
properly?

3 marks
(C3 C4)

Task 3.6(e)
Landfill Leachate

Identify the types of facilities that have been installed to

capture and treat leachate.

3 marks
(C3 C4)

Task 3.6(f)
Post Closure Landfill
Sites

Selection of an end use for former landfill is dictated by the

needs of the community and the funds available for the
reclamation of project. Discuss the revegetation of closed
landfill sites.

5 marks
(C3 C4)

Task 3.6(g)
Landfill Cross Section

Sketch the cross section of the landfill sites in your study

area.

3 marks
(C1 C2)

APPENDIX
A1. SAMPLING PROCEDURE
1.

Unload wastes in a controlled area away from other operation.

2.

Quarter the waste load.

3.

Select one of the quarters and quarter that quarter.

4.

Select one of the quartered quarters and separate all of the individual components of the
waste into preselected components such as those listed in Table A1.

5.

Place the separated components in a container of known volume and tare mass and
measure the volume and mass of each component. The separated components should be
compacted tightly to stimulate the conditions in the storage containers from which they were
collected.

6.

Determine the percentage distribution of each component by mass and the as-discarded
density (Table A3). Typically, from 100 to 200kg (200to 400 lb) of waste should be sorted to
obtain a representative sample.

Figure A1. Typical sizes of individual

components comprising solid wastes
(Winkler & Wilson, 1973)

Figure A2. Number of individual components

of a given size per tonne of municipal solid
wastes (Winkler & Wilson, 1973)