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Quiz 2

Name:

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering


Mississippi State University
Fundamentals of Energy Systems (ECE 3614)
November 10, 2015
NetID:

1. [20%]. Consider a 100 kVA, 2200 V/120 V, 60 Hz, single-phase transformer


with the series impedance of 0.012+j0.03 pu. Its excitation current is 5% and
its core loss is estimated to be 1.5%.
(a) Calculate rated copper loss of the transformer in watts.
Answer:
Rated copper loss: 0.012 pu or 0.012 100000 = 1200 W

(b) Calculate rated core loss of the transformer in watts.


Answer:
Rated core loss: 0.015 pu or 0.015 100000 = 1500 W

(c) Calculate rated excitation current in amperes.


Answer:
Rated current (on HV side): I = VS = 100000
= 45.45 A
2200
Rated excitation current (on HV side): 0.05 45.45 = 2.27 A

(d) Calculate series impedance in ohms (on the HV side).


Answer:
The base impedance of the transformer (on the HV side) is
Zbase =

Vbase
V2
22002
= base =
= 48.4 .
Ibase
Sbase
100000

Thus, the series impedance will be (0.012 + j0.03) 48.4 = 0.58 + j1.45 .

(e) Calculate efficiency of the machine at rated conditions and 0.8 PF lagging.
Answer:
Pout = 100 0.8 = 80 kW , Ploss = 1.2 + 1.5 = 2.7 kW ,
=

Pout
80
100 =
100 = 96.7%
Pin
82.7

2. [10%]. Consider an autotransformer with ratings: 10 kVA, 120 V/132 V,


60 Hz. When in operation, what percentage of power is transferred through the
magnetic core and what percentage through the electric connection?
Answer:
s
s
For this transformer, we have 132
= 1+ N
which means N
= 0.1. The relationship
120
Nc
Nc
between the transferred power (S) and the winding (magnetic) power (Sw ) is SSw =
Nc
1+ N
= 1 + 10 = 11. Therefore, the percentage of power transferred through the
s
1
100 = 9.1%. The rest, that is 90.9% is transferred through the
magnetic core is 11
electric connection.

3. [10%]. What are the components of power loss in a synchronous generator?


Answer:
Stray losses, Friction and windage losses, core losses (collectively called rotational
losses) plus copper losses in armature windings.

4. [10%]. What are the two common ways of establishing a rotating magnetic
field in an AC machine?
Answer:
1) Apply a three-phase AC supply to three windings on the stator.
2) Apply a DC supply to a winding on the rotor and rotate its mass.

5. [10%]. What are the two main control systems in a synchronous generator?
Explain each one briefly.
Answer:
1) Governor control system: controls the real power of the machine. This adjusts the
flow of input mechanical power applied to the shaft of rotor.
2) AVR control system: controls the reactive power of the machine. This adjusts the
amount of current flowing into the field winding of the machine.

6. [20%]. A synchronous generator is running at no-load and its terminal voltage is 500 V. When a load with 0.8 power factor lagging connects to it (without
changing its field), it supplies 50 A current and its voltage drops to 400 V. (Machines windings are connected in , its synchronous reactance is 5 ohms/phase
and its armature resistance is negligible).
(a) Calculate the real and reactive powers delivered by the machine to the load.
Answer:

P =

Q=

3V I cos = 3 400 50 0.8 = 27.7 kW

3V I sin = 3 400 50 0.6 = 20.8 kVAR

(b) Calculate the power (or the torque) angle.


Answer:
P =

3V E
Xs

sin sin =

P Xs
3V E

277005
3500400

= 0.23 = 13.35 .

(c) Draw the phasor diagram of the machine for this operating situation.
Answer:

jX I
13.35

Figure 1: Phasor Diagram of P 3

7. [20%] Consider a synchronous generator with ratings 480 V, 800 kVA,


0.8 PF lagging, 8-pole, 60 Hz, Y-connected. Its governor set-point is fNL and
its droop slope is sp = 500 kW/Hz. In order to connect it to the 480 V, 60 Hz
grid, it is operated at no load and its voltage is synchronized to the grid. Its
frequency is equal to (or slightly larger than) the grid frequency. After connection, the set-point fNL is gradually increased until the machine reaches its rated
operation.
1) What is the initial value of fNL right after connection, and the final value of
fNL at rated condition?
Answer:
Right after connection, the machine is still operating at no-load. Its governor set-point
is equal to (or slightly larger than) the grid frequency, that s 60 Hz.
The rated power is P = 800 0.8 = 640 kW . Therefore, according to P = sp (fNL f ),
we will get 640 = 500 (fNL 60) fNL = 61.28 Hz

2) What is the speed of the rotation of rotor in rpm?

Answer:
n=

120
f
p

= 900 rpm

3) If the synchronous reactance of the machine is 0.25 per-phase and the


armature winding resistance is negligible, calculate the internal voltage and the
power angle at rated condition?
Answer:

+j
The rated current is I = S3V = 800000
= 962 A. Then E = V + jX I = 480
3480
3

0.25 962 (0.8 j0.6) = 45424 V. Therefore, the line-to-line induced voltage is

454 3 = 788 V and the power angle is 24 degrees.

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