Lesson 21- Power Station Automation

With regard to the functions of the power station automation, people may fill up a
long list as follows:
(1)The automatic starting of generating sets.
(2) The automatic switching on after electrical voltage is established.
(3)The automatic adjustment of electrical voltage.
(4) The automatic unloading by different stages of secondary electrical users when
generators are overloaded.
(5)The automatic parallel of generators.
(6) The automatic regulation of frequency and load of generators after their being
paralleled.
(7) The automatic load transfer before a generator is out of service.
(8)The automatic switching off in the case of generator failure.
Nowadays, first priority has been given to an A. C. power station for common
vessels, and the generators of self excitation and constant voltage are widely adopted. By
the self excitation, it means that the excitation needed will be supplied by a generator
itself when it is in operation. By the constant voltage, it is meant that a generator is
equipped with a compound excitation device, which is capable of compensating the
voltage fluctuation and thus keeping the voltage within the allowance when the generator
voltage fluctuates due to load changes.
Generators may be overloaded in service owing to the increase of additional
loads. In order to ensure the continuity of power supply and protect the generators from
overloading, it is necessary to unload some of the electrical users. These years, the
automatic unloading device for the marine power station is either of transistor loop or
composed of relay contactor, which automatically unloads some secondary electrical
users by different stages and ensures the continuous power supply of the other primary
electrical users.
In case a marine power station is armed with two or more generators, it is
frequently required to run them in parallel so as to obtain the continuity and economy of
power supply. In respect to A. C. generators, it is allowed for them to be paralleled and
switched on only when they possess the same voltage, frequency, phase sequence and
phase angle. And the above-mentioned operation is to be performed either by hand
control or through an automatic accurate synchro device. The present-day accurate
synchro device in use takes a transistor loop, which consists principally of frequency
regulation, frequency difference latching, voltage latching, switching on and power
supply.
To ensure the quality of power supply and the reliability of generator operation, it is
required to maintain the constant frequency of the network and achieve a uniform load
distribution between the generators in parallel. In the old days, this was done by an
electrician on duty. But with the development of the power station automation, the
automatic frequency-adjusting and load-adjusting devices have come into use, which
generally consist of frequency convertor, power convertor and regulator and so on. The
function of the above two convertors is to convert both the frequency signals of the
power station and the power signals of the generating set into the D. C. signals that will
be input into an impulse-type regulator. And the regulator will shed the speed-regulating
impulses in accordance with the magnitude of the input D. C. signals, and contact the

servo motor by means of a silicon controlled rectifier(SCR) to alter the speed of diesel
engines so that a uniform load distribution between generators and the rated frequency
are thus maintained.
New Words and Expressions
1. unload v.gi ti,ct ti
2. overload v .qu ti
3. parallel n mc song song
4. load transfer truyn ti
5. self excitation t kch hot
6. constant voltage in p khng i
7. excitation n .kch hot
8. compound excitation kch hot phc
9. fluctuation n.bin ng,ba ng
10. allowance n .hn nh cho php
11. fluctuate v.dao dng
12. transistor loop mch vng bn dn
13. phase sequence trnh t pha
14. phase angle gc pha
15. accurate synchro device thit b ng b chnh xc
16. frequency regulation vic iu hnh tn s
17. frequency difference latching vic to nh (kho) chnh tn s
18. voltage latching kho in p
19. uniform a. ng b
20. load distribution phn b ti trng
21. electrician n .th in
22. convertor n b chuyn i
23. regulator n. b iu chnh
24. input v . n .nhp vo
25. impulse-type a .kiu xung
26. shed v .tung ra
27. contact v .tip xc
28. silicon controlled rectifier(SCR) b chnh iu khin bng silicon
29. the rated frequency tn s danh nh
30. thyristor n thyristor
Verb Phrases and Collocations
1. fill up lp y bng
2. switch on ng mch
3. secondary electrical user h dng in th hai
4. be out of service ngng
5. switch off ct mch
6. give first priority to u tin s mt
7. primary electrical user h dng in th nht
8. in parallel mc song song
9. in the old days trc y

10. on duty trc,ang lm nhim v

BI 21-T NG HO TRM MY PHT IN
Xt v chc nng t ng ho trm in ,ngi ta c th nu ra mt bng di nh
sau:
(1) t ng khi ng my pht
(2) t ng ng mch khi in p n nh
(3)t ng iu chnh in p
(4)t ng d ti cc giai on khc nhau ca h dng in loi hai khi my
pht qu ti
(5) t ng u song song cc my pht
(6)t ng iu chnh tn s v ti ca cc my pht khi cc my c u song
song.
(7)t ng chuyn ti khi mt my pht ngng hot ng
(8)t ng ct mch khi my pht c trc trc.
Hin nay,u tin hng u l cho trm pht AC trn cc tu thng thng v my
pht t kch c in p khng i l loi c dng rng ri.Vi loi t kch hot ,c
ngha l vic thc hin kch hot cn thit c thc hin bi chnh my pht khi n i
vo hot ng.vi in p khng i c ngha l my pht trang b thit b kch phc ,c
th b tr nhng dao ng in p v nh vy gi cho in p nm trong phm vi cho
php khi in p ca my pht dao ng do ti thay i.My pht c th qu ti trong s
dng do tng cc ti trng ph. bo m cp in c lin tc v bo v my pht
khi qu ti ,cn phi ct mt s h dng in.Hin nay,thit b t ng ct ti cho trm
in trn tu th thng hoc dng mch vng transistor hay t hp cc rle cngtc,thit
b ny t ng ct ti cc h dng in loi hai vo cc giai on khc nhau v m bo
lin tc cp in cho cc h dng in loi mt.Trong trng hp trm in trn tu trang
b hai hay nhiu my pht,thng phi mc chng dong song vi nhau m bo vic
cp in c lin tc v tit kim.i vi cc my pht AC ,ch cho php chng mc
song song v ng mch khi chng c cng mt in p ,tn s,trnh t pha v gc
pha.V vic thao tc ni trn phi c thc hin hoc bng iu khin th cng hoc
thng qua mt thit b synchro t ng chnh xc.Thit b synchro chnh xc hin nay
thng dng mt mch vng transistor ,n ch yu gm ci iu chnh tn s,b kho
hiu tn s ,b kho in p,b ng mch v b cp in. m bo cht lng vic
cp in v tin cy trong khi thao tc my pht,cn phi duy tr tn s khng i ca
mng li v phn b ti ng u gia cc my pht mc song song .Trc y vic ny
thc hin bi mt k thut in trc.Nhng vi s pht trin ca vic t ng ho trm
in,cc thit b t ng iu tn v iu p c a vo s dng ,ni chung n gm
c ci chuyn i tn s,ci chuyn i cng sut,ci iu chnh vn vn,Nhim v ca
hai ci chuyn i ni trn l chuyn i c hai tn hiu tn s ca trm v tn hiu cng
sut ca my pht thnh cc tn hiu DC ,tn hiu ny c nhp vo mt ci iu chnh
kiu xung..V ci iu chnh ny s tung ra cc xung iu khin tc cn c theo bin
ca cc tn hiu DC nhp vo,v tip xc vi ng c servo thng qua mt b tinh
chnh iu khin silicon SCR thay i tc ca ng c diesel sao cho duy tr c
s phn b ng u ti trng gia cc my pht v tn s nh.