Amity Campus

Uttar Pradesh
India 201303
ASSIGNMENTS
PROGRAM: MFC
SEMESTER-II
Subject Name:
Study COUNTRY:
Roll Number (Reg. No.):
Student Name:

CORPORATE TAX PLANNING

SOMALIA
MFC001512014-2016091
MOHAMED ABDULLAHI KHALAF

INSTRUCTIONS
Q: 1).

Students are required to submit all three assignment sets.

ASSIGNMENT
Assignment A
Assignment B
Assignment C

DETAILS
Five Subjective Questions
Three Subjective Questions + Case Study
Objective or one line Questions

MARKS
10
10
10

Q: 2).
Total weight-age given to these assignments is 30%. OR 30 Marks
Q: 3).
All assignments are to be completed as typed in word/pdf.
Q: 4).
All questions are required to be attempted.
Q: 5).
All the three assignments are to be completed by due dates and need to
be submitted for evaluation by Amity University.
Q: 6).
The students have to attach a scanned signature in the form.
Signature

: _________________________

Date: 06, June, 2015

( ) Tick mark in front of the assignments submitted
Assignment A

Assignment B

Assignment C

Page | 2

CORPORATE TAX PLANNING

ASSIGNMENT: A (10 MARKS)
Q: 1).

Distinguish between tax avoidance and tax evasion? (2 Marks)

Answer:
Tax avoidance is the legal utilization of the tax regime to one's own advantage, to reduce
the amount of tax that is payable by means that are within the law.
The United States Supreme Court has stated that "The legal right of an individual to
decrease the amount of what would otherwise be his taxes or altogether avoid them, by
means which the law permits, cannot be doubted."
Tax avoidance is reducing or negating tax liability in legally permissible ways and has legal
sanction Essential features of tax avoidance are as under
Legitimate arrangement affairs in such a way so as to minimize tax liability.
Avoidance of tax is not tax evasion and carries not public disgrace with it.
An act valid in law cannot be treated as fictitious merely on the basis of some
underlying motive supposedly resulting in lower payment of tax to authorities.
There is not element of mala fide motive involved in tax avoidance.
By contrast tax evasion is the general term for efforts by individuals, firms, trusts and other
entities to evade taxes by illegal means.
Tax evasion usually entails taxpayers deliberately misrepresenting or concealing the true state
of their affairs to the tax authorities to reduce their tax liability, and includes, in particular,
dishonest tax reporting (such as declaring less income, profits or gains than actually earned;
or overstating deductions).
Tax evasion all methods by which tax liability is illegally avoided are termed as tax evasion.
An assessee guilty of tax evasion may be punished under the relevant laws.
Tax evasion is an illegal practice where a person, organization or corporation intentionally
avoids paying his/her/its true tax liability. Those caught evading taxes are generally subject
to criminal charges and substantial penalties.

Page | 3

There is a difference between tax minimization/avoidance and tax evasion. All citizens have
the right to reduce the amount of taxes they pay as long as it is by legal means.
The following are the broad areas of distinction the two:
Tax avoidance

Tax evasion

1) Any planning of tax which aims at

reducing or negating tax liability in legally
recognized permissible ways can be
termed as an instance of tax avoidance.
2) Tax avoidance takes into account the
loop holes of law.
3) Tax avoidance is tax hedging within the
framework of law.
4) Tax avoidance has legal sanction
5) Tax avoidance is intentional tax planning
before the actual tax liability arises.

1) All methods by which tax liability is

illegally avoided is termed as tax evasion.
2) Tax evasion is an attempt to evade tax
liability with the help of unfair
means/method.
3) Tax evasion is tax omission
4) Tax evasion is unlawful and an assessee
guilty of tax evasion may be punisher
under the relevant laws.
5) Tax evasion is international attempt to
avoid payment of tax after the liability to
tax has arisen.

Q: 2).
What do you understand by Control and Management of A Company?
(2 Marks)
Answer:
Control and Management of A Company is a management function aimed at achieving
defined goals within an established timetable, and usually understood to have three
components: (1) setting standards, (2) measuring actual performance, and (3) taking
corrective action.
A typical process for management control includes the following steps: (1) actual
performance is compared with planned performance, (2) the difference between the two is
measured, (3) causes contributing to the difference are identified, and (4) corrective action is
taken to eliminate or minimize the difference.
So the Control and Management of A Company is an internal control performed by one or
more managers and it is a system designed to promote efficiency and assure the
implementation of a policy or safeguard assets or avoid fraud and error etc.

Page | 4

In determining residential status of a company, the following broad propositions should be

kept in view:
Meaning of "control and management" The term "control and management" refers
to "head and brain" which directs affairs of policy, finance, disposal of profits and
vital things concerning the management of a company.
The place of incorporation of the company may not be the place where control lies.
Control is not necessarily situated in the country in which the company is registered.
A company may be resident in more than one country- Under the tax laws a company
may have more than one residence. The mere fact that a company is also resident in a
foreign country would not necessarily displace its residence in India.
Central control and management lies where meetings of board of directors are heldUsually control and management of a company's affairs is situated at the place where
meetings of board of directors are held. Moreover, control and management referred
to in section 6 is central control and management and not the carrying on of day to
day business of servants, employees or agents.
Place of doing business may be different from place of control of business- The
whole of business may be done outside India and yet the control and management of
that business may be wholly within India. In order to determine the residence of a
company, the real test to be applied is where the controlling does and directing power
function, or where its head and brain is.
"Control" is different from share holding control- "Control" does not mean share
holding control. In the case of a subsidiary company managed by its local board of
directors, it is difficult to establish that control and management of its affairs vests at
the place where the parent company resides.
A non-Indian companys de facto control must be in India for residential India-In
order to hold that a non-Indian company is resident in India during any previous
year, it must be established that such companys de facto is in India. Although central
management and control has sometimes been stated in the form "head, seat and
directing power" the question depends on the facts of the management and not on
the physical situation of the thing that is managed. A company is managed by the
board of directors and if the meetings of the board of directors are held within India,
it may be said that the control and management is situated here.
Partial control from outside India - "control and management" does not mean
carrying of a day to day business. Even a partial control outside India is sufficient to
hold a foreign company as a non-resident.

Page | 5

Q: 3).

What is VAT?

(2 Marks)

Answer:
Value Added Tax (VAT) is an indirect tax on the domestic consumption of goods and
services, except those that are zero-rated (such as food and essential drugs) or are otherwise
exempt (such as exports). It is levied at each stage in the chain of production and
distribution from raw materials to the final sale based on the value (price) added at each
stage. It is not a cost to the producer or the distribution chain members, and whereas its full
brunt is borne by the end consumer, it avoids the double taxation (tax on tax) of a direct
sales tax.
VAT is introduced by the European Economic Community (now the European Union) in
the 1970.
A Value-Added Tax (VAT) is a type of consumption tax that is placed on a product
whenever value is added at a stage of production and at final sale. From the perspective of
the buyer, it is a tax on the purchase price. From that of the seller, it is a tax only on
the value added to a product, material, or service, from an accounting point of view, by this
stage of its manufacture or distribution. The manufacturer remits to the government the
difference between these two amounts, and retains the rest for themselves to offset the taxes
they had previously paid on the inputs.
The purpose of VAT is to generate tax revenues to the government similar to the corporate
income tax or the personal income tax.
The value added to a product by or with a business is the sale price charged to its customer,
minus the cost of materials and other taxable inputs.
A VAT is like a sales tax in that ultimately only the end consumer is taxed. It differs from the
sales tax in that, with the latter, the tax is collected and remitted to the government only
once, at the point of purchase by the end consumer. With the VAT, collections, remittances
to the government, and credits for taxes already paid occur each time a business in the
supply chain purchases products.
VAT in India is classified under the following tax slabs:

0% for the essential commodities

1% on gold ingots as well as expensive stones
Page | 6

4% on capital merchandise, industrial inputs, and commodities of mass consumption

12.5% on all other items

Basis for VATs

By the method of collection, VAT can be accounts-based or invoice-based. Under the
invoice method of collection, each seller charges VAT rate on his output and passes the
buyer a special invoice that indicates the amount of tax charged. Buyers who are subject to
VAT on their own sales (output tax), consider the tax on the purchase invoices as input tax
and can deduct the sum from their own VAT liability. The difference between output tax
and input tax is paid to the government (or a refund is claimed, in the case of negative
liability). Under the accounts based method, no such specific invoices are used. Instead, the
tax is calculated on the value added, measured as a difference between revenues and
allowable purchases. Most countries today use the invoice method, the only exception being
Japan, which uses the accounts method.
By the timing of collection, VAT (as well as accounting in general) can be either accrual or
cash based. Cash basis accounting is a very simple form of accounting. When a payment is
received for the sale of goods or services, a deposit is made, and the revenue is recorded as
of the date of the receipt of funds no matter when the sale had been made. Cheques are
written when funds are available to pay bills, and the expense is recorded as of the cheque
date regardless of when the expense had been incurred. The primary focus is on the
amount of cash in the bank, and the secondary focus is on making sure all bills are paid.
Little effort is made to match revenues to the time period in which they are earned, or to
match expenses to the time period in which they are incurred.
Accrual basis accounting matches revenues to the time period in which they are earned and
matches expenses to the time period in which they are incurred. While it is more complex
than cash basis accounting, it provides much more information about your business. The
accrual basis allows you to track receivables (amounts due from customers on credit sales)
and payables (amounts due to vendors on credit purchases). The accrual basis allows you to
match revenues to the expenses incurred in earning them, giving you more meaningful
financial reports.
Method of Collection of VAT
There are two methods for collection of VAT in India. In the first method, tax is charged
separately on the basis of the tax which is paid on purchase, and the tax that is payable on
Page | 7

the sale (shown separately in the invoice). Therefore, the difference between the tax paid on
purchase and the tax payable on sale as per the invoice is the VAT.
In the second method, tax is collected and charged on the aggregate value of the tax payable
on sale and purchase, by applying the rate of tax applicable to the goods.
Therefore, the difference between the sale price and purchase price would be VAT. It means
VAT is the tax which consumers ultimately face, which is collected at each stage.
Advantages of VAT
The following are the advantages of Value Added Tax
Coverage:
If the tax is considered on a retail level, it offers all the economic advantages of a tax of the
entire retail price within its scope. The direct payment of tax spreads out over a large number
of firms instead of being concentrated only on particular groups, such as wholesalers &
retailers.
Revenue Security:
Under VAT only buyers at the final stage have an interest in undervaluing their purchases, as
the deduction system ensures that buyers at earlier stages are refunded the taxes on their
purchases. Therefore, tax losses due to undervaluation will be limited to the value added at
the last stage.
Secondly, under VAT, if the payment of tax is avoided at one stage nothing will be lost if it
is picked up at later stage. Even if it is not picked up later, the government will at least have
collected the VAT paid at previous stages. Where as if evasion takes place at the final/last
stage the state will lose only tax on the value added at that particular point.
Selectivity:
VAT is selectively applied to specific goods & business entities. In addition, VAT does not
burden capital goods because of the consumption-type. VAT gives full credit for tax
included on purchases of capital goods.
Co-ordination of VAT with direct taxation:
Most taxpayers cheat on sales not to evade VAT but to evade their personal and corporate
income taxes. Operation of VAT resembles that of the income tax and an effective VAT
greatly helps in income tax administration and revenue collection.
Page | 8

Disadvantages of VAT

VAT is regressive
VAT is difficult to operate from position of both administration and business
VAT is inflationary
VAT favors capital intensive firms

Q: 4).

What is the concept of avoidance of double taxation?

(2 Marks)

Answer:
Double taxation is the imposition of two or more taxes on the same income (in the case of
income taxes), asset (in the case of capital taxes), or financial transaction (in the case of sales
taxes). It refers to two distinct situations:
Taxation of dividend income without relief or credit for taxes paid by the company
paying the dividend on the income from which the dividend is paid. This arises in the
so-called "classical" system of corporate taxation, used in the United States.
Taxation by two or more countries of the same income, asset or transaction, for
example income paid by an entity of one country to a resident of a different country.
The double liability is often mitigated by tax treaties between countries.
In Todays modern world of advanced globalization, business is not restricted to a single
geographical territory & crosses all borders of the countries. This had emerged a complex
world of business along with complex world of Accounting & Taxation.
The country has a right to tax on the profits earned in its land by anyone and also to tax the
global income of its residence. This leads to taxation of same income more than once in
different countries.
To avoid this double taxation of same income, countries are entering into Double tax
avoidance agreement (DTAA) with each other. There is generally bi-lateral agreement which
is entered between two countries. However, there are also Multi lateral agreements which
are entered between more than two countries.
The Meaning of Tax Treaty (DTAA) means a tax treaty is a formally concluded and ratified
agreement between two independents nations (bilateral treaty) or more than two nations
(multilateral treaty) on matters concerning taxation normally in written form.

Page | 9

There are two kinds of DTAA. Comprehensive Agreements & Limited Agreements,
Comprehensive Agreements scope is to addressing all sources of income whereas Limited
Agreements scope to cover only
(a) Income from Operation of Aircrafts & Ships
(b) Estates
(c) Inheritance &
(d) Gifts
The League of Nations first commenced work in this behalf in 1921 and produced in 1928
the first Model Bilateral Convention.
Q: 5).

What is Gross Total Income?

(2 Marks)

Answer:
A persons Gross Total Income is his/her taxable income from all sources. As per section
14, income of a person is computed under the following five heads:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Income from Salaries.

Income from house property.
Income from Profits and gains of business or profession.
Income from Capital gains.
Income from other sources.

The aggregate income under these heads before making any deduction under section 80 C to
80 U is termed as Gross Total Income

Page | 10

Assignment: B (10 Marks)

Q: 1).
How the incidence of tax depends upon Residential Status of an
assessee? (3 Marks)
Answer:
The incidence of tax on any assessee depends upon his/her residential status under the Act.
Therefore, after determining whether a particular amount is capital or revenue in nature, if
the receipt is of a revenue nature and chargeable to tax, it has to be seen whether the
assessee is liable to tax in respect of that income. The taxability of a particular receipt would
thus depend upon not only the nature of the income and the place of its accrual or receipt
but also upon the assesees residential status.
For all purposes of income-tax, taxpayers are classified into three broad categories on the
basis of their residential status. Vis:
1) Resident and Ordinary Resident
2) Resident but not Ordinary Resident
3) Non-Resident
The residential status of an assessee must be ascertained with reference to each previous
year. A person who is resident and ordinarily resident in one year may become non-resident
or resident but not ordinarily resident in another year or vice versa. The provisions for
determining the residential status of assessees are:
1) Residential status of Individuals: Under section 6(1), an individual is said to be
resident in India in any previous year, if he satisfies any one of the following
conditions:
(ii)
He has been in India during the previous year for a total period of 182 days or
more, or
(iii)
He has been in India during the 4 years immediately preceding the previous
year for a total period of 365 days or more and has been in India for at least
60 days in the previous year.
If the individual satisfies any one of the conditions mentioned above, he is a resident. If both
the above conditions are not satisfied, the individual is a non-resident.

Page | 11

Note:
a) The term stay in India includes stay in the territorial waters of India (i.e. 12 nautical
miles into the sea from the Indian coastline). Even the stay in a ship or boat moored
in the territorial waters of India would be sufficient to make the individual resident in
India.
b) It is not necessary that the period of stay must be continuous or active nor is it
essential that the stay should be at the usual place of residence, business or
employment of the individual.
c) For the purpose of counting the number of days stayed in India, both the date of
departure as well as the date of arrival are considered to be in India.
d) The residence of an individual for income-tax purpose has nothing to do with
citizenship, place of birth or domicile. An individual can, therefore, be resident in
more countries than one even though he can have only one domicile.
Exceptions: The following categories of individuals will be treated as residents only if the
period of their stay during the relevant previous year amounts to 182 days. In other words
even if such persons were in India for 365 days during the 4 preceding years and 60 days in
the relevant previous year, they will not be treated as resident.
1) Indian citizens, who leave India in any previous year as a member of the crew of an
Indian ship or for purposes of employment outside India, or
2) Indian citizen or person of Indian origin engaged outside India in an employment or
a business or profession or in any other vocation, who comes on a visit to India in
any previous year
A person is said to be of Indian origin if he or either of his parents or either of his
grandparents were born in undivided India.
Not-ordinarily resident - Only individuals and HUF can be resident but not ordinarily
resident in India. All other classes of assessees can be either a resident or non-resident. A
not-ordinarily resident person is one who satisfies any one of the conditions specified under
section 6(6).
i) If such individual has been non-resident in India in any 9 out of the 10 previous years
preceding the relevant previous year, or
ii) If such individual has during the 7 previous years preceding the relevant previous year
been in India for a period of 729 days or less.
Page | 12

Note: In simpler terms, an individual is said to be a resident and ordinarily resident if he

satisfies both the following conditions:
i) He is a resident in any 2 out of the last 10 years preceding the relevant previous year,
and
ii) His total stay in India in the last 7 years preceding the relevant previous year is 730
days or more.
If the individual satisfies both the conditions mentioned above, he is a resident and
ordinarily resident but if only one or none of the conditions are satisfied, the individual is a
resident but not ordinarily resident.
2) Residential status of HUF: A HUF would be resident in India if the control and
management of its affairs is situated wholly or partly in India. If the control and
management of the affairs is situated wholly outside India it would become a nonresident.
The expression control and management referred to under section 6 refers to the central
control and management and not to the carrying on of day-to-day business by servants,
employees or agents. The business may be done from outside India and yet its control and
management may be wholly within India. Therefore, control and management of a business
is said to be situated at a place where the head and brain of the adventure is situated. The
place of control may be different from the usual place of running the business and
sometimes even the registered office of the assessee. This is because the control and
management of a business need not necessarily be done from the place of business or from
the registered office of the assessee. But control and management do imply the functioning
of the controlling and directing power at a particular place with some degree of permanence.
If the HUF is resident, then the status of the Karta determines whether it is resident and
ordinarily resident or resident but not ordinarily resident. If the Karta is resident and
ordinarily resident, then the HUF is resident and ordinarily resident and if the Karta is
resident but not ordinarily resident, then HUF is resident but not ordinarily resident.
3) Residential status of firms and association of persons: A firm and an AOP would
be resident in India if the control and management of its affairs is situated wholly or
partly in India. Where the control and management of the affairs is situated wholly
outside India, the firm would become a non-resident.
4) Residential status of companies: A company is said to be resident in India if
(i)

It is an Indian company as defined under section 2(26), or

Page | 13

(ii)

Its control and management is situated wholly in India during the accounting
year.

Thus, every Indian company is resident in India irrespective of the fact whether the control
and management of its affairs is exercised from India or outside. But a company, other than
an Indian company, would become resident in India only if the entire control and
management of its affairs is in India.
The control and management of the affairs of company are said to be exercised from the
place where the directors meetings (not shareholders. meetings) are held, decisions taken
and directions issued.
5) Residential Status of Local Authorities and Artificial Juridical Persons: Local
authorities and artificial juridical persons would be resident in India if the control and
management of its affairs is situated wholly or partly in India. Where the control and
management of the affairs is situated wholly outside India, they would become nonresident.
Note: In simpler terms, an individual is said to be resident and ordinarily resident if he
satisfies both the following conditions:
i)
ii)

He is resident in any 2 out of the last 10 years preceding the relevant previous
year, and
His total stay in India in the last 7 years preceding the relevant previous year is
730 days or more.

If the individual satisfies both the conditions mentioned above, he is a resident and
ordinarily resident but if only one or none of the conditions are satisfied, the individual is a
resident but not ordinarily resident.
SCOPE OF TOTAL INCOME
Section 5 provides the scope of total income in terms of the residential status of the assessee
because the incidence of tax on any person depends upon his residential status. The scope of
total income of an assessee depends upon the following three important considerations:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)

The residential status of the assessee (as discussed earlier);

The place of accrual or receipt of income, whether actual or deemed; and
The point of time at which the income had accrued to or was received by or on
behalf of the assessee.
Page | 14

The ambit of total income of the three classes of assessees would be as follows:
1) Resident and ordinarily resident - The total income of a resident assessee would,
under section 5(1), consists of:
(i)
(ii)

Income received or deemed to be received in India during the previous year;

Income which accrues or arises or is deemed to accrue or arise in India during the
previous year; and
Income which accrues or arises outside India even if it is not received or brought
into India during the previous year.

(iii)

In simpler terms, a resident and ordinarily resident has to pay tax on the total income
accrued or deemed to accrue, received or deemed to be received in or outside India.
2) Resident but not ordinarily resident Under section 5(1), the computation of total
income of resident but not ordinarily resident is the same as in the case of resident
and ordinarily resident stated above except for the fact that the income accruing or
arising to him outside India is not to be included in his total income. However, where
such income is derived from a business controlled from or profession set up in India,
then it must be included in his total income even though it accrues or arises outside
India.
3) Non-resident - A non-residents total income under section 5(2) includes:
(i)
(ii)

Income received or deemed to be received in India in the previous year; and

Income which accrues or arises or is deemed to accrue or arise in India during
the previous year.

Note: All assessees, whether resident or not, are chargeable to tax in respect of their income
accrued, arisen, received or deemed to accrue, arise or to be received in India whereas
residents alone are chargeable to tax in respect of income which accrues or arises outside
India.
Resident And
Ordinarily Resident
Income
received/deemed to
be received/ accrued
or arisen/deemed to
accrue or arise in or
outside India.

Resident But
Non-Resident
Not Ordinarily Resident
Income which received/deemed to be Income
received/
received/ accrued or arisen/deemed to deemed
to
be
accrue or arise in India.
received/ accrued or
arisen/ deemed to
AND
accrue or arise in
Income which accrues or arises outside India India.
being derived from business controlled from
or profession set up in India.
Page | 15

Q: 2).
How the tax planning with reference to new business is to be done? (3
Marks)
Answer:
Tex Planning is defined as an arrangement of ones financial and economic affairs by taking
complete legitimate benefit of all deductions, exemptions, allowances and rebates so that tax
liability reduces to minimum.
While setting up a new business, one has to consider the location of the business and the
nature of the business. A number of factors have to be taken into consideration in deciding
about the location and nature of the business.
Tax Holidays and Deductions under Income tax are the main tax planning tools which are
considered while setting up a new business. Tax factor also plays an important role in taking
such decision. A tax holiday is a temporary reduction or elimination of a tax.
Governments usually create tax holidays as incentives for business investments. The taxes
that are most commonly reduced by national and local governments are sales taxes. In
developing countries, governments sometimes reduce or eliminate corporate taxes for the
purpose of attracting Foreign Direct Investment or stimulating growth in selected industries.
Tax holiday is given in respect of particular activities, and sometimes also only in particular
areas with a view to develop that area of business.
When a person decided to start a business there are number of factors to be considered,
namely: Location, Nature & Size of business, Form of business Capital structure and Setting
up and commencement of business.
1) Location, Nature & Size of business
Tax benefits on the basis of location, nature and size:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)

Agri: income (sec: 10(1))

Newly established unit in SEZ (sec:10AA)
Infra: Devt: Undertaking (sec: 80IA)
Undertaking engaged in devt: of SEZ(sec: 80IAB)
Certain undertakings in certain special category sates (sec: 80IC)
Hotels and convention centers in specified areas (sec: 80 ID)
Undertakings in North Eastern states (sec: 801E)
Assesses engaged in the collection and processing of bio-degradable
waste.(sec: 80JJA)
Page | 16

2) Form of business
Forms of business include: Individual / Sole Proprietorship, Hindu Undivided Family HUF,
Firm and Company.
(i) Individual / Sole Proprietorship: An individual can pay tax on Total Income at
prescribed slab rate. He is not entitled to get deduction in respect of remuneration,
interest on capital while computing income from his business.
General Deductions to individuals

Sec: 80C - contribution to life insurance premium, PPF, NSC, housing loan,etc.
Sec: 80CCC contribution to Pension Fund.
Sec: 80D Health Insurance.
Sec: 80DD medical treatment for handicapped.
Sec: 80DDB expense on medical treatment of specified deceases.
Sec: 80E interest on loan for higher studies.
Sec: 80EE interest on loan for acquisition of residential house.
Sec: 80GG House Rent
Sec: 80U Income of Disabled persons
Sec: 80TTA - interest on saving bank account

(ii) Hindu Undivided Family (HUF): HUF pays tax same as like an individual. The
family can pay reasonable remuneration to Karta and other family members allowed
to deducting in computing business income. Interest on capital cannot be allowable
for deduction.
Deductions to HUF
Deduction entitled from its Gross Total Income u/s 80C, 80D, 80DD, 80DDB, 80TTA.
(iii) Firm: Firm pay tax at the rate of 30.9%. Firm cannot initial exemptions and entire
income will taxable. The share of income of a firm in the hand of partner is fully
exempted u/s 10(2A)
Deductions to Firm
Interest on capital or loan given a rate mentioned in partnership deed, but not
exceeding 12%
Remuneration to working partners as mentioned in Deed. But limits up to prescribed
u/s 40(b)
Page | 17

(iv) Company: A domestic company is liable to pay tax at the rate of 30% with surcharge
and Edu: cess.
Deduction to company
Whole amount of interest paid to the loan taken for business purposes.
Remuneration paid to MD, Directors and other staffs.
Amount of dividend on its share capital is not deductable.
Tax Planning Tips
(i) Where deduction from GTI is allowed for prescribed number of years it is better to
commence the business from the beginning of the year.
(ii) For availing deductions u/s 80IA, 80IAB, etc the conditions laid down for the
deduction must be complied.
(iii) The tax rate of HUF and Individual is the same so each case requires careful analysis.
(iv) Keeping in view exemption nil in the case of firm, it is better to dissolve and start
individual business.
(v) The firm should pay interest and remuneration to partners to the extent u/s 40(b) to
reduce the incidence of tax.
(vi) Take care of MAT.
Q: 3).
Telco Ltd., a company incorporated and managed in South Africa and
engaged in telecommunication services, is going to invest in China. Its
Chinese operations will be both manufacturing and providing services. Telco
intends to penetrate the Chinese market for telecommunication and according
to some market research carried out before; the operations will be highly
profitable within a couple of years.
How to structure Telco's investment in a tax effective manner? (4 Marks)
Answer:
Dividends paid by the Chinese subsidiary to the South African parent will not trigger
Chinese withholding tax if the South African investor qualifies as a "foreign investment
enterprise" under Chinese law. This is the case, among others, if the Chinese company is
wholly foreign-owned. Upon receipt of the dividends by the parent in South Africa,
additional South African corporate tax may be due.

Page | 18

The channeling of the dividends to a group holding company, and subsequently to the South
African investor in such a way that South African tax due on the dividend received, could be
an interesting solution.
This could be achieved by structuring the investment through a Seychelles1 group holding
company established as a CSL (special license company) under Seychelles law. The dividends
received by this company are only subject to 1.5% tax in the Seychelles.
Due to special provision in the treaty between the Seychelles and South Africa, no further
tax is payable in South Africa upon redistribution of the dividends to the parent, if any.
Therefore, the maximum tax burden is limited to 1.5%.
If this would be preferred, the dividends received in the Seychelles can, of course, also be
accumulated in the Seychelles.

1) Here and further Austria could also play a role of offshore country, in this example according to the actual double taxation regulation the
dividends received by the company are subject to 5% in Austria. In other examples there are quite dubious schemes to say for sure if they are
permitted by other countries. In any case to find a practical solution the tax advisers from all the countries, mentioned in the scheme should
decide whether this would be permitted or not.

Page | 19

Assignment: C (10 Marks)

Each question given below carry equal marks of 0.25 (i.e 0.25*40 = 10 Marks)
Q: 1).
A domestic company is always a company in which the public are
substantially interested
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

True
False ()
None of the above
True in some cases.

Q: 2).
A private limited company can never be a company in which the public
are substantially interested
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

True ()
False
True in some cases
None of the above

Q: 3).
A company registered in the UK and makes arrangement for payment
of dividend in India is not a domestic company
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Q: 4).
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

True
False ()
True in some cases
None of the above
A company is said to be resident of a particular company if
Control and management of the affairs of a company is situated wholly
in that particular country ()
Control and management of the affairs of a company is situated outside that
particular country.
Control and management of the affairs of a company is situated partly in that
particular country and partly outside that particular country.
All of the above

Page | 20

Q: 5).
X Ltd. a foreign company manages its affairs partly from India and
partly outside India. X Ltd. is said to be
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

Resident in India
Non-Resident in India
Resident and Ordinary Resident in India,
Resident but not ordinary Resident in India ()

Q: 6).
A company owning the following hotels can claim deduction under
section 80-ID
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

A 5 star hotel in X (a place) ()

A 4 star hotel in Y (a place).
A 3 star hotel in Z (a place)
All of the above.

Q: 7).
A company is qualified to claim deduction under section 80-IB. By mistake
the deduction was not claimed in the return of income. However, the company
claims that before the Assessing Officer at the time of assessment under section
143(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

Deduction will be allowed by the assessing officer.

Deduction will not be allowed by the assessing officer.
Deduction will be allowed by the assessing officer, if the Commissioner
of Income-tax permits ()
Deduction will be allowed by the assessing officer, if it is permitted by the
Chief Commissioner.

Q: 8).
A Government company cannot claim any deduction under section 10A,
10AA and 10B
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

True
False ()
None of the above
True in some cases.

Page | 21

Q: 9).
A limited liability partnership owns an infrastructure facility. It can
claim deduction under section 80-IA
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

True ()
False
True in some cases
None of the above

Q: 10). Only a company (not a limited liability partnership) can claim

deduction under section 10A, 10AA, and 10B
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Q: 11).
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Q: 12).
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Q: 13).
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

True
False ()
True in some cases
None of the above
Deduction under section 80JJJA is available in the following cases
Indian Company ()
Foreign Company
Limited Liability Partnership.
All of the above
Tonnage tax scheme is applicable in the following cases
Foreign Shipping Company,
Indian Shipping Company ()
Limited liability partnership in shipping industry.
All of the above
A company will pay dividend tax if
Bonus shares are allotted to equity shareholder.
Bonus shares are allotted to preference shareholders,
Shares are allotted to debenture holders free of cost.
Shares are allotted to employees as ESOP shares free of cost ()

Page | 22

Q: 14). Corporate taxation does not play any significance role in determining
the choice between different sources of finance
(a)
(b)

True
False ()

Q: 15). A Company want to purchase a plant (cost: Rs. 80 crore). It can out
rightly purchase it. Alternatively, it can take the plant on lease. The following
factors are taken into consideration to find out which one is better
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

Corporate tax rate;

Corporate rate and depreciation rate;
Corporate tax rate, depreciation rate, lease rent, cost of capital and
useful life of plant ()
None of the above.

Q: 16). If corporate tax rate is reduced the tax saving on account of

depreciation will increase (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

True ()
False
True in some cases
None of the above

Q: 17). If rate of depreciation is reduced the tax saving on account of

depreciation will increase (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

True
False ()
True in some cases
None of the above

Q: 18). If borrowed funds are used for purchase of a plant and tax rates are
reduced, the tax saving will increase (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

True ()
False
True in some cases
None of the above
Page | 23

Q: 19). Depreciation is not available in the case of machine acquired under

higher purchase
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

True ()
False
True in some cases
None of the above

Q: 20). X Limited is considering a proposal to manufacture a component itself

or purchase from market. No fresh investment in plant and machinery will be
required if it decides to manufacture the component within its factory. Total
Variable Cost of manufacturing is $ 74 per unit of component. Net fixed cost
of use of plant and machinery comes to $ 20 per unit of component. The
component is available in market at $ 79 per unit of component. It is better to
purchase the component from market(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

True ()
False
True in some cases
None of the above

Q: 21). Y Limited has an option to purchase a machine out of own funds or

alternatively a bank can finance it. At the current rate of corporate tax, the tax
saving in the later option is higher. If the corporate tax rate is reduced, the
second option will become less attractive(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

True
False ()
True in some cases
None of the above

Q: 22). In case of demerger, accumulated loss and unabsorbed depreciation of

the demerged company will be(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

Carried forward in the hands of demerged companies.

Carried forward and set off in hands of resulting companies ()
Set off in the hands of demerged companies.
None of these.

Page | 24

Q: 23).
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Q: 24).
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Q: 25).
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Q: 26).
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Q: 27).
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Q: 28).
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

Amalgamation and demerger are considered asSame terms always.

Distinct terms always
Same terms in certain cases.
Distinct terms in certain cases ()
Net wealth is calculated asAssets chargeable to wealth tax less the exempted assets
Assets chargeable to wealth tax less debt owned ()
Assets less debt owned
Assets less exempted assets
Wealth tax is chargeable
@ 2% of the net wealth exceeding Rs. 30 Lakhs
@ 1% of the net wealth exceeding Rs. 30 lakhs ()
@ 1% of the entire net wealth provided it exceeds Rs. 30,00,000.
@ 2% of the entire net wealth provided it exceeds Rs. 30,00,000.
Wealth tax is payable if the net wealth of the assesee
Exceeds Rs. 250,000
Is Rs. 30,00,000 or more
Exceeds Rs. 30,00,000 ()
None of the above
A firm is
Not liable to wealth tax ()
Liable to wealth tax
Not liable to wealth tax but partners share in the value of the assets of the firm
shall be included in the net wealth of the partner
All of the above
Asset held by a minor child is included in the net wealth of the
Father
Mother
Father or mother whose net wealth before clubbing is greater ()
Father or mother whose net wealth before clubbing is lesser.
Page | 25

Q: 29). An assessee is one who pays the wealth tax, an assessee belongs to
which of the following category?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Q: 30).
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Q: 31).
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Q: 32).
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Q: 33).
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Q: 34).
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

A company
HUF
A dead persons legal representative, the executor or administrator
All of the above ()
A house is not treated as an asset if
It is meant exclusively for residential purposes
House held as stock-in-trade
House used for own business or profession
All of the above ()
Vat Was First Introduced As A Tax In The Year:1919
1921
1948
1954
Vat Was First Introduced By The:FRANCE
GERMANY
USA
UK
Which Is Most Common Variant Of Vat Used World Wide:Gross Profit Variant
Consumption Variant ()
Gross Product Variant
Gross Income Variant
TIN MEANS:Tax Information Number
Tax India Number
Tax Identification Number ()
Tax Introduction Number
Page | 26

Q: 35).
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Q: 36).
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

Vat Introduction Will Certainly:Make the revenue collection worst.

Make the revenue collection better ()
The revenue collection are the same
Revenue volume has nothing to do with introduction of vat
The Accounting Under The Vat Will Be:Regular and cheap.
Regular and expensive ()
Irregular and cheap.
Irregular and expensive

Q: 37). To Claim The Input Credit Of Tax Paid What Is Most Important
Document:(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Q: 38).
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Q: 39).
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Q: 40).
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

Permission of the sales tax authority.

Proper vat invoice (Proper Tax Invoice) ()
Cash book
Ledger
Which Is Most Common Variant Of Vat Used World Wide:Gross Profit Variant
Consumption Variant ()
Gross Product Variant
Gross Income Variant
Due To Introduction Of Vat:Tax evasion is restricted ()
Tax evasion is increased.
Vat has nothing to do with evasion of tax.
Tax evasion has become easy.
The Accounting Under The Vat Will Be:Regular and cheap.
Regular and expensive ()
Irregular and cheap.
Irregular and expensive
Page | 27