Documenti di Didattica
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ON THE COVER
Expansion of the Blue Lake Project on
Baranof Island in Alaska enabled the City
and Borough of Sitka to supply 100% of
its electricity with renewable hydropower. Courtesy: City and Borough of Sitka
December 2015
SPEAKING OF POWER
Engaging Youth in Power
GLOBAL MONITOR
Ethiopia Begins Generating Power from 1.8-GW Gibe III Hydro Plant
Revolutionary Grid Connection for Offshore Wind Turbines Unveiled
Germany: Utilities Must Shoulder Nuclear Phase-Out Costs
THE BIG PICTURE: Nuclear Spins
The Potentials and Pitfalls of Battery Storage
Biomass-Fed Organic Rankine Cycle Units Make It Big
POWER Digest
8
8
11
12
14
15
16
FOCUS ON O&M
Optimize Boiler Combustion Using Improved Flue Gas Measurement
An Acoustic Mouse for Handheld 3-D Imaging
18
20
11
22
By Thomas W. Overton, JD
24
The province most associated with fossil fuels has developed the largest wind
farm in Western Canadaright on top of existing gas infrastructure.
26
Even in oil-rich Alaska, islands are sensitive to the delivered price of fossil
fuels, so when one island saw demand from electric heating increase, it increased its own energy supply by tapping its water resource.
28
Not all solar photovoltaics projects are the same. In this case, cadmium-telluride thin-film solar panels made more sense than crystalline silicon ones,
even though they are more expensive.
32
At 254 MW, its the worlds largest tidal barrage power plant, but its development was a result of needing to solve a completely different problem. Now its
a model for future projects.
34
38
This unique project couples concentrated solar power generation with a biomass-fired boiler, which together provide reliable, dispatchable, 24/7 power.
65
BUYERS GUIDE
|
www.powermag.com
38
1
REGULATORY COMPLIANCE
Take These Five Steps Now to Ensure ELG Compliance at Your Power
Plant
40
GENERATION TRANSITIONS
Seminole Electric Cooperative Sees Big Challenges from Clean Power
Plan
48
44
The largest coal-heavy utilities may be making the most noise about the
Clean Power Plan, but municipal and cooperative utilities, with smaller fleets
and fewer options, may be even more affected.
48
In todays market, reliability is more important than ever, so you cant afford
to let complacency about your electrical equipment lead to inadequate maintenance and sudden, catastrophic failure.
SOLAR POWER
The Future of Load Control for Solar PV
53
Yes, there really are ways to manage output from higher levels of distributed
solar generation without causing chaos on the grid.
GAS-FIRED POWER
Options for Optimizing Combined Cycle Plants
56
Demand for gas units has never been higher, so wringing every last kilowatt
out of a unit is every owners wish. Aside from upgrade packages, there are
some small things you can do that can deliver worthwhile results.
WATER TREATMENT
Water-Stressed Regions Provide Proving Grounds for Advanced ZLD
Systems
56
58
FUNDAMENTALS
Coal Pulverizer Maintenance Improves Boiler Combustion
62
Pulverizers are the heart of a coal-fired boiler. This article offers a number of
prescriptions for ensuring the best operation of that heart.
COMMENTARY
2 Billion Underserved Customers Are Waiting for Energy Services
128
uif POWER pg
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SPEAKING OF POWER
Engaging Youth
in Power
he challenge of getting a new generation of workers interested in the
power sector is one I hear about frequently. Too many young adults are more
fascinated by the tech sector, plant folks
say. That may be true, but I dont blame
ambitious youth for being attracted to
fields that are pushing frontiers. However, I do empathize with the traditional
power industry, struggling to attract wellqualified staff. I keep looking for brilliant
new strategies to share with readers, but I
keep hearing the same old ideas.
Ethiopia Begins
Generating Power from
1.87-GW Gibe III Hydro
Plant
Ethiopias generation capacity got an immense boost as operations began at the
1.87-GW Gibe III hydroelectric power
plant in the middle reach of the Omo River
basin this October. The plantEthiopias
largestis the third in the Gibe-Omo hydroelectric cascade, which includes the
184-MW Gilgel Gibe and 420-MW Gibe II,
both upstream of Gibe III. Two additional
plants downstream, Gibe IV and Gibe V,
are planned by state-owned utility Ethiopian Electric Power Corp.
According to Salini Impregilo, an Italian firm contracted to build the $1.6
billion project, the plant comprises a 249meter (m)-tall roller-compacted concrete
(RCC) damone of the highest in the
worldand an open-air power plant with
10 Francis turbines. It is expected to produce 6,500 GWh per year (Figure 1).
Salini Impregilo designed and built the
plant and the gravity dam, along with a
surface spillway. It also carved out three
diversion tunnels, two twin pumping tunnels, two intake structures, two horizontal tunnels, four vertical wells, and two
distributors. Consulting engineering firm
Studio Pietrangeli performed the feasibili-
1. Steep undertaking. The Gibe III hydroelectric plant on the Omo River in Ethiopia features a 249-meter-tall roller-compacted concrete dam, one of the highest of its type in the world.
The remoteness of the site, the narrow gorge where the dam is located, the height of the dam,
and challenges in sourcing reliable materials required unprecedented solutions to get the plant
built. Courtesy: Studio Pietrangeli
www.powermag.com
Revolutionary Grid
Connection for Offshore
Wind Turbines Unveiled
Siemens, the only provider of direct-current (DC) offshore wind connection projects, in October unveiled a potentially
game-changing technology that it says
enables cheaper and simpler grid connection of wind turbines miles off the coast.
The DC technology presented at the
National Maritime Conference in Bremerhaven, Germany, consists of a platform
housing the transmission equipment that is
80% more compact than the conventional
large central converter platforms used to
convert DC into alternating current (AC)
for transmission and distribution. The new
compact design neatly holds diode rectifier
units (DRUs)replacing conventionally
used air-insulated transistor modulesthe
transformer, the smoothing reactor, and the
rectifier in one tank.
If a number of smaller platforms can
be built, a DC cable can connect several
of them sequentially in a wind farm and
then route them to an onshore transformer
substation, the company explained. Typically, two DRUs (each with a transmission
capacity of 200 MW) are installed on one
platform. Up to three of these new platforms can be connected to each other to
create an offshore grid node that replaces
collection platforms in the wind farms
essentially creating a link that can connect
up to 1.2 GW of offshore wind capacity to
the mainland (Figure 2).
And that could result in cost savings
and more efficiency compared to conventional platforms: The volume of the plat-
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26923
3. The setting. After 33 years of operation, E.ONs 1.3-GW Grafenrheinfeld plant in Bavaria ramped down one final time on June 27.
Grafenrheinfeld is particularly well known in Germany as the setting of
a famous novel, Die Wolke, about a nuclear meltdown similar to that at
Chernobyl. The novel was written after the Chernobyl accident and has
become standard reading in German schools. Courtesy: E.ON
OEM Casting
The Choice of The
World Top 500
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ASIA
EUROPE
AMERICAS
CANADA1 reactor: 635 MW
Permanent shutdowns
12
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that the Federal Cabinet will soon establish a commission to review financing for
the nuclear phase-out to adopt draft legislation on extended liability for the dismantling of nuclear power plants and the
disposal of nuclear waste. The results of
the stress test will be made available to
the commission.
Sonal Patel, associate editor
4. Desert high. Simpliphi li-ion batteries (inside the white container at left) are used to provide backup storage for this solar photovoltaic system in Owens Lake, Calif., built for the Los
Angeles Department of Water and Power by Zerobase. Courtesy: Zerobase/Simpliphi
www.powermag.com
Biomass-Fed Organic
Rankine Cycle Units Make
It Big
One of the worlds largest biomass-fed organic rankine cycle (ORC) plants is getting
ready to begin operations. Italian firm
Turboden is preparing to put online an
8-MW power unit in Athens, Maine, that
will help Maine Woods Pellet Co. power a
pellet production facility. The project is
expected to start up by March 2016.
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www.powermag.com
15
POWER Digest
GE Completes Alstom Acquisition. GE
announced on Nov. 2 that a $10.6 billion
deal to acquire Alstoms power and grid
business is complete. Alstom will now entirely refocus its activities on rail transport. For more, see http://goo.gl/rSbTVl .
Correction
Federal Agency for Nuclear Control approved Electrabels plans to operate the
Doel-1 and Doel-2 nuclear reactors (433
MW each) for 10 more years, until 2025.
Electrabel, a subsidiary of French energy
group ENGIE, had reached an agreement
with the Belgian government on the conditions for a 10-year extension in July
2015. Doel-1 is now expected to close
on February 15, 2025, and Doel-2 on December 1, 2025. This means that three
of Belgiums seven reactors have secured
10-year lifetime extensions. Two other
units, Doel-3 and Tihange-2, have been
offline since 2014 due to manufacturing
flaws in their pressure vessels.
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1. Streaming through the process. Discrete zones can be created due to stream
patterns inside a boiler. Courtesy: ABB
2. The right mix. The AZ40 continuously monitors oxygen and unburned fuel so that operators can use the information to optimize combustion. Courtesy: ABB
A Maintenance-Friendly Design
There are a number of maintenance-saving features aimed at preventing the entry and buildup of ash within the probe.
To keep the sample path clear of dust
buildup, high-efficiency filters, based
on a woven sock design, are used, which
work by fluttering within their protective
shields. The resulting movement helps
prevent buildup of particles on the surface of the filter.
An optional blowback feature is available, which can be used to help prevent
clogging of the probe head filter assembly
caused by the buildup of process particles.
The blowback option is fully programmable,
allowing users to set both the duration and
frequency of blowback, with the choice of
either continuous or multiple air pulses.
The AZ40 has a heated sensor manifold
to prevent corrosive gases from condensing
in the analyzer sample path and causing a
blockage. The sensor manifoldheated to
204C (400F)maintains the sample above
its acid dew point.
The analyzer also includes advanced
diagnostic and verification functions.
The electronics package monitors device
health through regular self-checks on
Renewable
As renewable energy takes hold,
so does our ability to keep the power
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19
3. Small but powerful. This prototype handheld 3-D ultrasonic testing transducer is under development by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). Courtesy: EPRI
4. Real-time 3-D. EPRIs acoustic mouse has proven capable of generating high-quality
3-D scans in testing. Courtesy: EPRI
Technological Challenges
The challenges for a handheld 3-D UT
system are twofold: precise tracking of
the transducer positionnecessary for
3-D imagingand a portable transducer
design that allows high-resolution image capture at a reasonable level of data
processing. These functions, according
to EPRI, also needed to be integrated
within a hardware and software system supporting seamless operation of
manual scanning, position-tracking, 3-D
imaging, computer encoding, data visualization and analysis, and condition assessment technologies.
EPRI began work on the project in 2009,
recognizing that advances in ultrasonic
scanning developed for medical and geophysical applications held promise for UT
of power plant components. Developmental work has focused on improving signal
processing, pattern recognition, and other methods to support accurate position
tracking and data reconstruction.
Previous UT scanners required highchannel transducers for 3-D image reconstruction, while large ultrasonic apertures
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A Distasteful Brew
So whats all the fuss about? On the face of it, a 5 ppb change
may not seem significant, but in fact it is likely to have some
substantial impacts. Thats because the change moves a big
chunk of the country from attainment under the old standard to
nonattainment under the new one.
Ozone, an allotrope of oxygen composed of three oxygen atoms, is a compound that forms through chemical reactions involving sunlight and a variety of precursors. Those precursors
include an array of volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides
(NOx), and other substances that are emitted from power plants,
motor vehicles, and industrial processes.
Currently, around 100 million people in the U.S. live in areas that are in nonattainment for the old 75 ppb standard. At
the state level, 27 are in nonattainment, including the District
of Columbia. Critics suggest that the new standards could put
the majority of the U.S. population in nonattainment areas: 358
counties nationwide would currently be in nonattainment under
a 70 ppb standard.
The attainment status of a region matters because of what it
means for sources of pollution like power plants. A new source of
pollution that is proposed for an area in nonattainment must obtain a nonattainment new source review permit based on its lowest
achievable emission rate. In addition, a new source must arrange
for or purchase offsetting emissions reductions. This is a substan22
tially more difficult process than what is required for new projects
applying within attainment areas, which is essentially showing
that the plant will not cause the area to exceed the standard.
In practice, nonattainment tends to create a brisk market for
emissions reduction credits and other means of offsets, with
generators that are looking to build new plants often buying
old ones simply to shut them down and transfer the emissions
permit. (One example of this phenomenon is briefly discussed
in AES Uses Synchronous Condensers for Grid Balancing in
the March 2014 issue, in which attempts to secure replacement
power after the unexpected retirement of the San Onofre nuclear
plant were complicated by conflicting transactions for emissions
permits.) It should be obvious that this increases costs for new
plant projects, sometimes substantially.
Goldilocks Porridge
For all this, though, no reasonable person argues that ozone pollution isnt a problem worth addressing at some level. Because
ozone is a powerful oxidant, concentrations of it can have a number of impacts on human health, including respiratory and cardiovascular issues such as asthma. Health authorities generally
agree that these impacts can occur at levels as low as 60 ppba
level that groups such as the ALA were lobbying for. The World
Health Organization, in fact, recommends a 51 ppb limit.
Its clear that the EPA was at least considering a 60 ppb standard, since the proposed rule released in November 2014 solicited comments on such a limit. And comments it got: NAM
commissioned a study from National Economic Research Associates, which predicted economic effects that bordered on the
apocalyptic. Other critics have pointed out that certain areas,
especially California and other parts of the western U.S., have
naturally occurring levels of ozone that could make compliance
with even a 70 ppb standard in these regions impossible.
Its worth noting that the 70 ppb standard could have come
nearly a decade ago. The Bush EPAs Clean Air Scientific Advisory
Committee recommended a 60 ppb to 70 ppb standard in 2008,
and the EPA was prepared to issue such a new standard in 2011
before the Obama administration quashed the move, fearing the
economic effects would be too dire. That the new rule lowered
the standard only about as far as the EPA could do so and still
claim to be cutting it ought to say something.
Like the fairy tale of Goldilocks and her not-too-hot, not-toocold porridge, the Obama EPA seems to have established a track
record of splitting the difference on these kinds of environmental questions, among other things, scaling back the final Clean
Power Plan from the proposed rule and taking a similar tack with
the Coal Combustion Residuals rule issued earlier this year.
Obama may not be popular with the power sector at the moment, but generators might recognize that things could be a
whole lot worse.
Thomas W. Overton, JD is a POWER associate editor.
www.powermag.com
TOP PLANTS
Courtesy: Enbridge
Think Alberta is all about oil and gas? While fossil fuels remain a major component
of the provinces economy, wind is coming on strong as the federal and provincial
governments look to reduce the areas substantial carbon emissions. Alberta took a
big step toward that goal with commissioning of the largest wind farm in Western
Canada.
Thomas W. Overton, JD
24
wind farmschallenging.
Still, Alberta has more than 1,400 MW of
operating wind capacity, comprising 37 projects and just under 1,000 total turbines as of
September 2015, according to the Canadian
Wind Energy Association (CanWEA). Most
of these projects came online with the help of
federal production incentives.
Those totals rank Alberta third in the
nation for installed wind capacity, but the
numbers took a big jump in May 2014
when the largest wind farm in Western
Canada, and one of the largest in the country, began operations: The Blackspring
Ridge Wind Project about 31 miles north
of Lethbridge and 62 miles north of the
U.S. border.
www.powermag.com
Site Challenges
Development of Blackspring Ridge began in
the mid-2000s under Calgary-based Greengate Power. A 100-square-mile project site
was selected, and federal renewable energy
credits were sold to California utility Pacific
Gas & Electric under a 20-year agreement,
with the electricity sold into the Alberta
Power Pool under fixed contracts. The Alberta-based Climate Change and Emissions
Management Corp. committed C$10 million
in support of the project.
Mortenson Construction was tapped as the
engineering, procurement, and construction
contractor early on in the project. Mortensons substantial experience with wind
farmsits built well over 100 of them
TOP PLANTS
1. Blowout. Construction of the Blackspring Ridge project was interrupted by the 2013
2014 Polar Vortex, which sent temperature plunging and high winds and snow blowing across
the site. Courtesy: Terracana Foundation Solutions
POWER POINTS
Winning Attributes
Largest wind farm in Western
Canada
Project completed ahead of
schedule in a rapid 11 months,
despite severe winter weather
Successfully overcame
challenges with a sensitive native
prairie location and existing oil
and gas infrastructure
community and building support from residents of the village of Carmangay. Among
other efforts, Enbridge and EDF created the
Blackspring Ridge Community Fund, which
supports a variety of public and nonprofit organizations in the area.
The 300-MW project, comprising 166
Vestas V100 1.8-MW turbines, began construction in May 2013. At the time, it was
the largest order Vestas had received in Canada. Altalink would supply the interconnection and HD Supply most of the electrical
equipment.
TOP PLANTS
26
TOP PLANTS
1. One bucket at a time. Concrete
mixed at the batch plant was delivered to the
site via truck and transferred to the 8-cubic-yard
bucket so it could be dumped into the forms.
Courtesy: Derek Olsen/Barnard Construction
Pulling Together
Barnard Construction was selected as the
general contractor for the project. One of the
first challenges it faced when construction
began in November 2012 was that the steep,
narrow canyon in which the dam sat had no
access on one side. Therefore, all equipment
had to be delivered across the dam by crane.
Barnard sourced a 600-ton lattice crawler
crane from Alaska Crane for the job. With a
boom length of 396 feet, it was the largest
crane operating in Alaska at the time. The
Timeframe
Mar. 2008
Mar.Apr. 2008
SpringFall 2008
Scoping process
Sept.Oct. 2008
Mar. 2010
Mar. 2010
Advertise construction
July 2012
Construction started
Nov. 2012
Construction completed
Nov. 2014
POWER POINTS
Winning Attributes
Work completed while dam and
previous powerhouse remained
in service supplying vital
electricity for the island
Overcame weather and seasonal
challenges to complete project
on schedule and within budget
it did curtain grouting in the left and right
dam abutments to reduce the permeability of
rock formations, and installed rock anchors
to stabilize both abutments. Near the base of
the dam, Crux completed micropile installation to support the plunge pool scour wall.
The company also installed pressure relief
wells and drilled exploratory core holes from
within the new drainage tunnel.
Inside the new powerhouse building, three
Gilkes G150 Francis reaction turbines fitted
with hydraulic actuators were installed. Each
of the machines was commissioned to run at
5.3 MW, but they have the potential to run
at 9 MW each, if future demand warrants a
change. The turbine-generator protection and
control system, programmable logic controllerbased droop/isochronous governor controllers, and auxiliary equipment control and
monitoring was designed, manufactured, and
commissioned by British Columbiabased
Unit Electrical Engineering.
Gilkes is actually a British firm, Orbison
said. Much of the equipment for this project
came from all over the worldItaly, France,
Canada. The generators came from the United States.
TOP PLANTS
Briefly the worlds largest solar photovoltaic plant, Desert Sunlight remains an example of how California is charging ahead with its shift to renewable energy. Though
the road has not been without bumps, First Solar has shown how these giant projects can be brought to operation safely and efficiently.
Thomas W. Overton, JD
ust how fast are things moving in solar?
When we received the nomination for
the massive Desert Sunlight Solar Farm
in late April, the 550-MW facility was the
largest solar power plant in the world, sharing the title with MidAmerican Energy Holdings Topaz Solar Farm. Yet by the time this
article went into production in mid-October,
it had already lost that crown to Californias
579-MW Solar Star plant, which came online
in June.
Statistics from the Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA) demonstrate the
staggering growth in solar photovoltaic
(PV) generation in the U.S. over the past
few years. In early 2013, the U.S. celebrated
reaching 10 GW of installed PV capacity.
California alone passed that figure in 2015.
The large majority of that growth has been
at utility scale, which has been dominated
by ever-larger plantsthe 550 MW of generation at Desert Sunlight is more than the
total nationwide capacity installed as of
mid-2008. The U.S. reached 20 GW of installed capacity this year, yet even that number is projected by the SEIA to be doubled
yet again by the end of 2016 (some of the
28
2015 Exxon Mobil Corporation. All rights reserved. All trademarks used herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of Exxon Mobil Corporation or one of its affiliates unless otherwise noted.
TOP PLANTS
POWER POINTS
Winning Attributes
Largest solar photovoltaic plant
in the world at commercial
operation
Successfully managed the
challenges of building a large
plant in a sensitive desert
ecosystem
Leveraged advances in
solar panel efficiency and
manufacturing processes to
shrink footprint and accelerate
construction
The FWS released its Biological Opinion on Desert Sunlight in July 2011, and the
BLM issued a right-of-way to proceed with
construction in August.
Innovative Construction
Power from Desert Sunlight was sold to
Southern California Edison (250 MW for
20 years) and Pacific Gas & Electric (300
MW for 30 years) under two power purchase
agreements. Several key events for the project took place in September 2011, beginning
with the start of construction.
On September 29, the Department of Energys Loan Programs Office (LPO) approved
two partial loan guarantees totaling $1.5 billion, provided by a syndicate of private in-
1. Modular power. Unlike the more common crystalline silicon photovoltaic panels, Desert Sunlight uses First Solars cadmium-telluride thin-film solar technology. First Solar developed
a pre-paneled module design for Desert Sunlight that allowed installation of eight modules at
once. Courtesy: First Solar
www.powermag.com
@amec_fw
https://www.linkedin.com/company/amecfw
www.youtube.com/user/amecfw
https://www.facebook.com/amecfw
TOP PLANTS
Courtesy: K-water
The worlds largest power-producing tidal barrage revitalized an unsuccessful manmade reservoir that was once known as The Lake of Death.
Sonal Patel
rom space, the 12.7-kilometer (km)
Sihwa Lake tidal barrage that houses a
400-meter (m)-long tidal power plant
looks like a delicate strand stretched across
one of many bays and inlets characterizing
the craggy coastline of Gyeonggi Bay in the
Korean Peninsulas northwestern region. On
site, however, there is no question that the
254-MW tidal power plant designed to reap
energy from the highest tides in the vast Yellow Sea is a marvel of engineering.
Thats why its curious that the $355 million tidal power plantthe first of its kind
in South Korea, and the largest in the world
since construction of Frances 240-MW La
Rance tidal power plant in 1965was conceived as an afterthought.
In 1994, South Korea created the 56.5-
32
their plans, opening a sluice to allow seawater to regularly flush the basin.
That move prompted South Korean governmental water authority Korea Water Resources Corp. (then KOWACO, and recently
renamed K-water) to step in and propose a
tidal power barrage that uses a single-effect
flood generation method and allows up to
60 billion tons of seawater to be circulated
annually.
By December 2002, the project was approved, and precisely two years later, in
2004, construction began. Seven years after
that, in December 2011, K-waters Sihwa
Lake tidal power plant was connected to the
grid, equipped with 10 bulb-type generator
units (each 25.4 MW) that produce about
552.7 GWh annually.
TOP PLANTS
1. Stages of construction. 1. View of dike before construction (December 2004). 2. The
circular cell-type cofferdam (2005). 3. Building the turbine generator structures (2008). 4. The
sluice gate structure. 5. A birds eye view (June 2009). 6. Turbine installation ceremony (November 2009). 7. The powerhouse is ready for dry tests (2010). 8. Impounding. 9. Watering of units
(April 2011). Courtesy: Daewoo Engineering & Construction, Andritz Hydro
POWER POINTS
Winning Attributes
Repurposing an unsuccessful
freshwater reservoir project for
renewable power
Pioneering design and
construction technology and
methods
Inspiring future projects
mode, Andritz said. It required a sophisticated programming of the power plant control, the company said.
Construction of the project proved just as
cumbersome. Work needed to progress simultaneously at each of the 10 units, requiring an assortment of resources and careful
time management. Andritz recalled that due
to the tides there were restricted periods for
wet commissioning, for example.
And because it is one of the first of its kind,
plant operator K-water is continually finding
new ways to handle problems. One challenge
encountered just months after operation began was the realization that when the turbines
were paused while the tide was out, they
quickly accumulated marine life growth that
affected performance significantly. Frequent
cleaning resolved that quickly, however.
TOP PLANTS
Courtesy: KenGen
Kenya plans to produce the bulk of its electricity from geothermal power. The recent
280-MW expansion at its Olkaria fields has shown how beneficial the indigenous,
renewable energy source can be.
Sonal Patel
he Great Rift Valley is a massive continental fault system that runs 6,000
kilometers (km) from Mozambique
to Jordan. In Kenya, the East African nation that is neatly halved by the equator, the
Rift Valley is a distinguishing topographical
feature, a literal vertical divide that is the
source of stunning panoramasflamingoflecked lakes, shrub-stippled escarpments,
craggy mountains, and dramatic, rust-colored
gorgesall formed over eons by the shifting
faults and erosion.
But, under the surface, the ground continues to roil, particularly around Olkariaa region characterized by hot springs, fumaroles,
searing rocks, and sulfur-oozing fissures. The
hotspot lies in the Naivasha sub-basin of the
Rift Valley, in the vicinity of a national park
aptly named Hells Gate.
To determine its power-producing potential, in the late 1950sabout five years before Kenya gained her independence from
Britainthe government successfully drilled
two exploratory wells in the area to a depth of
about 950 meters (m). Nearly 10 years later,
it teamed with the United Nations to assess
34
A Hot Job
Plans for the expansion are directly rooted
in the governments ambitions to meet soaring demand for power. KenGen contracted
Japans Toyota Tsusho Corp. and South Korean firm Hyundai Engineering & Construction Co. to manage the 280-MW Olkaria
phase, including engineering, procurement,
and construction, in November 2011. The
TOP PLANTS
POWER POINTS
Winning Attributes
1. The oldest (and the newest). Kenyas first geothermal planta 15-MW unitwas
commissioned in 1981. By 1985, state-owned generator KenGen had added two more 15-MW
turbogenerators at the site. This February, it commissioned two more 70-MW units. Courtesy:
Toshiba Corp.
A Much-Needed Boost
Before the project was carried out, Kenya had
already installed about 241 MW of geothermal power. However, the expansion provided
KenGen experience and technical training in
36
16th Annual
YES
If your answer is
to any of these questions,
you need to be in New Orleans
this April.
TOP PLANTS
Thermal storage is often touted as the future of concentrating solar power (CSP),
but it turns out there are other ways of delivering firm dispatchable CSP-generated
power. A unique plant in Spain has gone the hybrid route, combining CSP with biomass generation fired with the regions ample agricultural wastes.
Thomas W. Overton, JD
38
Hybrid Potential
CSPs key advantage over solar photovolatic
(PV) generation is that it is less senstitive to
intermittencies of sunlight. A CSP systems
thermal inertia means it can keep generating
when clouds pass over briefly, and though
TOP PLANTS
1. Hybrid power. The three boilers supply a single steam turbine, regardless of the source
of energy, allowing the plant to operate around the clock. Courtesy: MAN Diesel and Turbo
POWER POINTS
Winning Attributes
First plant in the world to
combine concentrating solar
power and biomass generation
Produces dispatchable renewable
energy around the clock
regardless of weather conditions
Uniquely located to leverage
ample insolation and abundant
sources of biomass
CSP Synergy
Focus then turned to the plants design.
A CSP plant has four main components:
The solar field, where the reflectorsin this
case, parabolic troughscollect the solar radiation and transfer it to a heat transfer fluid
(HTF); the power block, where the thermal
energy in the fluid is used to create steam and
drive a turbine; the electrical block, where
power is generated and sent to the grid; and
the balance-of-plant (BOP) systems. A biomass plant, by contrast, has some different
elements: In addition to its thermal block, it
must also have systems for intake and processing of its feedstock.
The designers of Termosolar Borges
sought to integrate the two designs thermal
and electrical blocks. The plants two hybrid
boilers are able to use either the HTF or biomass to generate steam, depending on the
time of day and the weather conditions. In
Comsa Emte served as their own engineering, procurement, and construction suppliers,
while other BOP systems were supplied by
Weber-Hydraulik (hydraulic systems), Ideas
en Metal (piping and structural elements),
and Saidi (valves).
Termosolar Borges operates mainly on
woody biomass sourced from forestry waste
from various locations in Catalonia, as well
as agricultural waste products. Total intake is
66,000 tons per year at an average 45% moisture content. The biomass is shredded and
dried before being burned in the boiler.
REGULATORY COMPLIANCE
The Update
Its been a decade since the EPA first identified the power industrys ELGs for study and
a potential update. And on September 30,
2015, after 10 long years of studying, surveying, and debating, the EPA administrator
signed the final ELGs rule for the steam electric power generating point source category
and submitted it for publication in the Federal Register. The result? Lots of expected
updates and a few surprising changes.
Heres the brief background of this new
rule. The steam electric power generating
point source category ELGs rule regulates
wastewater discharges from fossil- and nuclear-powered steam generating plants whose
primary purpose is to generate electricity for
distribution and sale, and that discharge to
a surface water body via a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
40
additional
regulation
www.powermag.com
of
nonchemical metal-cleaning wastes was proposed in the draft version of the rule, the EPA
reserved this category of wastewater for future consideration. That decision was based
on comments received from the industry and
a general lack of data on the waste stream.
Regulators will still be expected to use their
best professional judgment when determining
limits for discharge of these wastewaters.
The first three ELG updates ban FGMC
wastewaters, fly ash transport waters, and
bottom ash transport waters from being discharged to surface water bodies or POTWs.
FGMC wastewaters include any process
wastewater generated from an air pollution
control system installed or operated for the
purpose of removing mercury from flue gas.
This refers to the sluice or transport waters
used to transfer the mercury adsorbent (usually activated carbon) from the collection
hoppers to an impoundment. In the previous
version of the rule, these wastewaters were
included as low-volume wastewaters. Now
theyre one of the streams (along with FGD
wastewater, IGCC wastewater, and CCR
leachate) being removed from the low-volume
waste category to be regulated individually.
In the final rule update, FGMC wastewaters
are a stand-alone category. The EPA set dry
handling systems as the technology basis for
regulation and established a zero-discharge
policy for new and existing sources generating this wastewater stream.
Bottom ash and fly ash sluice or transport
waters are also zero-discharge streams under
the updated ELG rule. Fly and bottom ash
transport systems will need to be converted to
the EPA technology basis options of dry handling or closed loop systemsor use other alternatives that do not necessitate discharge of
ash transport wastewaters. However, the EPA
did allow for ash transport waters to be reused
within the plant on a very limited basis as an
REGULATORY COMPLIANCE
Table 1. Summary of technology basis and limitations for new effluent
limitation guidelines (ELGs). Source: HDR Inc.
Type
Current rule
"New rule
BAT/PSES (existing
sources)
New rule
NSPS/PSNS (new
sources)
Impoundment
Chemical precipitation +
biological treatment
Evaporation
Included as low-volume
waste
Impoundment
Dry handling
Dry handling
Zero discharge
Zero discharge
Impoundment
Dry handling/closed
loop
Zero discharge
Zero discharge
CCR leachate
Impoundment
Impoundment
Chemical precipitation
Included as low-volume
waste
Impoundment
Dry handling
Dry handling
Included as low-volume
waste
Zero discharge
Zero discharge
FGD wastewater
FGMC wastewater
IGCC wastewater
Non-chemical metal
cleaning wastes
Impoundment
Evaporation
Evaporation
Included as low-volume
waste
Notes: BAT/PSES = best available technology/ pretreatment standards for existing sources, CCR = coal combustion
residuals, FGD = flue gas desulfurization, FGMC = flue gas mercury control system, IGCC = integrated gasification
combined cycle, NSPS/PSNS = New Source Performance Standards/ Pretreatment Standards for New Sources.
REGULATORY COMPLIANCE
Table 2. ELG numerical limits. Source: HDR Inc.
Flue gas desulfurization wastewater
(existing sources)
Arsenic (ppb)
Arsenic (ppb)*
30-day average
30-day average
Daily maximum
11
Daily maximum
11
Mercury (ppt)
Mercury (ppt)*
30-day average
356
30-day average
356
Daily maximum
788
Daily maximum
788
Selenium (ppb)
30-day average
12
30-day average
30
Daily maximum
23
Daily maximum
100
Nitrite-nitrate (ppm as N)
30-day average
4.4
30-day average
15
Daily maximum
17
Daily maximum
20
Arsenic (ppb)
Arsenic (ppb)
30-day average
NA
30-day average
NA
Daily maximum
Daily maximum
Mercury (ppt)
Mercury (ppt)
30-day average
24
30-day average
1.3
Daily maximum
39
Daily maximum
1.8
Selenium (ppb)
Selenium (ppb)
30-day average
NA
30-day average
227
Daily maximum
Daily maximum
453
30-day average
22
50
Daily maximum
38
REGULATORY COMPLIANCE
1. Timeline. The rule was published Nov. 3 and is effective Jan. 4, 2016. Courtesy: HDR Inc.
1. Evaluate the Impact of All Regulations. Over the past few years, the EPA has
www.powermag.com
GENERATION TRANSITIONS
An Existential Challenge?
It could be an existential challenge for Seminole. In an August interview, a Tampa Bay
Times reporter asked Johnson, Could costs
get so high that the cooperative would be
forced to disband or be sold? She answered,
Its too soon to know if that is an option or
one that we would pursue. But it is a potential outcome for the cooperative.
In congressional testimony this spring,
Johnson told the House Energy and Commerce Committee, Seminole, in particular,
would suffer substantial harm as a result of
EPAs proposal, a reality that EPA has failed
to, but must, address. The final EPA rule, issued this fall, doesnt provide Johnson with
much additional clarity about how it will
affect her organization, although the overall
thrust remains negative.
Were still sorting through the details,
she said in a POWER interview in October.
Its a little bit early to make definitive conclusions, she said. We are certainly looking
toward the state and whatever the state of
Florida plans to do in terms of issuing a [state
implementation plan] or not.
So far, she said, Seminole has not heard
44
GENERATION TRANSITIONS
3. Added gas. Gas fuels 800 MW of
2. Coal, as required by federal policy. Coal fuels the 1,300-MW Seminole Generating Station in Putnam County, Fla., providing more than half of the cooperatives power. The
plant was built when the Power Plant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978 banned all new oil- or
gas-fired generating facilities. Courtesy: Seminole Electric Cooperative
www.powermag.com
Adding Gas
Seminoles other generating asset is the 810MW Richard J. Midulla station, a gas-fired
facility in south-central Florida (Figure 3).
This plant consists of a 500-MW combined
cycle generator that came into service in 2002
(operating at a 50% to 70% capacity factor)
and 310 MW of combustion turbine peaking
capacity added in 2006 (five Pratt & Whitney
aero-derivative combustion turbines).
GENERATION TRANSITIONS
cost of these losses, in addition to the cost of replacement generation, would be borne by its members and their consumers. She told
POWER that SGS has a useful life of 30 more years. Also, the G&T
has debt that goes out almost that long, based on the incremental
investments in the plant. The systems debt totals some $900 million
and carries a solid A3 rating from Moodys.
According to Johnson, the loans tied to the Seminole coal plant
construction and upgrades account for more than 75% of Seminoles
total outstanding debt. If the co-op had to shut down the coal plant
before the end of its useful life to meet EPA rules, she said, The
member cooperatives would be burdened with paying off the debt but
with no revenues to support the payments.
In her testimony, Johnson noted a particular irony. Seminole
built SGS in 1984 pursuant to the requirements of the federal Power
Plant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978, which forbade new power
plants from using oil or natural gas and encouraged the use of coal.
That law has long-since been repealed. The federal government, she
said, left Seminole with only coal to meet its growing demand for
power and the legal obligation to serve its customers. That was federal
government energy policy. As a result, she said, Seminole reasonably expected that its coal-fired generation . . . would not be regulated
out of the market (by the very government that required it to build a
coal-fired plant) during its useful life.
Closing Seminoles plant could also cause congestion in Floridas
transmission system, Johnson said. The shift of the generating mix
to gas dominance would upset the topology of Floridas unique peninsular grid. Regional studies performed to evaluate the dispatch of
natural gasfired plants versus coal in an uneconomic fashion resulted
in severe transmission congestion throughout the Florida region, she
said. The bulk transmission system was designed around baseload
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coal generation. Dispatching out of economics (such as making todays intermediate-class units run at baseload) would cause power
swings to flow across transmission lines/corridors that were not designed to transport baseload generation.
Can Seminole import power from existing, third-party generation
to solve its problems? Unlikely, said Johnson. Seminoles experience
in trying to contract with third parties via purchase power transactions
from existing generating facilities has shown on multiple occasions
that the existing transmission system interconnected to these respective facilities is congested, and it is not economically feasible.
The Tampa-based G&T buys power from the 600-MW gas-fired
Osprey plant in Auburndale, Fla., which Calpine recently sold to Duke
Energy. Seminole also had a contract for 13% of Dukes 840-MW
Crystal River nuclear plant. Duke, which inherited the long-troubled
Crystal River plant when it bought Progress Energy, decided to close
the plant in 2013.
As Johnson sees it, natural gas is the likely path forward if the coal capacity has to close prematurely. Natural gas is the most available choice,
she said, not only for coal generation replacement but new generation
down the road. Florida is about 65% dependent on natural gas today, and
the EPA plan could push that to 85% by the mid-2020s, by Seminoles
estimates. The lack of diversity of fuel sources to generate electricity is
a big concern, Johnson told the Tampa Bay Times in August.
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myPOWER
Sign up at powermag.com
my
t is true that electric motors and transformers are some of the most dependable
pieces of equipment installed at power
plants. They can, in many cases, withstand
a high level of mistreatment while continuing to operate reliably. It is for exactly that
reason, however, that the equipment often
does not receive the maintenance attention
that it deserves.
When electrical equipment fails, it usually
does so quickly and catastrophically. Doug
Ostafichuk, product line leadermotor and
generator repair services for GEs Industrial
Solutions business, likened motor condition
to the health of a person. He said a welltreated and maintained motor is likely to
operate continuously and reliably for a long
period of time, but treat it poorly or abuse it,
and although it may not immediately show
outward issues, its life and performance will
be degraded.
1. Real-time info. Transformer monitors, such as the Siemens transformer monitoring and
diagnostic system, visible on the near end of this transformer to the left of the fire extinguisher,
report valuable data, such as online dissolved gas-in-oil analysis, moisture, thermal parameters,
bushing condition, and cooling performance, to identify problems and home in on causal relationships, including leaks. Courtesy: Siemens Energy Management Customer Services
www.powermag.com
Confirming that equipment is being operated within the original design expectations
can pay dividends. Damage to insulation and
components may not be immediately apparent, but it is a proven fact that machines operated beyond design conditions do not last
as long as machines run within operating parameters defined by the OEM.
Maintain Adequate Cooling Airflow.
Nol-Tec Systems
your partner in handling success
sales@nol-tec.com
www.nol-tec.com
www.powermag.com
49
4. Tools of the trade. This electric motor is being disassembled for repair. It is important to evaluate a shops capability before
trusting its staff with your rebuild. Courtesy:
GE Industrial Solutions
www.powermag.com
As part of the process, the worker who completed the job was required to sign documentation indicating what was done. Courtesy:
GE Industrial Solutions
Refurbishing Motors
As part of any good motor management program, machines should be refurbished at a
qualified service center when required. There
are a wide range of options available, from
single-site mom and pop organizations to
large, sophisticated repair and service center networks managed by OEMs. Large networks may have more advanced technology,
special access to certain drawings, tighter
breakers looked like new. When the counterfeit breakers were discovered and tested,
at least one failed catastrophically. (To see a
12-second video of the test online, visit: bit.
ly/EatonBkrTest.)
It is in everyones best interest for the
manufacturer to be notified whenever someone discovers equipment suspected of being
counterfeit. Most manufacturers have the
resources to investigate the fraud and put an
end to the activity. In some cases, counterfeiting operations fund some sort of other illegal activities. Grace said organized crime,
gangs, or even terrorists could profit from
these schemes.
We cant fix it unless we hear about it,
Grace said.
Transformer Repairs
7. Up, up, and away! This image shows the shell being removed prior to workers moving
the transformer inside the building. Courtesy: GE Industrial Solutions
Counterfeits
Tom Grace, brand protection manager at Eaton
Electrical SectorAmericas, emphasized the
importance of purchasing authentic parts. He
said that easily more than half of the counterfeit products that he receives and tests have
some sort of critical performance failure.
Independent resellers, people outside of
the typical manufacturers distribution channels, or people who deal in used or reconditioned equipment are typically the ones who
find they are more exposed to counterfeit
goods, Grace said.
The problem is that fraudulent parts are
not held to the same quality control standards. If a motor starter or circuit breaker is
constructed using will-fit or knockoff parts
that have inferior materials, the risk of failure
52
increases substantially. A starter often controls a more sophisticated motor that is much
more expensive than the starter itself, so a
failure could cost significantly more than the
cost avoided by purchasing a cheaper starter.
The same could be said for a counterfeit circuit breaker that fails to trip.
We have an electronic tool for verifying authenticity of molded-case breakers up
to 400 amps, Grace said. We have nuclear
qualifiers that use the tool quite extensively,
so even though they source directly from
Eaton, we find them authenticating every
product that they receive.
Although a lot of counterfeit parts originate in China, Grace said they could come
from almost anywhere. He recalled a case
in which an individual was using scavenged
parts and pieces to fraudulently recondition
circuit breakers in West Virginia. The person
bought covers for the breakers that matched
an upgraded model and installed them so the
www.powermag.com
Thermal cycling of transformers due to loading and/or ambient changes will eventually
cause physical changes to the insulation, gaskets, and other accessories. Some experts
believe that periodic power factor measurement is the single most valuable indication
of a transformers overall insulation health,
including oil, paper, and bushings. The value
and/or the rate of value change can indicate if
something inside the transformer is malfunctioning that could lead to premature failure.
The heads-up could mean the difference between a one- or two-day repair outage versus several weeks offline for replacement, if
a spare is readily available. (Lead times for
large power transformers are approximately
one year.)
When a transformer requires repair, Engstrom suggested that managers consider upgrades based on current and potential needs.
Some possible improvements include the following:
SOLAR POWER
1. Small but significant. The 2-MW Nixon solar farm in Columbia, Md., is typical of large
community and commercial solar photovoltaic systems that are becoming an increasing challenge for utilities needing to manage grid stability. Courtesy: SunEdison
Multiple Options
So how do you get a lot of intermittent generation on the grid without causing problems?
As with many other things in the power sector, the devil is in the details.
C.J. Colavito, director of engineering for
Standard Solar, has had a lot of experience
connecting medium-to-large commercial
PV systems to the grid. As he explained to
POWER in an interview at the Solar Power
International conference in Anaheim, Calif.,
in September, a lot depends on where your
system is located.
The proximity to the substation is an important factor for evaluating how the system
is going to affect the grid, he said, because
the closer you are to the substation, the more
firm the voltage is from the substation trans-
www.powermag.com
53
SOLAR POWER
proportionately, and at an equal rate as the
system ramps down, and that has a dampening effect on voltage fluctuation.
2. Lack of unity. Like Standard Solars 2.5-MW solar photovoltaic plant in Cecil County, Md.
(now owned by TerraForm Power), more large commercial plants are being designed to operate at
non-unity power factors in order to dampen voltage fluctuations. Courtesy: Standard Solar
Smart Inverters
Colavito said its becoming common for large
commercial solar PV systems to operate at
fixed PFs down to 0.95, sometimes as low as
0.9, and Standard Solar has begun taking this
into account with its system design (Figure
2). Nearly all smart inverters on the market
now are capable of this kind of operation, and
string inverters used on larger systems up to 5
MW and 10 MW are adding the capability.
The manufacturers have done a really
good job of integrating a lot of really advanced smart integration features into their
inverters, which allows them to be more flexible, and its built into the inverters whether
you require it or not, he said. Were now at
a stage where its a function of the utilities
getting the ability to access and work with
these smart inverters.
Right now, these systems are capable of
a lot more functions than utilities are calling
up. Colavito likened the situation to that of a
teenager being given a Lamborghini for his
first car and leaving it in second gear.
But making non-unity work has some
tradeoffs. By definition, this sort of operation
has more apparent power than real power.
That means the system has to be designed
around that parameter.
If your inverter power is listed in kVA
[reactive power], and youre operating at
non-unity so that kW is not equal to kVA,
Colavito said, then my actual kW is going
to be less. So if my inverter set is good for 2
MVA, and Im running at 0.95, Im not going
to get 2 MW of power output.
Because of that, solar PV system engineers have to know ahead of time what utilities expect from them.
If we understand what they want to do in
terms of curtailment, power factor, or ramprate control at the beginning, its not really
a problem for us, he said. It is a problem
when its late in the game, we have a plan
in place, and now you want to introduce all
this, because it will have a financial impact
on the project performance. If we plan for it
up front, we can build in extra inverter capacity for a pretty small amount.
That means project planners and utilities
have to start working together very early on
in the process, he said, both for proper engineering and to educate the utility about what
the system is capable of.
As PV panel prices continue to fall, however, Colavito sees another method of PV
grid integration on the horizon, one that turns
some traditional power generation conventions on their head: Substantially oversizing
54
SOLAR POWER
3. Backstop. Pacific Gas & Electrics 4-MW, 24-MWh Yerba Buena Energy Storage System
uses S&C Electric Co. PureWave SMS Storage Management System and NGK sodium sulfur
batteries to help balance the substantial solar photovoltaic generation in the area. Courtesy:
S&C Electric Co.
www.powermag.com
55
GAS-FIRED POWER
Clean-Up Time
Jeff Fassett of IEM Energy Consultants, who
spoke to POWER in October, recommended
that plant operators think first about cleanliness.
Fassett pointed out that a substantial
portion of a turbines energy is used by the
56
1. Clean sweep. The differences in turbine blade fouling from operating with different filters can be dramatic. The left photo shows turbine blades after 8,000 hours with a HEPA filter;
the right photo, after 2,000 hours with a standard filter. Courtesy: AAF International
late matter into the turbine and that everything getting into the compressor that doesnt
belong there degrades both short-term and
long-term performance.
Fassett has worked with plant managers
to upgrade their turbine filters, which usually
involves a retrofit, depending on the configuration of the filter house.
A number of companies currently market gas turbine HEPA filters. Louisville,
Ky.based AAF, which has supplied HEPA
filters for more than 50 F-class turbines
worldwide, estimates that using these filters can recover 6% of the power output
normally lost to engine fouling. With HEPA
filters, time between turbine cleaning cycles can be at least 8,000 hours (Figure 1).
Though the use of HEPA filters results in
a larger pressure differential, the initial
power loss is more than compensated for
by substantially increased cleanliness and
reduced downtime.
Bill Lovejoy, chief engineer for engineering services firm NAES, concurred on the
importance of maintaining cleanliness, not
just because of impact on the turbine blades
but also because of the effects dirty filters
GAS-FIRED POWER
2. Autopilot. The ECOMAX automated combustion tuning system is capable of monitoring
a range of key turbine operating parameters and keeping output within a specified range to
avoid emissions problems and to maintain peak performance. Courtesy: EthosEnergy
Operational Adjustments
Another performance element Fassett recommends that operators think about is the
low-load setpoints on their gas turbines
not just because of effects on the gas turbine but also the downstream effects on the
steam turbine.
When the steam turbine is operating at
low loads, you can exhaust the thermal energy before the steam reaches the final stages
and get condensation. That can cause erosion
of the turbine blades.
Fassett said low-load setpoints for the gas
turbines need to consider effects not just on
the turbines themselves but also on the rest
of the plant.
Aftermarket Add-Ons
In addition to relatively simple tweaks, there
are more sophisticated aftermarket tuning solutions that can be added to existing plants.
EthosEnergy has marketed its ECOMAX
automated combustion tuning system for several years. ECOMAX is designed to address
performance instabilities that can result from
manual tuning to maintain emissions compliance, particularly for NOx. Operating with
lean premixed flames in the combustor keeps
NOx low but can cause instability in combustion dynamics, which can damage turbine
components over time. These instabilities are
exacerbated by large ambient temperature
swingscommon in many areas where gas
is a major element of the power mix, such as
the U.S. Southwest and West Coastas well
as by fuel quality and instrument drift. When
the operating envelope strays outside the optimized range, performance will suffer and
emissions can fall out of compliance.
EthosEnergy says the ECOMAX TruCurve package can improve heat rate by
0.20% to 0.25% and boost power output by
up to 11 MW, depending on the size of the
plant.
Another, more outside-the-box upgrade
is the Turbophase compressed air peaking
power system. Offered by Jupiter, Fla.
based Powerphase, the Turbophase unit
uses a separate reciprocating engine to
add additional compression to the turbine
air inlet, without the use of steam or water injection, which can cause operational
issues. Powerphase says this system allows faster peaking response than existing
options, allowing 10% to 20% additional
peaking power capability and up to 7% heat
rate improvement, depending on the model
of turbine. (For more on Turbophase, see
Quickly Boost Your Combustion Turbine
Response in the October 2014 issue, online at powermag.com.)
WATER TREATMENT
www.powermag.com
WATER TREATMENT
Table 1. Example raw water characteristics for a coal-to-chemical
wastewater stream. Source: Oasys Water
Parameter
Chemical oxygen demand
Raw wastewater
from plant (mg/L)
100300
Suspended solids
<100
Aluminum (Al)
15
Arsenic (As)
<1
Cadmium (Cd)
<1
Chromium (Cr)
<1
Nickel (Ni)
<1
Zinc (Zn)
<1
Lead (Pb)
<1
Potassium (K)
450550
Mercury (Hg)
<1
Silica (SiO2)
1020
Sulfide
<1
Iron (Fe)
15
CORROSION RESISTANCE
200300
Ammonium (NH4+)
Sodium (Na)
10,00015,000
1,0005,500
Calcium (Ca)
2,0003,000
5,00010,000
Magnesium (Mg)
Nitrate (NO3-)
7001,000
Chloride (Cl-)
10,00015,000
Fluoride (F-)
FLUIDS
LUBRIZOL TECHNOLOGY
60120
12,00018,000
TDS
45,00055,000
Corzan HP is a high-pressure, high-temperature, high-impactstrength piping system engineered with Lubrizols specially formulated
chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) compounds that meet the
ASTM D1784 certification for 24448 cell class. Its the first pipe
that meets ASTM F441 material classification 4120-06, with a
pressure rating 25% higher than standard CPVC at 180F (82C).
Follow us
on Twitter
@LZ_CPVC
See how the details on the inside make all the difference on the
outside. Call a piping systems consultant at 1.216.447.7397
or visit corzancpvc.com to learn more.
2014 The Lubrizol Corporation, all rights reserved. All marks are the property of The Lubrizol Corporation.
The Lubrizol Corporation is a Berkshire Hathaway company.
GC 140681
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59
WATER TREATMENT
2. Typical process flows for Indian ZLD applications. Courtesy: Oasys Water
Leverage branded content from Power Magazine to create a more powerful and
sophisticated statement about your product, service, or company in your next marketing
campaign. Contact Wrights Media to find out more about how we can customize your
acknowledgements and recognitions to enhance your marketing strategies.
For information, call Wrights Media at 877.652.5295 or visit our website at www.wrightsmedia.com
60
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WATER TREATMENT
FO systems feeding a new breed of thin-film,
precipitating crystallizers. Example process
flows are shown in Figure 2.
The trend for companies in the larger industrial wastewater markets such as petroleum, power, and steel is to move to higher
levels of water recovery in their operations.
Additional water recovery from RO reject
streams and treatment to higher recovery for
cooling tower blowdown are two examples.
As a result of this trend toward higher levels
of industrial water reuse, together with general industrial sector growth in India, GWI
predicts a doubling of demand in India for industrial wastewater treatment spending, from
$1 billion in 2013 to $2 billion in 2020. For
the power industry in particular, growth will
be higherfrom approximately $150 million
in 2013 to almost $500 million in 2020.
Power and industrial users of recirculating cooling systems are increasingly exploring ways to recover and reuse cooling tower
blowdown to reduce makeup water requirements and to reduce discharge volumes.
Cooling water reuse is on the roadmaps of
companies as diverse as the large petrochemicals producers, including Shell and BP, to
large data center operators such as Google
and Amazon. FO and other technologies that
can economically process complex wastewater streams such as cooling tower blowdown
and recover additional quantities of freshwater are in a position to provide significant
value for new and existing industrial plants.
ZLD and high-recovery treatment processes in the U.S. power industry have been
employed in recent projects to help streamline the path to project approval and to help
more easily navigate the permitting process.
Panda Power Funds, for example, recently
built combined cycle plants in Temple and
Sherman, Texas, and incorporated ZLD in
the Sherman plant and high-recovery brine
concentration in the Temple plant for cooling
water blowdown and boiler feedwater plant
waste streams. (See the September 2015 issue
of POWER, where these plants are profiled as
gas-fired Top Plant Award winners.) In both
cases, the designs reduced the volume of in-
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61
FUNDAMENTALS
2. Lopsided fuel distribution. This test data shows pulverizer fuel flow rates measured during an actual test. The fuel distribution is poor in this case. It should be balanced within
plus or minus 10%. Source: Storm Technologies
Burner 1 Burner 2 Burner 3 Burner 4 Burner 5 Burner 6
Reinforced
tubing
Coal
flow
To air supply
Filter canister
assembly
Cyclone
separator
Sample
container
Test cart
62
14,000
12,000
10,000
1 full ported
ball valve
Dustless Pointer denotes
connector sample tip
High pressure
location
Orifice connection
Low pressure
assembly
connection
within the range of plus or minus 10%. However, in our experience, it is common to find
fuel fineness that is well below 65% passing
through a 200-mesh sieve and more than 1%
remaining on a 50-mesh sieve. Furthermore, it
is common to see fuel imbalances that exceed
plus or minus 30% to the burners.
Figure 2 shows data from an actual test.
In this particular case, the fuel had unacceptable fineness, which contributes significantly
to poor distribution.
Once the data are compiled, out-of-specification readings must be investigated. An
internal inspection should be completed to
check the wear of grinding elements and
classifier housings, vanes, and other internal
components. Also, check for foreign matter
that might be blocking fuel flow paths. Any
problems identified should be corrected.
Achieving best fuel balance is done by
first balancing the system resistance in all
of the fuel lines using orifices and then increasing fuel fineness. Figure 3 shows the
typical results of this approach to fuel balancing. Of course, internal pulverizer blue
printing to best mechanical tolerances and
optimizing an accurate and repeatable air/
fuel ration is also important.
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
Mill A
www.powermag.com
Mill B
Mill C
Mill D
FUNDAMENTALS
3. Getting things back in line. This graph shows a typical relationship between fuel line dis-
tribution and coal fineness. Finer coal generally distributes more evenly. Source: Storm Technologies
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
64
66
68
70
72
74
76
78
80
Weighted average pulverizer coal fineness (% passing 200-mesh)
5. Mill power to ton of coal throughput. In general, when the mill draws more power
per ton of fuel, it is an indication that finer coal is being produced. Source: Storm Technologies
HP/ton Fineness
11.5
82
11.0
80
10.5
78
10.0
HP/ton
82
76
9.5
74
9.0
72
8.5
70
8.0
% passing 200-mesh
62
68
7.5
66
7.0
Mill A
Mill B
www.powermag.com
Mill C
Mill D
Mill E
Mill F
63
FUNDAMENTALS
7. Missing the mark. The air-to-fuel (A/F)
main factors that constitute pulverized capacity are Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI),
fineness, and coal throughput. Increasing
throughput will adversely affect fineness.
Source: Storm Technologies
8. Extending component lives. Getting 8,000 hours per year performance requires
condition-based maintenance utilizing periodic
isokinetic coal sampling and venturi hot K testing and calibration. Source: Storm Technologies
280
260
ene
ss
thr
oug
h
200
me
sh
240
220
200
180
0% PA bias, Mill 5
-6% PA bias, Mill 5
160
140
120
Recommended mill
inet airflow ramp
100
40,000
55,000
70,000
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C
C.C. Jensen, Inc. Oil Maintenance, 320 Coweta Industrial
Parkway Suite J, Newnan, GA
30265
Phone: 770-692-6001
ccjensen@ccjensen.com
www.ccjensen.com
C.H.ROBINSON WORLDWIDE,
5550 NORTH RIVERSIDE DRIVE,
FORT WORTH, TX 76137
Phone: 866-797-9370
panirud@chrobinson.com
www.chrobinson.com/flatbed/
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CFM/VR-TESCO, LLC-Continental
Field Machining, 1875 Fox Lane,
Elgin, IL 60123
Phone: 800-323-1393
wfinedore@globalfield.net
www.globalfield.net
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CONTAINER, d.o.o.,
BEIGRAJSKA CESTA 6, CELJE
3000
Phone: 00386 3 4263 200
container@maksim.si
www.container.si
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F
F.E. Moran Special Hazard
Systems, 2265 Carlson Drive,
Northbrook, IL 60062
Phone: 847-849-8720
s.block@femoran.com
www.femoranshs.com
www.powermag.com
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COMPANY DIRECTORY
G
GAI Consultants, Inc., 385 East
Waterfront Drive, Homestead, PA
15120-5005
Phone: 412-476-2000
r.houston@gaiconsultants.com
www.gaiconsultants.com
80
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GP Strategies, 25 Northpointe,
Amherst, NY 14226
Phone: 716-799-1080
eneuhaus@gpstrategies.com
powerplant.gpstrategies.com
GP Strategies Corporation,
Energy Services Group, 25
Northpointe Parkway, Amherst,
NY 14228
Phone: 716-799-1080
performance@gpstrategies.com
www.gpstrategies.com
Gradient Lens Corporation,
207 Tremont St Ste 1, Rochester, NY 14608-2398
Phone: 585-235-2620
www.gradientlens.com
See our ad on p. 123
Graham Corp, 20 Florence Ave,
Batavia, NY 14020
Phone: 585-343-2216
equipment@graham-mfg.com
www.graham-mfg.com
Graycor, Two Mid America Plaza,
Suite 400 , Oakbrook Terrace,
IL 60181
Phone: 630-684-7110
melissa_garcia@graycor.com
www.graycor.com
Great Ecology, 1020 Prospect
Street, San Diego, CA 92037
mlaska@greatecology.com
www.greatecology.com
Great Northern Products, PO Box
750, Exeter, NH 03833
nknox@gnpinc.com
www.gnpinc.com
Greencisco Industrial Co., Ltd,
Cuiyuan Building, Songgyuan
New Village, Hengkeng Industrial Area, Liaobu, Dongguan, HI
523413
sales@greencisco.com
www.greencisco.com
Greens Power Equipment USA
Inc., 601 Carlson ParkwaySuite
1050, Minnetonka, MN 55305
Phone: 952-475-6333
greens@greenspower.us
www.greenspower.us
Greer Lime Company, PO Box
1900, Morgantown, WV 265071900
Phone: 304-296-1751
cbolyard@greerindustries.com
www.greerindustries.com
H
H&L Instruments, PO Box 580
34 Post Rd., North Hampton, NH
03862-0580
Phone: 603-964-1818
hmoyer@hlinstruments.com
www.hlinstruments.com
H2ecO Bulk Water LLC, PO BO
7567, Houston, TX 77270
Phone: 888-227-7177
jdevine@h2ecowater.com
www.h2ecowater.com
H2O Innovation USA, Inc, 6840
Shingle Creek Parkway Ste 20,
Brooklyn Center, MN 55430
Phone: 763-566-8961
dale.iverson@h2oinnovation.com
www.h2oinnovation.com
Haberberger, Incorporated, 9744
Pauline Place, Saint Louis, MO
63116
Phone: 314-631-3324
stevejh@haberbergerinc.com
www.haberbergerinc.com
HACH, PO Box 389, Loveland,
CO 80539
Phone: 866-450-4248
orders@hach.com
www.hach.com
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84
J
J Custom Supply, Inc, 10013
Mammoth, Baton Rouge, LA
70814
Phone: 225-272-2210
robert@jcustom.com
www.jcustom.com
www.powermag.com
K
K-Flow Engineering Co., Ltd.,
No.120-1 , Niaosong 3rd. St.,
Yongkang District, Tainan 71042
Phone: + 886-6-242-3111
kflow@seed.net.tw
www.kffilters.com.tw
Kafko International Ltd., 3555
W. Howard, Skokie, IL 60076
rmorgando@kafkointl.com
www.kafkointl.com
Kafko Intl. Ltd., 3555 W. Howard, Skokie, IL 60175
Phone: 800-528-0334
rmorgando@kafkointl.com
www.oileater.com
Kanson Electronics, 245 Forrest
Ave, Hohenwald, TN 38462
kandirectory@marketstrong.com
www.marketstrong.com
Karl Storz Endoscopy, Mittelstrasse 8, Tuttlingen 78532
Phone: 33628750510
kdaouadi@karlstorz.fr
www.karlstorz.com
KARL STORZ Industrial Group,
2151 E. Grand Avenue, El Segundo, CA 90245
Phone: 800-329-9618
Matthew.Bartos@karlstorz.com
www.karlstorzindustrial.com
Kavlico, 14501 Princeton Avenue, Moorpark, CA 93021
Phone: 805-523-2000
sales@kavlico.com
www.kavlico.com
Kaytek, 9500 Parkway, houston,
0
Phone: 418-906-5378
info@kaytekind.com
www.kaytekind.com
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L&T Sargent &Lundy, L&T S&L,
Vadodara, GA 390019
bharatvaru@rediffmail.com
www.lntsnl.com
L.R. Kimball, 615 W. Highland
Ave, Ebensburg, PA 15931
Phone: 814-472-7700
gene.pietrowski@lrkimball.com
www.lrkimball.com
La Favorite Ind., 33 Shady St,
Paterson, NJ 07524
Phone: 973-279-1266
sales@lafavorite.com
www.LaFavorite.com
Laboratory Testing Inc., 2331
Topaz Drive, Hatfield, PA 19440
Phone: 800-219-9095
sales@labtesting.com
www.labtesting.com
LACC-JNK Inc., 4140 E. Baseline
Rd., Suite 101, Mesa, AZ 85206
Phone: 480-545-2072
nick.zehring@landmarkacc.com
landmarkacc.com
Lake Shore Electric Corp, 205
Willis St, Bedford, OH 44146
Phone: 440-232-0200
sales@lake-shore-electric.com
www.lake-shore-electric.com
85
COMPANY DIRECTORY
86
M
M+P Labs, Inc., 2210 Technology
Dr, Schenectady, NY 12308
Phone: 518-382-0082
info@mandplabs.com
www.mandplabs.com
Machinery Mounting Solutions,
Inc., 8000 Research Forest Dr
Suite 115-244, Spring, TX 77382
Phone: 281-298-9911
rotachock@ymail.com
www.machinerymountingsolutions.com
MacroTech, Inc., 246 Mamaroneck Road, Scarsdale, NY
10583-7242
Phone: 914-723-6185
wjblume@verizon.net
www.macrotechinc.com
Magaldi Power S.p.A., Via Irno,
219, Salerno 84135
daniele.coppola@magaldi.com
www.magaldi.com
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N
NAB, 902-904 WHITEHORSE
ROAD, BOXHILL, VA 3051
Phone: 03-88430397
diana.lin@nab.com.au
www.nab.com.au
NACB, LLC, 8311 Brier Creek
Parkway, Raleigh, NC 27617
sales@nacbvalves.com
www.nacbvalves.com
88
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P&S Vorspannsysteme AG, Rietwiesstrasse 2, St.Gallenkappel
8735
Phone: +41 55 284 64 64
f.rueegg@p-s.ch
www.p-s.ch
PADT, Inc., 7755 S. Research Dr.,
Tempe, AZ 85284
Phone: 480-813-4884
josh.heaps@padtinc.com
www.padtinc.com
89
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Quanta Services, 2800 Post Oak
Blvd. Ste. 2600, Houston, TX
77056
Phone: 713-629-7600
info@quantaservices.com
http:/www./quantaservices.com
Quest Inspar, LLC, 410 Pierce
Street, Houston, TX 77002
Phone: 713-391-8660
linepipe@questinspar.com
questinspar.com
R
Ram-3 Combustion Technologies, P.O. Box 35712, Greensboro, NC 27425
Phone: 540-493-1166
john@ram-3.com
www.ram-3.com
Randall Industries, 741 S. Rt 83,
Elmhurst, IL 60126-4268
Phone: 800-966-7412
b.skoda@randallind.com
www.fiberglassscaffolds.com
RangeRack, Inc., 100-C, boul.
Hymus, Pointe-Claire, QC H9R 1E4
Phone: 514-428-1191
info@rangerack.ca
www.rangerack.ca
RAS PROCESS EQUIPMENT, 324
Meadowbrook Road, Robbinsville, NJ 08691
tspencer@rasprocess.com
www.rasprocess.com
RCI Technologies, 462 Borrego
Court, Suite D, San Dimas, CA
91773
Phone: 800-868-2088
info@rcitechnologies.com
www.rcitechnologies.com
RdF Corporation, 23 Elm Ave,
Hudson, NH 03051
Phone: 603-882-5195
sensor@rdfcorp.com
www.rdfcorp.com
Recirculation Technologies, Inc.,
626 Jacksonville Rd Ste. 230,
Warminster, PA 18974
Phone: 215-682-7099
jfinley@rtiservices.com
www.rtiservices.com
91
COMPANY DIRECTORY
92
S
S & B Engineers and Constructors, Ltd., 7809 Park Place
Boulevard P. O. Box 266245,
Houston, TX 77087/77207Phone: 713-845-3176
sbpower@sbec.com
www.sbec.com
S.M. Stoller Corp., 105 Technology Drive, Suite 190, Broomfield,
CO 80021
Phone: 303-546-4300
eolson@stoller.com
www.stoller.com
S.M. Stoller Corporation, 105
Technology Drive, Broomfield,
CO 80021
gasmus@stoller.com
www.stoller.com
S.T. Cotter Turbine Service, Inc./
TexBlast, 2167 196th Street E,
Clearwater, MN 55320
Phone: 612-424-5614
nichole.cotter@stcotterturbine.
com
www.stcotterturbine.com
SABIA, Inc., 10911 Technology
Place, San Diego, CA 92127
Phone: 858-217-2200
sales@sabiainc.com
www.sabiainc.com
Sabre Tubular Structures, 8653 E
Hwy 67, Alvarado, TX 76009
Phone: 817-852-1700
utilityinfo@sabreindustries.com
www.SabreTubularStructures.com
SAFEmap, 108-4664 Lougheed
Highway, Burnaby, BC V5C 5T5
Phone: 604-296-3481
katie.tarcea@safemap.com
www.safemap.com
www.powermag.com
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STT Enviro Corp - Systems & Solutions, 3031 Viking Way, Suite
210, Richmond, 0 V6V 1W1
Phone: 604-248-8066
dfarnworth@sttenvirocorp.com
www.sttsystemsandsolutions.com
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T2E3, Kirkland, WA 98304, Kirkland, WA 98304
Phone: 425-821-6036
toburent@asme.org
www.t2e3.com
T2E3, Inc. (www.t2e3.com),
14260 120th PL NE, Kirkland,
WA 98034
tinat@t2e3.com
www.t2e3.com
TAG Energy, TAG Energy Partners,
Empire State Building, New
York, NY 10118
Steven@TAGEnergyPartners.com
www.TAGEnergyPartners.com
95
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U. S. Metals, 19102 Gundle,
Houston, TX 77073
Phone: 281-443-7473
steve_tralie@usmetals.com
www.usmetals.com
U.S. Underwater Services, LLC,
123 Sentry Drive, Mansfield, TX
76063
Phone: 800-860-2178
jimschrader@usunderwaterservices.com
www.usunderwaterservices.com
98
V
VAC-U-MAX, 69 William St, Belleville, NJ 07109
doanpendleton@vac-u-max.net
www.vac-u-max.com
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W. T. Maye, Inc. (WTMI), 215
Center Park Drive - Suite 400,
Knoxville, TN 37922
Phone: 877-705-9864
chipmaye@wtmi-usa.com
www.shopwtmi.com
Wabash Power Equipment
Company, 444 Carpenter Avenue, Wheeling, IL 60090
Phone: 847-541-5600
info@wabashpower.com
www.wabashpower.com
Wacker Chemical Corp, Wacker
Silicones, 3301 Sutton Rd,
Adrian, MI 49221-9397
Phone: 517-264-8500
customercare@wacker.com
www.wacker.com
Walden Associates, 16 Spring
Street, Oyster Bay, NY 11771
Phone: 516-624-7200
ggutierrez@walden-associates.
com
www.walden-associates.com
Williams Metals and Welding Alloys Inc, 125 Strafford Ave Suite
108, Wayne, PA 19087
Phone: 877-499-1544
sales@wmwa.net
www.wmwa.net
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Williamson Corporation, 70
Domino Drive, Concord, MA
01742
Phone: 978-396-9607
sales@williamsonir.com
www.williamsonir.com
Wilmore Electronics Co, Inc,
607 US 70-A East PO Box 1329,
Hillsborough, NC 27278
Phone: 919-732-9351
info@wilmoreelectronics.com
www.wilmoreelectronics.com
99
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100
X
XChanger Mechanical, Inc, 21
Curtis Court, Cartersville, GA
30120
Phone: 770-607-3791
rhonda.arnwine@
xchangermechanical.com
www.xchangermechanical.com
Xdot Engineering and Analysis,
pLLc, 370C Greenbrier Drive,
Charlottesville, VA 22901
Phone: 434-972-9368
erik@xdotea.com
www.xdotea.com
Xenics, Ambachtenlaan 44,
Leuven 3001
Phone: +3216 389900
kve@xenics.com
www.xenics.com
Xenics USA, Inc., 600 Cummings
Center, Suite 166-Y, Beverly, MD
MA 01915-6194
Phone: 978-969-1706
marketing@xenics.com
www.xenics.com
Xsubs, 21622 Tanglenook Mdws,
Sedalia, MO 65301
Phone: 815-642-8680
Xtralis, 700 Longwater Drive,
Norwell, MA 02061
Phone: 800-229-4434
marketing@xtralisamericas.com
www.xtralis.com
Y
YOKOGAWA, 2 DART ROAD,
NEWNAN, GA 30265-1094
Phone: (1)-800-888-6400 x2438
cristy.treleani@us.yokogawa.com
www.yokogawa.com/us
Yokogawa Corporation of
America, 2 Dart Road, Newnan,
GA 30265
Phone: 770-254-0400
meters-instr@us.yokogawa.com
www.yokogawa-usa.com
Z
ZACHRY, 527 Logwood Ave, San
Antonio, TX 78221-1738
Phone: 210-588-5122
blackstockk@zhi.com
www.zhi.com
Zachry Engineering Corporation,
101 West Colfax Avenue #500,
Denver, CO 80202
Phone: 303-928-4400
www.zhi.com
Zachry Nuclear Engineering, 14
Lords Hill Road, Stonington, CT
06378
Phone: 860-446-9725
AtkissonR@ZachryGroup.com
www.ZachryGroup.com
www.powermag.com
PRODUCTS
DIRECTORY
ACI SYSTEMS FOR MERCURY
CONTROL
ADA Environmental Solutions
AIRFLOW MEASUREMENT,
COMBUSTION
PROMECON USA Inc.
Testo Inc.
60 Hydrogen
70 Oxygen
80 Silica
90 Sodium
100 Sulfide
Aqua Metrology Systems (10)
Camarines sur Polytechnic college (60)
CHEMetrics, Inc. (1,10,30,40,50,70,80,100)
Instrument & Chemical Services, Inc. (10)
Mettler-Toledo Thornton, Inc. (10,70,80,90)
ACOEM AB
Dustex Corporation
LUDECA, INC.
1 Acoustics - General
10 Panels
Hessler Associates, Inc. (1)
Sound Technologies (1,10)
Universal AET (1)
ACTUATORS
Beck, Harold Beck & Sons Inc
Blac Inc.
Compact Automation Products LLC
Flowserve
Rotork
Voith Turbo GmbH & Co. KG
ADDITIVES, COAL
1 Coal-pile binders
10 Dust-suppression agents
20 Freeze-conditioning agents
ALIGNMENT SYSTEMS
TURBINE COMPONENT
Alignment Supplies, Inc.
PRUFTECHNIK Service, Inc.
ANALYZERS, AIRPOLLUTION
1 Analyzers, air-pollution - General
20 Continuous emissions monitors
30 HCL
40 HF
50 Hydrocarbons
60 Hydrogen sulfide
80 NO, NOx
90 Particulates
110 Stack-gas
CEMTEK Environmental (1,20,80,90,110)
Cosa Instrument Corp, Process Control Div
(110)
Delta Instrument LLC
(20,30,40,50,60,80,110)
ARRESTERS
1 Transmission, line
10 Transmission, station
CITEL SURGE PROTECTION (1,10)
ASH-HANDLING SYSTEMS
1 Air washers
10 Ash-handling systems - General
30 Clinker grinders (crushers)
40 Combining tubes
50 Coolers
60 Dewatering bins
70 Exhausters
80 Fluidizers
90 Jet ash pumps
100 Receiver/separators (air/ash)
110 Rotary unloaders
120 Sluice pumps
130 Storage bins
Allen-Sherman-Hoff (10,30,50,60)
Benetech Inc.
HORIBA (1,20,50,60,80,110)
ADDITIVES, FUEL-OIL
ANALYZERS, AIR-QUALITY
ENMET
AERIAL LIFTS
ANALYZERS, HYDROGEN
PURITY
ANALYZERS, WATERPURITY
1 Alkalinity
10 Analyzers, water-purity - General
20 Boron
30 Calcium hardness
40 Chloride
50 Hydrazine
PRODUCT DIRECTORY
ACOUSTICS
VibrAlign
101
BOILERS, INDUSTRIAL
BUSHINGS/BUSHING WELLS
SCHMIDT INDUSTRIES
BOILERS, UTILITY
BAGHOUSES
1 Pulse Jet
BOLTS
Applied Bolting
CABLE ACCESSORIES
Dustex Corporation
SCHMIDT INDUSTRIES
BRUSHES
PRODUCT DIRECTORY
Buell APC
CABLE LAYERS
BEARINGS
1 Bearings - General
30 Sleeve, bronze
40 Thrust, special
BUCKETS
Columbia Steel Casting Co, Inc
CABLE SUPERCONDUCTING
SCHMIDT INDUSTRIES
SuperPower Inc.
BURNERS
CABLE,
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
BLADE MANUFACTURING
SCHMIDT INDUSTRIES
BLOWERS
1 Exhaust
Clyde Bergemann Power Group
Dustex Corporation (1)
1 Burners - General
10 Coal, pulverized
20 Gas, natural
30 Management Systems
40 NOx, low
50 Orimulsion
70 Valves
80 Waste fuels
Clyde Bergemann Power Group (70)
Detroit Stoker Company (40)
CABLE TERMINATIONS/
SPLICES
1 Potheads
10 Splice kits, distribution
20 Splice kits, transmission
30 Stress cone kits
Thomas & Betts (1,10,20,30)
CABLE TRAYS
RangeRack, Inc.
CALIBRATION EQUIPMENT
BOILER PARTS
Beamex, Inc.
CAPACITORS/CONTROLS
BURNERS, SUPPORT
EQUIPMENT
LCR Electronics
Forney Corporation
BOILERS
BUS
1 Aluminum/copper
10 Bus - General
BOILERS, FLUIDIZED-BED
1 Boilers, fluidized-bed - General
10 Bubbling-bed
20 Circulating
AE&E Austria GmbH & Co KG (1,10,20)
Outotec Energy Products
Outotec Energy Products - Coeur d'Alene
CASTINGS
1 Castings - General
10 Ferrous
Columbia Steel Casting Co, Inc (1,10)
102
ZSI (1)
CATALYST
CoaLogix
DAEYOUNG C & E CO., LTD.
Fuel Tech Inc.
BUS DUCT
www.powermag.com
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
Aries Electronics
Benetech Inc.
BURNDY LLC
C.U.E., Inc.
Flexco (10)
CONVEYOR DRIVES
ImageVision, Inc.
CONTROL SYSTEMS
CONVEYORS
1 Compressor
10 Control systems - General
30 Gas-turbine
Allen-Sherman-Hoff (10)
1 Belt
10 Conveyors - General
20 Drag
40 High-angle
50 Pneumatic
60 Rentals
Allen-Sherman-Hoff (1,10,20,50)
Beijer Electronics
Belt Tech
GE Energy (1,10,30)
Holland-Controls
Tramco
Invensys (1,10,30)
Valmet (10)
1 Hydrodynamic
PRODUCT DIRECTORY
COMPUTER TERMINALS/
KEYBOARDS/PRINTERS
Ergonomic Office Chairs by United Group,
Inc.
COMPUTERS
COOLING TOWERS
1 Cooling towers - General
BIS Both Industrial Services BV
Cooling Technology Institute (CTI) (1)
CONTROLLERS (ENERGY
MANAGEMENT)
E / SYSTEMS
CONTROLLERS (KEY
MEASUREMENTS)
Teguar Computers
CONDENSERS
CONTROLLERS,
PROGRAMMABLE
SoftPLC Corporation
CORROSION CONTROL
1 Inhibitors
10 Condensers - General
20 Inspection
60 Surface
80 Tube inserts
Ambassador Heat Transfer Co (60)
CONVERTERS
1 DC/DC
Wilmore Electronics Co, Inc (1)
CONVEYOR ACCESSORIES
CONNECTORS
1 Belt cleaner
10 Conveyor accessories - General
10 Compression
Tuf-Lok International
COUPLINGS
104
www.powermag.com
CATHODIC PROTECTION
Advance Products & Systems
Corrpro Companies, Inc.
GEA Group
CLOTHING, PROTECTIVE
CHEMICALS, FLUE-GAS
DESULFURIZATION
1 Reagents
DragonWear (1)
CHEMICALS,
TURBOMACHINERY
CLUTCHES
FP Turbomachinery (20)
COAL FEEDERS
Alturair
Centrax Limited
1 Rotary-kiln
AE&E - Von Roll Inc (1)
COMBUSTION AIRFLOW
MEASUREMENT
AMETEK Land, Inc.
Shawcity Limited
COMBUSTION-CONTROL
SYSTEMS
COAL-SAMPLING/ANALYSIS
SYSTEMS
Airflow Sciences Equipment
COATINGS
1 Coatings - General
10 Insulating
COMMUNICATIONS
SYSTEMS/EQUIPMENT
1 Broadband/LAN
10 Communications systems/equipment General
20 Fiber-optics
60 Networking products
Aitech Defense Systems
Alcatel-Lucent
ARCOR Epoxy
CHIMNEYS
Kingfisher Industrial
CHLORINATORS
Ti Anode Fabricators Pvt Ltd
PRODUCT DIRECTORY
COMBUSTERS
COAL-CLEANING
EQUIPMENT
1 Antifoulants
10 Chemicals, water-treatment - General
20 Coagulants (and aids)
30 Corrosion inhibitors
40 Disinfectants
50 Flocculants
60 Neutralizers
70 Oxidizers
80 Reducing agents
90 Scale inhibitors
COGENERATION SYSTEMS,
PACKAGED
1 Centrifugal compressors
10 Chemicals, turbomachinery - General
20 Gas turbines
30 Steam turbines
CHEMICALS, WATERTREATMENT
CENTRIFUGES
COMPRESSORS
1 Compressors - General
Air Engineering Inc. (1)
Atlas Copco Compressors LLC (1)
Bauer Compressors Inc. (1)
Jenny Products (1)
sera ComPress GmbH
Plastocor Inc
www.powermag.com
103
CRANES/DERRICKS
20 Cranes/derricks - General
70 Traveling, overhead
Gantrex Inc. (20,70)
DRILLS
PECO
Metabo Corporation
Southern Environmental
DRY SCRUBBERS
ELEVATORS
1 Bucket
10 Elevators- General
Dustex Corporation
SCHMIDT INDUSTRIES
DRYERS
CRUSHERS/BREAKERS
10 Hydrogen gas dessicant
Sturtevant
Lectrodryer (10)
CYCLONE COLLECTORS
Dustex Corporation
DUCT BURNERS
EMISSIONS-SAMPLING
SYSTEMS
1 Extractive
10 In-situ
Apex Instruments, Inc. (10)
DAMPERS
DUCT SEALANT
DUCT WORK
ENCLOSURES
1 Acoustical
10 Continuous emissions monitoring equipment
30 Switchgear
40 Turbine/generator
DATA ACQUISITION/
MANAGEMENT
Dustex Corporation
Elsys Instruments
DUST-COLLECTION
Lufft USA
1 Bags
10 Systems
Elma Electronic
PRODUCT DIRECTORY
1 Dampers - General
10 Guillotine
20 Louvers
30 Special-design
Lectrus (30)
Reef Industries Inc, Griffolyn
DEAERATORS (STEAM
GENERATION)
CAMCORP, Inc.
ENERGY MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS/CONTROLS
EARTH-MOVING EQUIPMENT
Emtrade Intrnational Ltd
ECONOMIZERS
DESUPERHEATERS
Chanute Manufacturing
Woodward GmbH
ENERGY STORAGE
DEGASIFIERS
Membrana
DEHUMIDIFIERS
Arid-Dry by Controlled Dehumidification IMS
EJECTORS
DIGESTORS
1 Anaerobic
BIOFerm Energy Systems
ELECTROSTATIC
PRECIPITATORS
ENGINES (FUEL)
1 Dual-fuel
10 Full-diesel
Fairbanks Morse Engine
Wartsila North America, Inc. (1,10)
www.powermag.com
105
ENVIRONMENTAL
COMPLIANCE
Thorburn Flex
FASTENERS (ADHESIVES,
WASHERS, ETC)
Melfast
NORD-LOCK
Plant Professionals
ENVIRONMENTAL
PRODUCTS
FEEDWATER HEATERS
(CLOSED)
FABRIC FILTERS
(MATERIALS)
Innolytics LLC
Dustex Corporation
PRODUCT DIRECTORY
Benetech Inc.
EQUIPMENT PARTS
(REPAIR/REPLACE)
1 Ash-handling equipment
10 Coal-handling equipment
20 Equipment parts (repair/replace) - General
30 Pulverizer
Columbia Steel Casting Co, Inc (1,10,20,30)
Conforma Clad Inc (10)
St. Lawrence (10)
SEIRIS
SEFAR AG (1)
FEEDERS
1 Feeders - General
FLSmidth Inc.
FABRICATION
ProSonix LLC
1 Metal
CERREY SA de CV
Chanute Manufacturing
FILTER
Komline-Sanderson
FILTER ACCESSORIES
CLARCOR Industrial Air
Hy-Pro Filtration
EVAPORATORS
1 Distillation
10 Evaporators - General
50 Vertical-tube
PTMW, INC
FILTERS, DRY
Slingmax Inc
1 Cartridge-type
10 Filters, dry - General
FANS
EXPANSION JOINTS
1 Fans - General
10 Forced-draft
20 Gas-recirculation
30 Induced-draft
40 Overfire-air
50 Primary-air
60 Scrubber-exhaust
FILTERS, LIQUID
4-STAR Hose & Supply
Advanced Flexible Systems Inc
Custom Expansion Joints, Inc.
ditec Dichtungstechnik GmbH
ESP/Energy Systems Products, Inc
Frenzelit North America
La Favorite Ind.
106
www.powermag.com
1 Activated-carbon
10 Filters, liquid - General
30 Polishing
40 Water intake
Clear Lake Filtration (10)
Croll-Reynolds Engineering Company Inc
(30)
Filtration & Membrane Technology, Inc.
(1,10,30,40)
Hy-Pro Filtration
W. T. Maye, Inc. (WTMI) (10)
FILTERS (PUMPS,
COMPRESSORS)
Kurz Instruments
Kytola Instruments (10)
1 Air-intake
Hy-Pro Filtration
Sound Technologies
YOKOGAWA
Yokogawa Corporation of America (1,10,70)
FILTERS (TURBINES,
DIESELS)
1 Filters (turbines, diesels) - General
10 Fuel-oil
20 Intake-air
30 Lube-oil
SELKIRK CORPORATION
GAUGE GLASSES
Hindusthan Mica Mart
FLUE-GAS
DESULFURIZATION UNITS
GAUGES, LIQUID-LEVEL
DEFITEC
FUEL ECONOMIZERS
FUEL-HANDLING
EQUIPMENT
Benetech Inc.
Hy-Pro Filtration
MB Oil Filters (1,10,30)
PRODUCT DIRECTORY
1 Capacitance
20 Gauges, liquid-level - General
30 Hydrostatic
40 Noncontact
50 Resistance
10 Spray dryer
20 Wet lime
30 Wet limestone
GAUGES PRESSURE
WIKA
Winters Instruments
GEARS
FILTERS, WATER
FIRE-PROTECTION SYSTEMS
1 CO2 systems
10 Fire-protection systems - General
GAS-HANDLING EQUIPMENT
FLOWMETERS
1 DP (differential pressure: orifice, venturi)
10 Flowmeters - General
20 Nonintrusive (magnetic, resonance,
ultrasonic)
40 Swirl, vortex-shedding
50 Totalizers
60 Turbine
70 Variable-area (plug, rotameter)
GENERATOR, HYDRAULIC
GENERATOR/ENGINE SETS,
IC
Coffman Electrical Equipment Company
Mid America Engine
MWM GmbH
GENERATORS
Chromalox, Inc.
BRUSH Turbogenerators
www.powermag.com
107
Caterpillar Inc.
CTECH Manufacturing
GENERATOR/TURBINE SETS,
GAS (GT)
EnginePower S.A.S.
Rolls-Royce plc
WINCO INC
GENERATORS, ELECTRIC
GRADUATED
STRAIGHTENING GRID
PRODUCT DIRECTORY
1 Continuous-duty
10 Generators, electric - General
20 Standby
APOYOTEC (Plantas de Energa) (1)
National Electric Coil (1,10)
GENERATORS, HOT-WATER
Indeck Power Equipment Company
See our ad on p. 29
Rentech Boiler Systems, Inc
GENERATORS, HYDROGEN
GAS
Proton OnSite
GENERATORS, STEAM
1 Boilers
20 Generators, steam - General
40 Nuclear
80 Watertube, utility
HARDWARE
HEATERS, ELECTRIC
HEAT EXCHANGERS
Durex Industries
1 Air coolers
10 All-welded plate
20 Bare-tube
30 Economizers
50 Finned-tube
60 Geothermal
70 Heat exchangers - General
90 Plate
130 Shell-and-tube
140 Straight-tube
150 Tube cleaners
190 U-tube
210 Welding
Alfa Laval
Aquasol Corporation (210)
Babcock Power Inc.
Bowman (Birmingham) Ltd
GENERATORS/ENGINES,
DIESEL
ABC - Diesel
HEATERS, AIR
Watlow
Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company
HEATERS, THERMAL-LIQUID
Pick Heaters, Inc.
ProSonix
Struthers Wells
HOISTS
1 Blocks
10 Chain
20 Hoists - General
30 Lever
40 Powered
Columbus McKinnon (20)
Cornerstone Material Handling Inc.
(1,10,20,30,40)
Harrington Hoists, Inc. (20)
Lifting Gear Hire Corporation
(10,20,30,40)
See our ad on p. 50
HUMIDIFIERS
Atomizing Systems Inc
INSPECTION EQUIPMENT
20 Infrared
Spirax Sarco
AcousticEye
Aqua-Vu
IRISS
Karl Storz Endoscopy
RF System Lab
108
www.powermag.com
INSULATION ( ENERGY
MANAGMENT)
Rotex Global
LOAD MANAGEMENT
EQUIPMENT/SYSTEMS
INSULATION (GENERAL)
AeroGo, Inc.
1 Cable
ALEASOFT
AB Technology Group
LOCATORS/TRACERS
LocateUnderground.com
INSULATION (MATERIAL)
LOCKS
Lockmasters USA
METALS
1 Metals - General
INTERLOCKS
Superior Interlock Corp
Unitech Power Technology Company, LTD
LUBRICANTS
ExxonMobil Lubricants & Petroleum Specialties (Mobil Industrial Lubricants)
Phillips 66, Lubricants
LEVEL INSTRUMENTATION
BinMaster Level Controls
Hawk Measurement
Magnetrol International, Incorporated
LIGHTNING (EQUIPMENT)
1 Protection
ERICO International Corporation (1)
Lightning Eliminators
Pro-Tect Plastic and Supply (1)
INVERTERS
SMA America (1)
60 kWh, electronic
110 Power
140 Revenue-meters
Shell Lubricants
1 DC/AC
METERS/INSTRUMENTS
LUBRICATION SYSTEM
MARKERS/LABELS
10 Markers/labels - General
InfoSight Corporation (10)
MATERIALS-HANDLING
EQUIPMENT
MIST ELIMINATORS
1 Chevron-type
10 Mesh
20 Mist eliminators - General
Allen-Sherman-Hoff (1)
MONITORS/DETECTORS/
INDICATORS
LIGHTS
Benetech Inc.
GulfRim Navigation
LEDtronics, Inc.
Rig-A-Lite
1 Air in-leak
20 Conductivity
30 Continuous emissions (CEMS)
60 Flame
70 Gas
80 Gas, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)
90 Gases, combustible
110 Humidity
140 Moisture
150 Monitors/detectors/indicators - General
160 pH monitors
220 Vibration
LININGS
Metalfab, Inc.
1 Duct
30 Stack
Unimar Inc.
PRODUCT DIRECTORY
www.powermag.com
109
NUCLEAR MONITORS/
DETECTORS/INDICATORS
1 Contamination
NUCLEAR RADIATION
SHIELDING
Weschler Instruments
CONTAINER, d.o.o.
Xtralis (70,90)
MOTOR DRIVES
(ADJUSTABLE-FREQUENCY)
AREVA Inc.
1 Cleaning
30 Iron/steel
40 Lined
50 Low-alloy steel
60 Pipe - General
80 Thermoplastic
Allen-Sherman-Hoff (30,40,50,60)
Georg Fischer Piping Systems Ltd (80)
HOBAS PIPE USA
Triple-S Steel Supply (30)
U. S. Metals (60)
NUCLEAR REMOTE
HANDLING DEVICES
PIPE BENDS/FABRICATION
TMEIC
KTSDI, LLC
Brandt Industrial
PRODUCT DIRECTORY
NUCLEAR REACTORS
PIPE
MOTORS
Baldor Electric Company
See our ad on p. 13
Elektrim Motors
Chanute Manufacturing
HP Products
NuScale Power
NUTS
DYLANGroup
OEM
1 Enclosed
10 Fan-cooled
20 Motors, induction (frames) - General
Hyundai Heavy Industries Co. (1,10,20)
NITROGEN-OXIDES
CONTROL
1 Combustion modeling & NOx control
10 Low-NOx combustion systems
30 SCR catalysts
40 SCR systems
Cormetech, Inc. (30)
Alstom
Alstom USA
1 Groove-end
OIL-HANDLING EQUIPMENT
Anvil International
1 Filtration systems
30 Purifiers
40 Reclamation
Victaulic (1)
Kleentek (1)
OILKLEEN, Inc. (1,30,40)
NUCLEAR ANALYZERS
HYTORC
Exlar Corporation
MOTORS, INDUCTION
(FRAMES)
Haberberger, Incorporated
SABIA, Inc.
PIPE SUPPORTS
1 Constant-support
10 Pipe supports - General
20 Rigid
30 Snubbers
Anvil Engineered Pipe Supports (1,10,20,30)
Binder Group Pty Ltd (1,10,20,30)
HALFEN GmbH (10)
OVERTORQUE PROTECTORS
NUCLEAR FUEL
ASSEMBLIES
PIPE TOOLS
Harper International
PACKING
SCHMIDT INDUSTRIES
E.H. Wachs
NUCLEAR METERS/
INSTRUMENTS
PLUGS
PARTICULATE CONTROL
110
www.powermag.com
RAILROAD/RAILCAR
EQUIPMENT
PUMPS (GENERAL)
POLE ACCESSORIES
Vandal Shields
POLES, DISTRIBUTION
Brown Wood Preserving Co., Inc.
TransAmerican Power Products
POLES, TRANSMISSION
1 Steel
Chanute Manufacturing (1)
POWER QUALITY
EQUIPMENT
1 Power quality equipment - General
Electro Industries/GaugeTech (1)
POWER SUPPLIES
1 High voltage
10 Power supplies - General
20 Uninterruptible
50Hz 60Hz Converter Inc (1,10,20)
Ametek, Solidstate Controls (20)
APC by Schneider Electric (10,20)
Computer Power Supply (1,10,20)
Greencisco Industrial Co., Ltd (10,20)
RECTIFIERS
Corrosion Control Inc.
REFRACTORY
1 Brick
20 Other
Coal People Magazine (20)
Davron Technologies (20)
RELAYS
20 Protective
30 Relays - General
Basler Electric (20,30)
RENTAL BOILER
Indeck Power Equipment Company
See our ad on p. 29
PRODUCT DIRECTORY
1 Ash-service
10 Boiler-feed
20 Condensate
30 Condenser-circulating
40 Dewatering
50 Diaphragm
60 End suction
70 Fire
80 General-service, base-mounted
90 General-service, close-coupled
100 General-service, frame-mounted
110 Horizontal split-case
130 Metering
140 Mixed-flow
150 Oil
160 Propeller
170 Pumps (general) - General
190 Rotary
200 Screw
210 Sewage/sludge
220 Slurry
230 Submersible
240 Sump
250 Turbine, deep-well
270 Vacuum
280 Vacuum, liquid-ring
290 Vacuum, mechanical
300 Water
1 Beaded
10 Resins, ion exchange - General
Pick Heaters, Inc.
Sentry Equipment Corp (1,10)
RESISTORS POWER
Sandvik (formerly Kanthal Globar)
REVERSE-OSMOSIS
EQUIPMENT
Hydro, Inc.
RIGGING EQUIPMENT
PROTECTORS,
INTERFERENCE,
COMMUNICATION AND
RELAY
Aeris Corp
PULVERIZERS
VAC-U-MAX (270)
WRS Environmental Services (270)
SAMPLERS
1 Coal
10 Liquid
SAFETY EQUIPMENT
www.powermag.com
111
SEISMIC EQUIPMENT
Jonas, Inc
1 Instrumentation
SLINGS
Van Beest
SCADA
SELECTIVE CATALYTIC
REDUCTION
SLUDGE-CONTROL
EQUIPMENT
PRODUCT DIRECTORY
Winsted Corporation
20 Samplers - General
30 Trace elements
40 Wastewater
Matec In America
SENSORS, TEMPERATURE
ILLICA Group
SOIL TESTERS
WPC, Inc.
SCAFFOLDING
LumaSense Technologies
SOLAR BOILERS
Randall Industries
RdF Corporation
Aalborg CSP
Temp-Pro Inc.
Spider
Williamson Corporation
SCALES, WEIGHING
epro GmbH
Sohre Turbomachinery Inc
SolarDock
SOLAR PV
Patriot Solar Group
ERIEZ
SolarBOS, Inc.
SCREENS, LIQUID
Beaudrey A.S.
UBE
SkyFuel, Inc.
SEPARATORS
Clyde Bergemann Power Group
Silicon Power Corporation
SOLAR COLLECTOR
SYSTEMS
SHAFT GROUNDING
SOLID-WASTE-HANDLING
EQUIPMENT (INDUSTRIAL/
MUNICIPAL)
Corrosion Engineering
SIGNAL CONDITIONERS
Acromag, Inc.
SOOTBLOWERS
SIGNS/FLAGS
Komline-Sanderson
B & H Engineering
SEALS (TYPE)
1 Mechanical
10 Seals (type) - General
20 Steam turbine
SILENCERS (GENERAL)
Inpro/Seal
Sound Technologies
Universal Silencer
SECURITY EQUIPMENT/
SYSTEMS
EK Ekcessories
Southwest Microwave, Inc.
112
CU Services LLC
SILENCERS (HEAT
RECOVERY)
Sound Technologies
SORBENT INJECTION
Clyde Bergemann Power Group
NatronX Technologies, LLC
Nol-Tec Systems, Inc.
See our ad on p. 49
Novinda Corporation
SPACERS
Enerscan Engineering Inc.
SIMULATORS
RTDS Technologies Inc.
www.powermag.com
SPARE PARTS
SURGE PROTECTORS
AMREL/AMERICAN RELIANCE
Meter-Treater, Inc.
SPARGERS
Mott Corporation
SWITCHBOARDS
STACKS
Hadek Protective Systems
Fluke Corporation
Haefely Test AG
SWITCHES
Megger
Electroswitch
Namco
STOKERS, MASS-BURNING
Detroit Stoker Company
SWITCHES, TRANSFER
Teseq
SWITCHES CONTROL
TEST EQUIPMENT,
NONDESTRUCTIVE
STOKERS, UNDERFEED
Tapeswitch Corporation
SWITCHGEAR
Zetec Inc
TIMERS
STORAGE
SWITCHGEAR CUBICLES
TRS Containers
TANKS
STRAINERS
CONVAULT INC
Jamison Products, LP
Enerfab, Inc.
SUBSTATIONS (GENERAL)
RH Systems
SUPPORT EQUIPMENT
(GENERAL)
TORQUE CONVERTERS
TOWERS, TRANSMISSION
TELEMETERING SYSTEMS/
EQUIPMENT
TENSIONERS
Jetyd Corporation
P&S Vorspannsysteme AG
Superbolt, Inc.
TRAILERS/PRE-FAB
BUILDINGS/SHELTERS
ThermaSteel Corp
TEST EQUIPMENT
Chromium Corporation
Farmington Manufacturing Co
SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE
SUBSTATIONS (MATERIALS)
DIS-TRAN Packaged Substations
Kanson Electronics
TOOLS
PRODUCT DIRECTORY
STOKERS, SPREADER
www.powermag.com
113
TRANSDUCERS
VALVE ACTUATORS/
POSITIONERS
Knotts & Co
Minnotte Manufacturing
DREHMO GmbH
Flowserve
TUBING
Kavlico
Kistler Instrument Corp
Midland-ACS
TRANSFORMER PADS
Highline Products
Trent Tube
VALVES
Allen-Sherman-Hoff
Jefferson Electric
TURBINE
TRANSFORMERS,
TRANSMISSION/
SUBSTATION
ConocoPhillips
DFT Inc.
SCHMIDT INDUSTRIES
Flowserve
PRODUCT DIRECTORY
TRANSFORMERS,
DISTRIBUTION
TRANSMISSION
MECHANICAL
NORD Drivesystems - Getriebebau NORD
GmbH & Co. KG
Voith Turbo GmbH & Co. KG
TRASH RACKS
Linita Design & Mfg. Corp.
TURBINE BLADES
TURBINE COMPONENTS
Petro-Valve
SCHMIDT INDUSTRIES
SOUTHWELL INDUSTRIES
TURBINE, GAS
VEHICLES/TRUCKS/TRUCK
BODIES
TRUCK DUMPERS
ap+m
Airoflex Equipment
TUBE CLEANERS
Conco Systems Inc.
John R. Robinson Inc.
E.D.I, Inc
VENTILATORS
POWERPAC, LLC
TUBE SHIELDS
VIBRATION ISOLATORS
Enidine Inc
Fabreeka International, Inc.
TUBES
Fine Tubes Ltd.
TURBINE/ROTOR/SHELL
REPAIR
SCHMIDT INDUSTRIES
TUBES, MATERIALS
TURBINES, HYDRAULIC
Vibration Solutions
VIBRATORS
AIRMATIC INC
VOLTAGE REGULATORS
ABB Switzerland Ltd
TURBOCHARGERS
TUBES, REPLACEMENT
Chanute Manufacturing
WASHERS
Solon Manufacturing Company
Trinity Equipment Co.
114
www.powermag.com
WASTE-MANAGEMENT
WELDING EQUIPMENT
GTI
WASTE-TO-ENERGY
SYSTEMS
ElectraTherm
Energy Developments & Resources P/L
Proe Power Systems, LLC
PWR - Plasma Waste Recycling
Warren & Baerg Manufacturing, Inc.
Eutectic Corporation
InterPurge - Pipe Weld Purging Systems &
Accessories
Liburdi Dimetrics Corporation
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY
GAS TURBINE REBUILDING
Magnatech LLC
Sulzer Ltd.
Pemamek Oy Ltd
Tri Tool
Weldstar Company
WINCHES
Lifting Gear Hire Corporation
See our ad on p. 50
AIR-PREHEATER CLEANING
Corrosion Monitoring Services
J.a.b.future industrial services
ALIGNMENT
Mechanical Dynamics & Analysis, Ltd.
ASSET RECOVERY
SRP
NAB
WINDINGS
Parkson Corporation
ASSOCIATION,
PROFESSIONAL AND/OR
TRADE
Signal-X-Press Concept
Anixter
WATER TREATMENT
SYSTEMS
WIRING PRODUCTS
BMC P. Ltd.
BALANCING
Mechanical Dynamics & Analysis, Ltd.
Schenck Trebel Corporation
BOILER OPTIMIZATION
MacroTech, Inc.
IMERYS
SmartBurn, LLC
WEB-BASED PRODUCTS
BOILERS
1 Boilers - General
10 Cleaning, chemical
Inspectech, Corporation
Viryanet
SERVICES DIRECTORY
WIRE
PRODUCT DIRECTORY
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
SYSTEMS
SERVICES
DIRECTORY
115
Graham Corp
RetubeCo, Inc.
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT RENTAL/
LEASING
Imperial Power Services, Inc.
CONSTRUCTION SERVICES
1 Chemical cleaning
10 Cleaning (equipment) - General
1 Buildings/shelters
10 Construction services - General
20 Distribution line
AZCO INC.
Dectron Inc.
SERVICES DIRECTORY
COOLING TOWERS
1 Acoustics, transformer
10 Consulting/services, environmental General
20 Continuous emissions monitoring
30 Emissions control
40 Emissions testing
COMPRESSORS
CONSULTING/SERVICES,
ENVIRONMENTAL
CIANBRO
Graycor
COMMUNICATIONS
SERVICES
CLEANING (EQUIPMENT)
NAES Corporation
Kiewit Power
CRANES/DERRICKS
Barnhart
DESIGN SERVICES
Quanta Services
Bibb EAC
STI GROUP
COMPUTING SERVICES/
SOFTWARE
1 Computer modeling
10 Computer modeling-1
20 Computing services/software - General
30 Database services
40 Electronic documentation services
50 Information management
60 Software design
Activu (50)
EcoSys (20,30,40,50,60)
T2E3
CONSULTING
CONDENSERS
Curran International
CONSULTANT
GSI - Generator Services Int, Inc
ELECTROSTATIC
PRECIPITATORS
1 Casing Conversion to Baghouse
10 Control Systems
20 Mechanical, electrical Parts
30 New
40 Parts and Service
50 Rebuilding
60 Rebuilding, Retrofits
70 Repairing
80 Upgrading
Beltran Technologies, Inc.
Clyde Bergemann Power Group
Southern Environmental
(1,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80)
www.powermag.com
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
SERVICES
1 Energy audits
10 Energy efficiency services - General
20 Equipment design
40 Equipment sale and or lease
earth energy Solutions GROUP (1,10)
Energy Concepts Company
ENERGY SERVICES
1 Consulting
10 Energy services - General
20 Plant or system maintenance & other
30 Plant or system operations
50 Utility-held operations & maintenance
services
3Degrees (10)
Allegro (1)
Abengoa
Intertek AIM
Altran
Synergy
Tech Center
Thaker Simulation Technologies
Thielsch Engineering
Xdot Engineering and Analysis, pLLc
Zachry Nuclear Engineering
ENGINEERING STUDIES
KnightHawk Engineering
ENGINES, DIESEL
MWH Global
Pyco, Inc.
Mosaic Energy
EQUIPMENT BROKERS/
DESIGN/RENTALS/SALES
Lucifer Furnaces, Inc.
EXECUTIVE SEARCH
CONSULTANTS
ZACHRY
FANS
ENGINEERING SERVICES
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONSULTING
Boldrocchi Srl
ENGINEERING, DESIGN
SERVICES
Bechtel
Bilfinger Power Systems GmbH
FEEDWATER HEATERS
(CLOSED)
1 Distribution systems
10 Engineering, design services - General
20 Field Service
30 Noise abatement
40 Protective systems
50 Substations
60 Transmission line
SERVICES DIRECTORY
Walden Associates
Stellar Energy
ENERGY SYSTEM
MANAGEMENT
Alden
FILTERS, FABRIC
www.powermag.com
LUBE OIL
FINANCIAL SERVICES
Altec Capital Services, LLC
Tranter (1)
XChanger Mechanical, Inc (1,10,20,30)
Interdevelopment, Inc.
FLOW MEASUREMENT/
CALIBRATION SERVICES
Moffitt Corporation
Benetech Inc.
INFORMATION SERVICES
FUEL-HANDLING SERVICES
Benetech Inc.
SERVICES DIRECTORY
INSPECTION SERVICES
KPL Filtration
Bannerstone Energy
GALVANIZING
American Galvanizers Association
MAPS/MAPPING SERVICES
INSTRUMENTATION/
CONTROL SYSTEM
SERVICES
Geospatial Corporation
GAS SERVICES
1 Calibration
20 Instrumentation/control system services
- Gene
GENERATORS, STEAM
Platts UDI
Platts
FULL-INSTALLATION
SERVICES
FLUE-GAS CONDITIONING
SYSTEM SERVICES
MAINTENANCE SERVICES/
PRODUCTS
MARKETERS
1 Marketers - General
Allied Union Inc. (1)
PGH Marketing (1)
MATERIALS HANDLING
MANAGEMENT
Benetech Inc.
GENERATORS/MOTORS
INVENTORY SERVICES
KEPCO/KPS
MERCURY CONTROL
Nalco Air Protection Technologies
Nol-Tec Systems, Inc.
See our ad on p. 49
Sidewinders, LLC
LAGAL SERVICES
HCI CONTROL
Polsinelli Shughart, PC
HEAT EXCHANGERS
1 Heat-recovery
10 Retubing
20 Tube failure analysis
30 Tube plugging
118
METER- INSTALLATION
SERVICES
MODELING
www.powermag.com
STACKS
DeNox Direct
1 Stacks - General
MULTI-POLLUTANT
CONTROL
Hoffmann, Inc
POWER/BROKERS/
MARKETERS/SUPPLIERS
Advanta Energy Corp.
eMpasys
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
SERVICES
Benetech Inc.
1 Component replacement
10 Nuclear power plant - General
STOKERS
ILT-RES, LLC
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
SERVICES
RENEWABLE ENERGY
OPERATIONS AND
MAINTENANCE SERVICES
SAFETY PROGRAMS
Coss
SERVICES,
MISCELLANEOUS
THERMOGRAPHIC
EQUIPMENT/SERVICES
Xenics
TRAINING
Protorun
1 Asbestos removal
50 Services, miscellaneous - General
1 Automation
10 Environmental
30 Maintenance
80 Training - General
PERSONNEL SUPPORT
SERVICES
10 Craft labor
20 Personnel support services - General
30 Recruitment/employment
40 Technical/professional
PCB SERVICES
Cranfield University
EITI - Electrical Industry Training Institute
USA Inc. (80)
Great Ecology (10)
ProEnergy Services
PIPE
SIMULATORS TRAINING
10 Plastic
SITING SERVICES
Sologic, LLC
SPARE PARTS
PIPELINE REHABILITATION
SERVICES DIRECTORY
TurbinePROs, LLC
Verizon
www.powermag.com
119
PRESENTS
powermagconference.com
YOURE INVITED
If you are involved in power plants financial, legal, or operational decisions
about compliance with environmental regulations, this is a conference for YOU.
Pre-register online at powermagconference.com.
CONFERENCE AGENDA
7:30-9:15
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123
Power
Generation
and the
Environment
Natural and man-made changes in the
environment create a very complex picture.
This book analyzes this picture and provides
snapshots of different areas of interest and
makes suggestions for future work on cleaning
and stabilizing the earths environment.
Starting with conventional energy generation and moving on to renewable energies, this
book analyzes and calculates their environmental impact and the lesser-known aspects
of their cradle-to-grave life cycle such as the irreversible environmental damage
done during the manufacturing of solar and wind equipment and during the installation,
operation, and decommissioning of large scale hydro, solar, and wind power plants.
Covering:
t Environmental Science
t Power Engineering
t Renewable Energy
Find more information on this book,
and other related topics, by visiting the POWER Store
store.powermag.com
26604
AD 2
AD 1
AE_PowerMagazine_MAR2015.qxp_2.25 2/11/15 1
READER SERVICE NUMBER 202
WE BUY GENERATORS
> 25 kW to 2000 kW
> Diesel & Natural Gas
> Caterpillar, Cummins,
Kohler, and others...
George H. Bodman
Pres. / Technical Advisor
www.aaronequipment.com/sniff
or call:
855-719-7808
READER SERVICE NUMBER 200
Layup Desiccant
Dehumidification
& Filtration Units
for long term layup
of power generation
equipment. For over
35 years of drying
solutions contact:
Tom Haarala
612-202-0765
thaarala@cdims.com
Todd Bradley
810-229-7900
tbradley@cdims.com
www.cdims.com
or
12 Issues
;VSS-YLL!-H_!
PUMV'TVSLTHZ[LYJVT
www.molemaster.com
FILENAME: NAES_POWERMAGAZINE_PRINT_2015
READER SERVICE NUMBER 201
www.powermag.com
125
FOR SALE/RENT
LM2500
FT4
OTHERS
24 / 7 EMERGENCY SERVICE
BOILERS
20,000 - 400,000 #/Hr.
847-541-5600
FAX: 847-541-1279
WEB SITE: www.wabashpower.com
wabash
READER SERVICE NUMBER 208
POWER
EQUIPMENT CO.
To Advertise in
POWER Classieds
CONTACT:
Diane Burleson
PHONE:
512-337-7890
REGISTER NOW!
FAX:
512-213-4855
Be a part of the premier gathering of key
decision makers and experts in CCUS
dianeb@powermag.com
27107
126
www.powermag.com
ADVERTISERS INDEX
Enter reader service numbers on the FREE Product Information Source card in this issue.
Reader
Service
Number
Page
Page
Reader
Service
Number
www.agruamerica.com
www.corzancpvc.com
www.amecfw.com
www.psa.mhps.com
www.babcock.com
www.nol-tec.com
Baldor Electric. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . . . . . . . 7
www.baldor.com
www.nrgenergy.com
Paharpur. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 . . . . . . . .13
www.checkall.com
www.paharpur.com
Cleaver-Brooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 . . . . . . . .16
Process Barron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 . . . . . . . . 8
www.cleaverbrooks.com/engineered
www.processbarron.com
www.detroitstoker.com
www.zccasting.com
www.mobilindustial.com
www.teaminc.com
www.gradientlens.com
www.terrasource.com
www.abresist.com
www.uswaterservices.com
www.kps.co.kr
www.victoryenergy.com
Zeeco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 . . . . . . . . 3
www.lgh-usa.com
www.zeeco.com
POWER
www.powermag.com
127
COMMENTARY
2 Billion Underserved
Customers Are Waiting for
Energy Services
Aaron Leopold
he world has a problem. According to the World Bank, 1.1 billion people lack access to any form of modern energy service,
and more than double that number lack access to adequate,
reliable, affordable, and safe energy services. Most of the energy
poor live in rural India and Sub-Saharan Africa. And most own a
mobile phone (that needs charging), have lighting (dirty-burning
kerosene lamps), and cook food (mostly on open fires).
Illnesses resulting from the indoor air pollution of these fires
kills more people per year than HIV/AIDs, malaria, and tuberculosis combined. It is actually the number one killer worldwide of
children under five. So the energy poor, who have traditionally
not been seen as a viable customer base for the energy industry,
are doubly penalized: They often pay up to 20 times more per
kilowatt-hour equivalent compared to grid prices for the energy
they do use, and they pay in terms of health and wellbeing.
In addition to the billions of un- and underserved individuals living in energy poverty, the World Banks Enterprise Surveys
have found Sub-Saharan African businesses experience an average of 8.3 power outages per month lasting an average of 4.6
hours each. This adversely affects all aspects of doing business
and developing attractive markets.
This situation is known as the poverty trap. But rather than
focus on the trap, we must focus on the way out, and the essential role the power sector can play.
www.powermag.com
www.kps.co.kr
We provide
the best maintenance!
KEPCO KPS specializes in increasing the efciency and extending
the life span to their full potential, and provides comprehensive
services including new and improved system designs.
Business Areas
Power Plant O&M Services
(Thermal & CCPP)
Overhaul
(Thermal, CCPP)
Rehabilitation
Professional
Technical Services
Commissioning and
Trouble Shooting for Power Plant