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Name
Key
Operation
Name
Key
Operation
Shift
SHIFT
Stat
SHIFT 1[STAT]
Mode
MODE
AC
AC
This is one of the series of post in calculator techniques in solving problems. You may
also be interested in my previous posts: Calculator technique for progression
problemsand Calculator technique for clock problems; both in Algebra.
Traditional Solution
rh=410
r=25h
Volume of water inside the tank
V=13r2h
V=13(25h)2h
V=475h3
Differentiate both sides with respect to time
dVdt=425h2dhdt
2.15=425h2dhdt
When h = 3.5 m
2.15=425(3.52)dhdt
dhdt=0.3492m/min
answer
Solution by Calculator
ShowClick here to show or hide the concept behind this technique
MODE 3:STAT 3:_+cX2
X
0
10
5
Y
0
42
22
answer
What we just did was actually v = Q / A which is the equivalent of dhdt=dV/dtA for this
problem.
Problem
Water is being poured into a hemispherical bowl of radius 6 inches at the rate of x cubic
inches per second. Find x if the water level is rising at 0.1273 inch per second when it is
2 inches deep?
Traditional Solution
Volume of water inside the bowl
V=13h2(3rh)
V=13h2[3(6)h]
V=13(18h2h3)
Differentiate both sides with respect to time
dVdt=13(36h3h2)dhdt
When h = 2 inches, dh/dt = 0.1273 inch/sec
dVdt=13[36(2)3(22)](0.1273)
x=7.9985in3/sec
answer
Calculator Technique
MODE 3:STAT 3:_+cX2
X
0
6
12
Y
0
62
0
answer
I hope you enjoy this post. Next time you solve problems involving flow rate, try to use
this calculator technique to save time.
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For simplicity, let "dial" be the unit of one hand movement and there are 60 dials in the
complete circle as shown in the figure.
1.
2.
3.
Knowing all of the above, we can now develop the calculator technique for solving
clock-related problem. We will solve some example here in order to apply this time
saving technique.
Problem
What time after 3:00 o'clock will the minute-hand and the hour-hand of the clock be (a)
together for the first time, (b) perpendicular for the first time, and (c) in straight line
for the first time?
Traditional Solution
HideClick here to show or hide the solution
Part (a): The hands of the clock are together for the first time
Time = 3:16:21.82
Part (b): The hands of the clock are perpendicular for the first time
Time = 7:32:43.64
Part (c): The hands of the clock are in straight line for the first time
Time = 7:49:5.45
Solution by Calculator
The following calculator keys will be used.
Name
Key
Operation
Name
Key
Operation
Shift
SHIFT
Stat
SHIFT 1[STAT]
Mode
MODE
AC
AC
The relationship between the movements of the clock hands is linear. We can therefore
use the Linear Regression in STAT mode.
Approach No. 1
Take 3:00 pm as reference point. Initially, the minute-hand of the clock is at 0 dial and
the hour-hand of the clock is advance by 15 dials, thus, coordinates (0, 15). After 1
hour (4:00 pm), the minute-hand advanced by 60 dials leaving the hour-hand 40 dials,
thus, coordinates (60, -40).
15
60
-40
(a) Together for the first time: The distance between the hands of the clock is zero. We
will therefore find X when Y is zero in our table.
(b) Perpendicular for the first time: The hour-hand is behind by 15 dials by the minute
hand. Let us find X when Y is -15.
(c) Straight line for the first time: The hour-hand is behind by 30 dials by the minute
hand, thus find X when Y is -30.
The above approach works fine but you need to mentally visualize the hands of the
clock to get the proper sign (positive or negative) and value of the coordinates. See for
example if the given time is 10:00 pm, the hands will be in straight line for the first
time with the hour hand advancing the minute hand by 30 dials. Thus Y is +30 and not
-30. This mental visualization takes the same effort as the traditional solution; the only
difference is the absence of drawing. Without the drawing is good already but we can
do better than that. The next approach will be more consistent, the only catch is that
you need to memorize the numbers 30 and 330. I think it is not hard to memorize that
numbers.
Approach No. 2
In the first approach, both X and Y are in dial units. In this second approach, the X
coordinate will be in dial and Y coordinates in degrees. Recall that in 1 hour, the hourhand will move 5 dials equivalent to 30 and the minute-hand moves for 60 dials or
360. The 1 hour difference is therefore 360 - 30 = 330 for the hour and minutehands of the clock. At 3:00 pm, the minute-hand is at -90 in reference with the hourhand, thus coordinates (0, -90). After 1 hour, that is at 4:00 pm, the minute hand
advanced the right hand by 330 - 90 = 240, thus coordinates (60, 240)
Explanation
-90
-3 30
60
240
330 - 90
(a) Together for the first time: The angle between the hands of the clock is zero. Find X
when Y is zero in our table.
(b) Perpendicular for the first time: The angle between the hour-hand and minute-hand
is 90. Let us find X when Y is 90.
AC 90 SHIFT 1[STAT] 7:Reg 4:x-caret
90x-caret = 32.73
(c) Straight line for the first time: The angle between the hour-hand and minute-hand
is 180, thus find X when Y is 180.
For me, the second approach is more rapid and easy to implement. I recommend you
master just one and be good at it.
Problem
How soon after 5:00 o'clock will the hands of the clock form a (a) 60-degree angle for
the first time, (b) 60-degree angle for the second time, and (c) 150-degree angle?
Explanation
-150
-5 30
60
180
330 - 150
answer
answer
answer
You may also like the calculator technique for arithmetic progression, geometric
progression, and harmonic progression.
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CASIO calculator
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manually. Calculator can easily solve for the value of fast and accurate than you.
Be aware however that not all scientific calculators are capable of solving such an
equation above. Make sure that the one you are going to use during the board
examination is capable of such type of calculation. This type of calculator will ease your
burden in doing the calculation and will let you focus on deriving the correct equation.
Personally, I love Casio and I am using the Casio fx-991ES. It can store multiple values
in its memory, with a wide screen and two way power. The following features are the
functions that I like most in this model.
The best calculator for the engineering board examination must at least have the
functions mentioned above. Any brand will do as long as it is allowed by PRC. The Casio
fx-991ES calculator is my personal preference, I am not promoting it, it just happen
that I am using it and satisfied with it. I know there are many more powerful
calculators out there. The most important is you know how to use it. Take note also that
not all calculators are allowed in engineering board examinations. Generally,
programmable calculators are not allowed. The PRC has a list of allowed calculators in
the board examination. Note however that the page on that link is outdated and many
more models are added in that list. You may visit the PRC office nearest you and ask for
the most recent list of allowed calculators.
If you ask me what is my preferred brand. I am using Casio as mentioned above and it
is my preferred brand. For what model, I found the following Casio models excellent to
use: fx-570ES, fx-570ES Plus, fx-115ES, fx-115ES Plus, fx-991ES, and fx-991ES
Plus.
In the next days, I will be doing series of posts on how to do shortcut solutions using
the calculator. There are many time saving calculator techniques in solving
engineering math problems. We've been doing these techniques inside the review, and I
think it would be beneficial to you if as early as now you will learn how to do it. So don't
forget to come back, subscribe to us or like us on FaceBook so that you will be notified
with our new posts.
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This post will focus on progression progression. To illustrate the use of calculator, we
will have sample problems to solve. But before that, note the following calculator keys
and the corresponding operation:
Name
Key
Operation
Name
Key
Operation
Shift
SHIFT
(Sigma)
SHIFT log
Mode
MODE
Solve
SHIFT CALC
Alpha
ALPHA
Logical
equals
ALPHA CALC
Stat
SHIFT 1[STAT]
Exponent
x[]
AC
AC
Traditional Solution
For a little background about Arithmetic Progression, the traditional way of solving this
problem is presented here.
common difference
first term
52nd term
answer
answer
X (for n)
Y (for an)
12
30
180
To find the 52nd term, and again AC 52 SHIFT 1[STAT] 7:Reg 5:y-caret and
make sure you place 52 in front of y-caret.
52y-caret = 334
250x-caret = 40
answer for n
To find the common difference, solve for any term adjacent to a given term, say 7th
term because the 6th term is given then do 7y-caret - 12 = 7 for d. For some fun,
randomly subtract any two adjacent terms like 18y-caret - 17y-caret, etc. Try it!
answer
answer
Another way to solve for the sum is to use the calculation outside the STAT mode.
The concept is to add each term in the progression. Any term in the progression is
given by an = a1 + (n - 1)d. In this problem, a1 = -23 and d = 7, thus, our equation for
an is an = -23 + (n - 1)(7).
Reset your calculator into general calculation mode: MODE 1:COMP then SHIFT log.
Sum of first 60 terms:
Or you can do
Or you may do
Traditional Solution
ShowClick here to show or hide the solution
Solution by Calculator
Why AB^X?
The nth term formula an = a1rn 1 for geometric progression is exponential in form, the
variable n in the formula is the X equivalent in the calculator.
MODE 3:STAT 6:AB^X
18
answer
To solve for n,
AC 9565938 SHIFT 1[STAT] 7:Reg 4:x-caret
9565938x-caret = 15
answer
answer
You may also sove the sum outside the STAT mode
(MODE 1:COMP then SHIFT log[])
Each term which is given by an = a1rn 1.
answer
Or you may do
(2 3ALPHA X) = 59048
Solution by Calculator
MODE 3:STAT 8:1/X
answer
I hope you find this post helpful. With some practice, you will get familiar with your
calculator and the methods we present here. I encourage you to do some practice, once
you grasp it, you can easily solve basic problems in progression.
If you have another way of using your calculator for solving progression problems,
please share it to us. We will be happy to have variety of ways posted here. You can use
the comment form below to do it.
Tags:
scientific calculator
calculator technique
CASIO calculator
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Comments
Re: Calculator Techniques for Solving Progression Problems
Submitted by Arnel Corpuz on July 20, 2015 - 4:54pm
thank you... very helpful!
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