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Calculator Technique for Solving


Volume Flow Rate Problems in Calculus
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Submitted by Romel Verterra on February 9, 2013 - 12:24am


The following models of CASIO calculator may work with this method: fx-570ES, fx570ES Plus, fx-115ES, fx-115ES Plus, fx-991ES, and fx-991ES Plus.

The following calculator keys will be used for the solution

Name

Key

Operation

Name

Key

Operation

Shift

SHIFT

Stat

SHIFT 1[STAT]

Mode

MODE

AC

AC

This is one of the series of post in calculator techniques in solving problems. You may
also be interested in my previous posts: Calculator technique for progression
problemsand Calculator technique for clock problems; both in Algebra.

Flow Rate Problem


Water is poured into a conical tank at the rate of 2.15 cubic meters per minute. The
tank is 8 meters in diameter across the top and 10 meters high. How fast the water
level rising when the water stands 3.5 meters deep.

Traditional Solution
rh=410

r=25h
Volume of water inside the tank
V=13r2h
V=13(25h)2h
V=475h3
Differentiate both sides with respect to time
dVdt=425h2dhdt
2.15=425h2dhdt
When h = 3.5 m
2.15=425(3.52)dhdt
dhdt=0.3492m/min

answer

Solution by Calculator
ShowClick here to show or hide the concept behind this technique
MODE 3:STAT 3:_+cX2

X
0
10
5

Y
0
42
22

AC 2.15 3.5y-caret = 0.3492

answer

To input the 3.5y-caret above, do


3.5 SHIFT 1[STAT] 7:Reg 6:y-caret

What we just did was actually v = Q / A which is the equivalent of dhdt=dV/dtA for this
problem.

Problem
Water is being poured into a hemispherical bowl of radius 6 inches at the rate of x cubic

inches per second. Find x if the water level is rising at 0.1273 inch per second when it is
2 inches deep?

Traditional Solution
Volume of water inside the bowl
V=13h2(3rh)
V=13h2[3(6)h]
V=13(18h2h3)
Differentiate both sides with respect to time
dVdt=13(36h3h2)dhdt
When h = 2 inches, dh/dt = 0.1273 inch/sec
dVdt=13[36(2)3(22)](0.1273)
x=7.9985in3/sec

answer

Calculator Technique
MODE 3:STAT 3:_+cX2

X
0
6
12

Y
0
62
0

AC 0.1273 2y-caret = 7.9985

answer

I hope you enjoy this post. Next time you solve problems involving flow rate, try to use
this calculator technique to save time.

Tags:

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discharge

velocity

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Calculator Technique for Solving Volume Flow Rate Problems in Calculus
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Calculator Techniques for Solving Progression Problems
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Calculator Technique for Clock Problems in


Algebra
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Submitted by Romel Verterra on January 30, 2013 - 12:58am


The following models of CASIO calculator may work with these methods: fx-570ES, fx570ES Plus, fx-115ES, fx-115ES Plus, fx-991ES, and fx-991ES Plus.

Before we go to Calculator technique, let us first understand the movements of the


hands of our continuously driven clock.

For simplicity, let "dial" be the unit of one hand movement and there are 60 dials in the
complete circle as shown in the figure.

1.

When the minute-hand moves 60 dials, the


hour hand moves 5 dials. The ratio of the two
movements, hour-hand over minute-hand, is
5/60 = 1/12. Thus, if the minute-hand will move
x-minutes, the hour-hand moves by x/12
minutes.

2.

When the second-hand moves 60 dials, the


minute-hand moves 1 dial. The ratio of the two
movements, minute-hand over second-hand, is 1/60. Thus, if the second-hand will
move x-seconds, the minute-hand moves by x/60 seconds, and the hour-hand also
moves by 1/12 of x/60 or x/720 seconds.

3.

The relationship of hand-movements can also be translated in terms of degree


unit which I found handy in calculator technique for board exam problems. We
know that a complete circle is equal to 360 and equal to 60 dials. Thus, 1 dial is
equivalent to 360/60 = 6 and five dials is equivalent to 5(6) = 30. Note that 1
dial move of the minute-hand is equivalent to 1 minute of time, and five dials move
of the hour-hand is equivalent to 1 hour of time.

Knowing all of the above, we can now develop the calculator technique for solving
clock-related problem. We will solve some example here in order to apply this time
saving technique.

Problem
What time after 3:00 o'clock will the minute-hand and the hour-hand of the clock be (a)

together for the first time, (b) perpendicular for the first time, and (c) in straight line
for the first time?

Traditional Solution
HideClick here to show or hide the solution
Part (a): The hands of the clock are together for the first time

Time = 3:16:21.82

Part (b): The hands of the clock are perpendicular for the first time

Time = 7:32:43.64

Part (c): The hands of the clock are in straight line for the first time

Time = 7:49:5.45

Clock related problems in Algebra is listed in our reviewer page


here:http://www.mathalino.com/reviewer/college-algebra/clock-related-problems

Solution by Calculator
The following calculator keys will be used.

Name

Key

Operation

Name

Key

Operation

Shift

SHIFT

Stat

SHIFT 1[STAT]

Mode

MODE

AC

AC

The relationship between the movements of the clock hands is linear. We can therefore
use the Linear Regression in STAT mode.

Approach No. 1
Take 3:00 pm as reference point. Initially, the minute-hand of the clock is at 0 dial and
the hour-hand of the clock is advance by 15 dials, thus, coordinates (0, 15). After 1
hour (4:00 pm), the minute-hand advanced by 60 dials leaving the hour-hand 40 dials,
thus, coordinates (60, -40).

MODE 3:STAT 2:A+BX

15

60

-40

(a) Together for the first time: The distance between the hands of the clock is zero. We
will therefore find X when Y is zero in our table.

AC 0 SHIFT 1[STAT] 7:Reg 4:x-caret


0x-caret = 16.36

Thus, time = 3:16.36 pm

(b) Perpendicular for the first time: The hour-hand is behind by 15 dials by the minute
hand. Let us find X when Y is -15.

AC -15 SHIFT 1[STAT] 7:Reg 4:x-caret


-15x-caret = 32.73

Thus, time = 3:32.73 pm

(c) Straight line for the first time: The hour-hand is behind by 30 dials by the minute
hand, thus find X when Y is -30.

AC -30 SHIFT 1[STAT] 7:Reg 4:x-caret


-30x-caret = 49.09

Thus, time = 3:49.09 pm

The above approach works fine but you need to mentally visualize the hands of the
clock to get the proper sign (positive or negative) and value of the coordinates. See for
example if the given time is 10:00 pm, the hands will be in straight line for the first
time with the hour hand advancing the minute hand by 30 dials. Thus Y is +30 and not
-30. This mental visualization takes the same effort as the traditional solution; the only
difference is the absence of drawing. Without the drawing is good already but we can
do better than that. The next approach will be more consistent, the only catch is that
you need to memorize the numbers 30 and 330. I think it is not hard to memorize that
numbers.

Approach No. 2
In the first approach, both X and Y are in dial units. In this second approach, the X
coordinate will be in dial and Y coordinates in degrees. Recall that in 1 hour, the hourhand will move 5 dials equivalent to 30 and the minute-hand moves for 60 dials or
360. The 1 hour difference is therefore 360 - 30 = 330 for the hour and minutehands of the clock. At 3:00 pm, the minute-hand is at -90 in reference with the hourhand, thus coordinates (0, -90). After 1 hour, that is at 4:00 pm, the minute hand
advanced the right hand by 330 - 90 = 240, thus coordinates (60, 240)

MODE 3:STAT 2:A+BX

Explanation

-90

-3 30

60

240

330 - 90

(a) Together for the first time: The angle between the hands of the clock is zero. Find X
when Y is zero in our table.

AC 0 SHIFT 1[STAT] 7:Reg 4:x-caret


0x-caret = 16.36

Thus, time = 3:16.36 pm

(b) Perpendicular for the first time: The angle between the hour-hand and minute-hand
is 90. Let us find X when Y is 90.
AC 90 SHIFT 1[STAT] 7:Reg 4:x-caret
90x-caret = 32.73

Thus, time = 3:32.73 pm

(c) Straight line for the first time: The angle between the hour-hand and minute-hand
is 180, thus find X when Y is 180.

AC 180 SHIFT 1[STAT] 7:Reg 4:x-caret


180x-caret = 49.09

Thus, time = 3:49.09 pm

For me, the second approach is more rapid and easy to implement. I recommend you
master just one and be good at it.

Problem
How soon after 5:00 o'clock will the hands of the clock form a (a) 60-degree angle for
the first time, (b) 60-degree angle for the second time, and (c) 150-degree angle?

Solution by Calculator Technique


MODE 3:STAT 2:A+BX

Explanation

-150

-5 30

60

180

330 - 150

(a) 60-degree angle for the first time


AC -60 SHIFT 1[STAT] 7:Reg 4:x-caret
-60x-caret = 16.36 minutes

answer

(b) 60-degree angle for the second time


AC 60 SHIFT 1[STAT] 7:Reg 4:x-caret
60x-caret = 38.18 minutes

answer

(c) 150-degree angle


AC 150 SHIFT 1[STAT] 7:Reg 4:x-caret
150x-caret = 54.54 minutes

answer

You may also like the calculator technique for arithmetic progression, geometric
progression, and harmonic progression.
Tags:

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calculator technique

CASIO calculator

clock problem by calculator

Romel Verterra's blog

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Calculator Techniques for Solving Progression Problems

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Schedule of Philippine Engineering Board Exams for Year 2013

How to Backup and Restore MySQL Database from Linux Command Line

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Quiz 2 - Common Maxima and Minima Problems

Problem 603 | Resultant of Concurrent Forces in Space

Problem 602 | Resultant of Concurrent Forces in Space

Quiz 1 - Basic Algebra

Problem 864 | Deflection by Three-Moment Equation

Active Forum Topics

patulong po i solve tong mga problems (Integral Calculus)

Solid Mensuration Kern and Blond

Discussion on: 007 Components of a force parallel and perpendicular to the


incline

Discussion on: Solution to Problem 113 Normal Stress

Velocity and Acceleration

Discussion on: Solution to Problem 625 | Moment Diagram by Parts

patulong po Hyperbolic and Inverse Hyperbolic functions problems (Integral


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I need help to calculate this beam midspan defflection and combine loads

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Romel Verterra's blog

Calculator for Engineering Board Exam


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Submitted by Romel Verterra on January 23, 2013 - 12:05pm


Any one who took an engineering board examination will agree with me that scientific
calculator is our best friend during the examination. It will speed up our work and will
allow us to go through the analysis of the problem. In most cases, solving the equation
is not the real issue, it is to write the correct equation that matters. If we are able to
determine the correct equation of a particular situation, the burden of that problem is
over. Our next step is obviously to solve for the desired value. It is important to note
that the correct answer can only be derived from the correct equation. To determine the
correct equation is where should our brain go, not in finding the solution of that
equation. You guess it right, we use our best friend, the scientific calculator, to do the
task. Don't do manual calculation please, the examiner will not give you bonus points in
finding the roots of

manually. Calculator can easily solve for the value of fast and accurate than you.

Be aware however that not all scientific calculators are capable of solving such an
equation above. Make sure that the one you are going to use during the board
examination is capable of such type of calculation. This type of calculator will ease your
burden in doing the calculation and will let you focus on deriving the correct equation.

Personally, I love Casio and I am using the Casio fx-991ES. It can store multiple values
in its memory, with a wide screen and two way power. The following features are the
functions that I like most in this model.

SOLVE - let you calculate the value of the


unknown by just writing the equation into the
calculator.

- it can do integration. You will love this


feature, believe me.

d/dx = useful for rapid differentiation

MATRIX - you can store up to 3 - 3 3


matrices and of course manipulate them.

VECTOR - can manipulate vector quantities

nPr and nCr - permuation and combination


of n things taken r at a time.

CONV - You forget how to convert mile to


kilometer? Don't worry.

CONST - What is the exact atmospheric


pressure? This calculator has up to 40 built-in constants in its memory.

STAT - as the key says.

and many more...

The best calculator for the engineering board examination must at least have the
functions mentioned above. Any brand will do as long as it is allowed by PRC. The Casio
fx-991ES calculator is my personal preference, I am not promoting it, it just happen
that I am using it and satisfied with it. I know there are many more powerful
calculators out there. The most important is you know how to use it. Take note also that
not all calculators are allowed in engineering board examinations. Generally,
programmable calculators are not allowed. The PRC has a list of allowed calculators in

the board examination. Note however that the page on that link is outdated and many
more models are added in that list. You may visit the PRC office nearest you and ask for
the most recent list of allowed calculators.

If you ask me what is my preferred brand. I am using Casio as mentioned above and it
is my preferred brand. For what model, I found the following Casio models excellent to
use: fx-570ES, fx-570ES Plus, fx-115ES, fx-115ES Plus, fx-991ES, and fx-991ES
Plus.

In the next days, I will be doing series of posts on how to do shortcut solutions using
the calculator. There are many time saving calculator techniques in solving
engineering math problems. We've been doing these techniques inside the review, and I
think it would be beneficial to you if as early as now you will learn how to do it. So don't
forget to come back, subscribe to us or like us on FaceBook so that you will be notified
with our new posts.

Update: Here is the updated list of allowed calculators.


Tags:

calculator for board exam

Casio

Casio fx-991ES

engineering board exam

scientific calculator

Casio fx-991ES Plus

Casio fx-570ES

Casio fx-570ES Plus

Romel Verterra's blog

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Plane Trigonometry

Solid Geometry

Spherical Trigonometry

Strength of Materials

Recent blog posts

Wazzup at MATHalino.com: July 2015

Polar Coordinate Printable Paper (Free Download)

MATHalino.com is now offering tutorials for Engineering Mathematics

Calculator Technique for Solving Volume Flow Rate Problems in Calculus

Calculator Technique for Clock Problems in Algebra

Calculator Techniques for Solving Progression Problems

Calculator for Engineering Board Exam

Schedule of Philippine Engineering Board Exams for Year 2013

How to Backup and Restore MySQL Database from Linux Command Line

How to Import large MySQL database to phpMyAdmin


More

Recent Updates

Equation of a curve with given equation of slope and passing through a point

03 Point P Inside an Isosceles Right Triangle

Quiz 3 - Engineering Economy

Problem 604 | Resultant of Concurrent Forces in Space

Wazzup at MATHalino.com: July 2015

Quiz 2 - Common Maxima and Minima Problems

Problem 603 | Resultant of Concurrent Forces in Space

Problem 602 | Resultant of Concurrent Forces in Space

Quiz 1 - Basic Algebra

Problem 864 | Deflection by Three-Moment Equation

Active Forum Topics

patulong po i solve tong mga problems (Integral Calculus)

Solid Mensuration Kern and Blond

Discussion on: 007 Components of a force parallel and perpendicular to the


incline

Discussion on: Solution to Problem 113 Normal Stress

Velocity and Acceleration

Discussion on: Solution to Problem 625 | Moment Diagram by Parts

patulong po Hyperbolic and Inverse Hyperbolic functions problems (Integral


Calculus)

I need help to calculate this beam midspan defflection and combine loads

Discussion on: Solution to Problem 141 Pressure Vessel

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Calculator Techniques for Solving


Progression Problems
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Submitted by Romel Verterra on January 27, 2013 - 11:22pm


This is the first round for series of posts about optimizing the use of calculator in
solving math problems. The calculator techniques I am presenting here has been known
to many students who are about to take the engineering board exam. Using it will save
you plenty of time and use that time in analyzing more complex problems. The
following models of CASIO calculator may work with these methods: fx-570ES, fx570ES Plus, fx-115ES, fx-115ES Plus, fx-991ES, and fx-991ES Plus.

This post will focus on progression progression. To illustrate the use of calculator, we
will have sample problems to solve. But before that, note the following calculator keys
and the corresponding operation:

Name

Key

Operation

Name

Key

Operation

Shift

SHIFT

(Sigma)

SHIFT log

Mode

MODE

Solve

SHIFT CALC

Alpha

ALPHA

Logical
equals

ALPHA CALC

Stat

SHIFT 1[STAT]

Exponent

x[]

AC

AC

Problem: Arithmetic Progression


The 6th term of an arithmetic progression is 12 and the 30 th term is 180.
1. What is the common difference of the sequence?
2. Determine the first term?
3. Find the 52nd term.
4. If the nth term is 250, find n.
5. Calculate the sum of the first 60 terms.
6. Compute for the sum between 12th and 37th terms, inclusive.

Traditional Solution
For a little background about Arithmetic Progression, the traditional way of solving this
problem is presented here.

HideClick here to show or hide the solution

common difference

first term

52nd term

40th term, a40 = 250

Sum of AP is given by the formula

Sum of the first 60 terms

answer

Sum between 12th and 37th terms, inclusive.

answer

Calculator Technique for Arithmetic Progression


Among the many STAT type, why A+BX?
The formula an = am + (n - m)d is linear in n. In calculator, we input n at X column and
an at Y column. Thus our X is linear representing the variable n in the formula.
Bring your calculator to Linear Regression in STAT mode:
MODE 3:STAT 2:A+BX and input the coordinates.

X (for n)

Y (for an)

12

30

180

To find the first term:


AC 1 SHIFT 1[STAT] 7:Reg 5:y-caret and calculate 1y-caret, be sure to place 1
in front of y-caret.
1y-caret = -23

answer for the first term

To find the 52nd term, and again AC 52 SHIFT 1[STAT] 7:Reg 5:y-caret and
make sure you place 52 in front of y-caret.
52y-caret = 334

answer for the 52nd term

To find n for an = 250,


AC 250 SHIFT 1[STAT] 7:Reg 4:x-caret

250x-caret = 40

answer for n

To find the common difference, solve for any term adjacent to a given term, say 7th
term because the 6th term is given then do 7y-caret - 12 = 7 for d. For some fun,
randomly subtract any two adjacent terms like 18y-caret - 17y-caret, etc. Try it!

Sum of Arithmetic Progression by Calculator


Sum of the first 60 terms:
AC SHIFT log[] ALPHA )[X] SHIFT 1[STAT] 7:Reg 5:y-caret SHIFT
)[,] 1 SHIFT )[,] 60 )

The calculator will display (Xy-caret,1,60) then press [=].


(Xy-caret,1,60) = 11010

answer

Sum from 12th to 37th terms,


(Xy-caret,12,37) = 3679

answer

Another way to solve for the sum is to use the calculation outside the STAT mode.
The concept is to add each term in the progression. Any term in the progression is
given by an = a1 + (n - 1)d. In this problem, a1 = -23 and d = 7, thus, our equation for
an is an = -23 + (n - 1)(7).

Reset your calculator into general calculation mode: MODE 1:COMP then SHIFT log.
Sum of first 60 terms:

(-23 + (ALPHA X - 1) 7) = 11010

Or you can do

(-23 + 7 ALPHA X) = 11010 which yield the same result.

Sum from 12th to 37th terms

(-23 + (ALPHA X - 1) 7) = 3679

Or you may do

(-23 + 7 ALPHA X) = 3679

Calculator Technique for Geometric Progression


Problem
Given the sequence 2, 6, 18, 54, ...
1. Find the 12th term
2. Find n if an = 9,565,938.
3. Find the sum of the first ten terms.

Traditional Solution
ShowClick here to show or hide the solution

Solution by Calculator

Why AB^X?
The nth term formula an = a1rn 1 for geometric progression is exponential in form, the
variable n in the formula is the X equivalent in the calculator.
MODE 3:STAT 6:AB^X

18

To solve for the 12th term


AC 12 SHIFT 1[STAT] 7:Reg 5:y-caret
12y-caret = 354294

answer

To solve for n,
AC 9565938 SHIFT 1[STAT] 7:Reg 4:x-caret
9565938x-caret = 15

answer

Sum of the first ten terms,


AC SHIFT log[] ALPHA )[X] SHIFT 1[STAT] 7:Reg 5:y-caret SHIFT
)[,] 1 SHIFT )[,] 10 )

The calculator will display (Xy-caret,1,10) then press [=].


(Xy-caret,1,10) = 59048

answer

You may also sove the sum outside the STAT mode
(MODE 1:COMP then SHIFT log[])
Each term which is given by an = a1rn 1.

(2(3ALPHA X - 1)) = 59048

answer

Or you may do

(2 3ALPHA X) = 59048

Calculator Technique for Harmonic Progression


Problem
Find the 30th term of the sequence 6, 3, 2, ...

Solution by Calculator
MODE 3:STAT 8:1/X

AC 30 SHIFT 1[STAT] 7:Reg 5:y-caret


30y-caret = 0.2

answer

I hope you find this post helpful. With some practice, you will get familiar with your
calculator and the methods we present here. I encourage you to do some practice, once

you grasp it, you can easily solve basic problems in progression.

If you have another way of using your calculator for solving progression problems,
please share it to us. We will be happy to have variety of ways posted here. You can use
the comment form below to do it.

Tags:

scientific calculator

calculator technique

CASIO calculator

arithmetic progression by calculator

geometric progression by calculator

harmonic progression by calculator

Romel Verterra's blog

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44751 reads

Comments
Re: Calculator Techniques for Solving Progression Problems
Submitted by Arnel Corpuz on July 20, 2015 - 4:54pm
thank you... very helpful!

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