Vortex shedding in cylinders

Prakash
Mithun Singh
AM5530 ADVANCED FLUID MECHANICS
Technical paper presentation
IIT MADRAS

Nov 8, 2015

PRAKASH, MITHUN SINGH (IIT MADRAS)

Vortex shedding in cylinders

Nov 8, 2015

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Outline
Introduction
Governing equations
Pre-vortex shedding stage
CD vs Re
St vs Re
Mechanism of vortex shedding
Methods used to control vortex shedding
Conclusion
References

PRAKASH, MITHUN SINGH (IIT MADRAS)

Vortex shedding in cylinders

Nov 8, 2015

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Introduction
Starting from Leonardo da Vinci, the phenomenon of vortex
shedding in blunt objects has been a major concern

Vortex shedding painting of Leonardo da Vinci (https://haolu.wordpress.com)

This vortex shedding often occurs due to the instabilities

caused during the flow, geometry of the bluff body and
Reynolds number
This phenomenon causes structural failures in civil
applications
PRAKASH, MITHUN SINGH (IIT MADRAS)

Vortex shedding in cylinders

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Governing equations
Continuity:
(rur ) (u )
+
=0
r

r-momentum:
ur
1 p
1
ur
1 2 ur ur
2 u
ur u ur u2
+ ur
+

=
+(
(r
)+ 2
2 2
)
t
r
r
r
r
r r
r
r 2
r
r
-momentum:
u
u u u ur u
1 p
1
u
1 2 u
2 ur u
+ ur
+

=
+(
(r
)+ 2
+ 2
2)
t
r
r
r
r
r r
r
r 2
r
r

PRAKASH, MITHUN SINGH (IIT MADRAS)

Vortex shedding in cylinders

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Pre-vortex shedding stage

Re = 40: Two symmetrical vortices are formed on either side of
horizontal axis of cylinder

Symmetric vortices at Re = 40(http://www.computationalfluiddynamics.com.au)

PRAKASH, MITHUN SINGH (IIT MADRAS)

Vortex shedding in cylinders

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Pre-vortex shedding stage (Contd)

PRAKASH, MITHUN SINGH (IIT MADRAS)

Vortex shedding in cylinders

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Pre-vortex shedding stage (Contd)

Reason for the symmetric break:
Non-uniform inlet conditions
Irregularity of the boundary conditions
Perturbation in the progression of experiment
If the analysis is done numerically, the above perturbations
can be neglected.
But Braza M., Chassaing P., and Ha Minh H, had
numerically matched the results with experiments.
This is due to the fact that the periodic fluctuations of flow
past a cylinder due to increase in Re is an inherent property
of Navier- Stokes equation.

PRAKASH, MITHUN SINGH (IIT MADRAS)

Vortex shedding in cylinders

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CD vs Re

() Numerical simulation (Son.S and Hanratty.J), symbols are experimental investigation by Kawaguti & Jain, Apelt, Thoman &
Szewezyk

PRAKASH, MITHUN SINGH (IIT MADRAS)

Vortex shedding in cylinders

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St vs Re

Numerical simulation by M. Braza, P. Chassaing and H. Ha Minh

PRAKASH, MITHUN SINGH (IIT MADRAS)

Vortex shedding in cylinders

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Mechanism of vortex shedding

A - Low pressure region created due to the lower shear layer

B-B - Interaction of upper and lower shear layer
C - Suction created at the core of vortex

PRAKASH, MITHUN SINGH (IIT MADRAS)

Vortex shedding in cylinders

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Mechanism of vortex shedding (Contd)

Due to instability, the upper shear layer rolls up and forms a

vortex with core (C) creating a suction.
This suction attracts the lower shear layer towards itself.
The lower shear is bifurcated, part of which moves towards
the vortex core and part of which rolls up, leaving behind a
low pressure region (A).
The part of lower shear layer moving towards the vortex
core is again bifurcated and again part of which continues
to move towards the vortex core.

PRAKASH, MITHUN SINGH (IIT MADRAS)

Vortex shedding in cylinders

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Mechanism of vortex shedding (Contd)

The other part meets the upper shear layer creating a notch
(B-B ). Now this is in the state of a rubber band pulled
beyond elastic limit.
Now the vortex attains enough strength such that the stress
created in the vortex region pulls the notched upper shear
layer causing the breakdown.
This phenomenon is repeated again in the lower region
causing the periodic vortex shedding

PRAKASH, MITHUN SINGH (IIT MADRAS)

Vortex shedding in cylinders

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Methods used to control vortex shedding

Suction in the cylinder at Re = 1500 almost reduced the

shedding [Sun et al.,(1986)]
Small cylinder/pin in the near wake region [Strykowski
(1986)]
Splitter plate
Bleed flow

PRAKASH, MITHUN SINGH (IIT MADRAS)

Vortex shedding in cylinders

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Conclusion

The cause of instabilities in experimental investigation has

been studied
The reduction in CD as Re is increased in the laminar region
has been studied
The significance of Strouhal number with the increase in
Reynolds number has been studied
The mechanism of vortex shedding has been studied

PRAKASH, MITHUN SINGH (IIT MADRAS)

Vortex shedding in cylinders

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Reference

Braza M., Chassaing P., and Ha Minh., Numerical study and physical analysis of the
pressure and velocity fields in the near wake of a circular cylinder., J.Fluid Mech, vol 165,
pp 79-130

Franke R., Rodi W., and Schonung B., Numerical Calculation Of Laminar Vortex shedding
Flow Past Cylinders, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics., J. wind
engineering and industrial aerodynamics, 35 (1990) 237-257

Son S., and Hanratty J., numerical solution for the flow around a cylinder at Reynolds
number of 40, 200 and 500., J.Fluid Mech. (1969), vol 35, part 2, pp. 369-386

Rhosko A., Experiments on the flow past a circular cylinder at very high Reynolds
number., Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena, California, Nov 1960

H. Oertel, Jr., Wake behind blunt bodies., Annual review in Fluid mechanics, 1990, 22:
539-64

PRAKASH, MITHUN SINGH (IIT MADRAS)

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Thank you!!

PRAKASH, MITHUN SINGH (IIT MADRAS)

Vortex shedding in cylinders

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