Planning for an ideal Sustainable Village.

Project Design
Goal: - Brought sustainability in Natural Resources through
community empowerment, soil and water conservation measures
and promotion of sustainable agricultural practices, which lead to
a sustainable income to the families, generated employment
opportunities and communal harmony.

Objective: - I
To increase the water available for irrigation and consumption
purposes through developing surface and ground water resources
by the end of project period, in order to increase the Kharif and
Rabi crop in catchments area.

Strategy: As large proportions of this area are engaged in agriculture

activities and most of the areas are unproductive due to water
table depletion. Construction of desalting and digging of new
ponds and also constructed Earthen Embankment, Check dam
and Nalla bund in order to increase the water storage facility in the
area.

Indicator:

Water table will increase in the area by 40%.

The area of 2nd crop will increase by 30%.

Water for animal consumption.

No. of intervention will increase.

Objective II: To decrease soil erosion and increase soil fertility, which will result
the greater productivity of yield in two years of time.

Strategy: Due to steep slopes gully formation is too high. This erosion can be
arrested and controlled through the construction of farm bund,
canal, gully plugs, which will reduce the velocity of running water
and help to reduce soil erosion. Also construct staggered trenches,
contour bund, field bunds and a forestation.

Indicator:

Number of farm bunds will increase.

Number of Loose boulder farm spillways increase.

Number of Gully plugs and plant saplings in community lands

increase.

Objective III: To mobilize people for sustainable agriculture in order to provide

better plant food and also check the environmental pollution.

Strategy: To start some model Vermi-compost in each village. It is the way of

processing the organic wastes into a better plant food by using
earthworm. Side by side promote kitchen garden using the
available land closer to their own house. This way there will be
clean environment around the village. Thus they will not go to
market to buy vegetables. They will grow green vegetable for their
own consumption even for the sale.

Indicator: -

Number of Vermi-compost pit will increase in the village.

There will be kitchen garden in each family.

Health condition of the people will be better.

Objective IV: Empowerment

of

the

target

group

on

natural

resource

management and promote of self-governance by strengthening of

community based organizations. The implementation of work will
be by the people and for the people.

Strategy: Various types of trainings, awareness programs and capacity

building

programs

highlighting

will

implications

be

conducted
of

improper

for

the

community,

natural

resource

management to create a confidence among them in implementing

this project. The environment management committee members,
SHG and village leaders will be taken for an exposure visit.

Indicator:

The community will handle the work.

Their capacity will increase by doing the work.

Better knowledge about integrated environmental management

program.

Objective V
Motivate the farmers to cultivate drought tolerant crops according
to their land type. This will give good result as well as early verity
so that they can cultivate rain-fed Rabi crop.

Strategy: - To contact Agriculture University and provide early

verity paddy or drought tolerant Paddy to the farmers. At present

we have Ashoka paddy which is a short duration paddy takes 85

days. After harvesting paddy farmers can go for Bengal gram that
is ICCV-2 which does not need much rain.

Indicator:

2nd crop coverage area will increase by 20%.

Farmers will get additional income.

Farmers will start to sale their produce in the market.

Cropping system will be changed.

Sufficient Fodder for animal.

The objectives can be brought in to the following heads

1. The capacity building of the community through group
formation, empowerment and action for owning up and
sustainability of the project.
2. Bringing sustainability in farming and Natural Resources of the
area through soil and water conservation and sustainable
farming practices.
3. Bringing seed sufficiency in the area for preserving the
hereditary of farming and ensuring the sustainability of the
effect of intervention.
4. Promotion of Organic Marketing outlet
5. Promotion of Sustainable Agriculture through IEC.
6. To increase the ground water level in the well/tube well.
7. To preserve water conservation.
8. To prevent soil erosion.
9. To promote sustainable agriculture.

10.To create awareness on organic farming, seed banking,

watershed & natural resource.

Common Strategy Adopted

Capacity building of the community by sensitisation, forming

social structures.

Promotion of soil and Water Conservation Measures.

Promotion of Organic Farming in a sustainable manner.

Promotion of Traditional Farming Practices.

Agro forestry and pasture land development.

Promotion of seed banks.

Need assessment and Problem identification

The major problems in the area requiring attention are

Lack of irrigation facilities and inadequate extension services

resulting in continuation of traditional system of agriculture,
mainly focussing on Kharif crop.

Unemployment/ under/employment in lean season resulting in

migration.

Malnutrition, Health issues.

Inadequate educational facilities & poor social condition of women.

Alcoholism and superstitions among villagers.

Unutilization of excess runoff water for second crops or even for

supplement irrigation resulting in detoriating socio-economic
condition of tribal farmers.

Priority based Needs Assessment: Fire Wood Demand

For the cooking purpose the people are using firewood getting from the
Jungle. There are about 792.839 acre protected Forest. Under social
forestry, a program is there near to the watershed area. So there is a
culture in the area to protect there own mini plantation within their land
holds. So this area is not so far affected with the deficiency of fire wood.
But in future, the excessive use of fire wood may cause deficiency of trees
in the area. So through this watershed program we wish to promote the
culture of social forestry among the families of this area. The common
trees of the area are Sagon (Teakwood), Bija and Sal, fruit crops like
Mahuwa, Chironji, Mango and tamarind.

Type of fuel
Fire wood
Dried cow dung
Bio gas plants
LPG

Demand per day

No HHs

Total Demand in

per HH
12 kg
0
Nill
Nill

depended
174
0
Nill
Nill

a year in Tonne
762.12
0
Nill
Nill

Assess fire wood demand per family per day x no of family x 3650

Fire wood requirement of the area @ 12 kg/HH/day = 762.12

Area required for planting for the fire wood assuming @ 20 Tone fire
wood/Ha/day = 38.106 Ha
Assume that the plants can be cut after 3 years so that area of
plantation = 114.32 Ha
So as our NRM project we promote in focus at least 114 Ha of land with
plantation especially to supply fire wood

Details of Livestock
As part of the agriculture, the people of the area are rearing various
livestock. The details are given in the table below.
Type
Cows
Bullocks
Buffalo
Goats
Pig
Poultry
Others
Total

No
animals
472
316
53
238
118
741
0
1938

of

Fodder Demand of the Animals: In the target area generally animals are left out for open grazing for about
6 months, when the land is dry. In most of the area the growth of grass
is insufficient, moreover due to excessive erosion of soil the growth of
grass does not take place. Hence in dry season there is nothing left for
the animals to graze. In other 6 months they are given fodder at home,
so the animals look healthy. Since the animals get insufficient fodder,
there is insufficient cow dung as well. Therefore farmyard manure is also
very little, due to which people use chemical fertilizer.
Type

Cows
Bullocks
Buffalo
Goats
Pig
Poultry
Others
Total

No of

Fodder

Total fodder

animals

requirement

demand per day

472
316
53
238
118
741
0
1938

Kg/No
35
40
40
5
0
0
0
120

Kg
18880
12640
2120
1190
0
0
0
32470

The total fodder demand to feed 1938 animals in a day = 324701000=

32.47 Tone.
So that fodder demand per year = 32.47 x 365 = 11851.55Tonne
So that area needed to produce fodder @ 35 Tone/Ha/year =11851 /35
=338Ha.

Water demand of the watershed areaWater demand is mainly for human consumption, animal consumption,
and for agriculture use. So far the community have not been able to tap
stream water for agricultural purposes. Irrigation is done only in area on
the bank of the Nala and river.

Water demand for house holds use in the watershed areaNo. Of HH in

Water demand Total water demand per Yearly

The Watershed Per HH in

S. No. Area
1
174

Litre / day
150

Day in watershed

Water Demand

Area for HH use in litre In litre

26100
95265000

Water demand for animals use in the watershed areaType

No of
animals

Cows
Bullocks
Buffalo
Goats
Pig
Poultry
Others

472
316
53
238
118
741
0

Total water
Water Demand

demand of

Per animal per

the animals per

Yearly Water

day
70
75
80
15
5
1
0

Day
33040
23700
4240
3570
590
741
0

Demand in liters
12059600
8650500
1547600
1303050
215350
270465
0

Total

1938

246

65881

24046565

Water demand for cultivation use in the watershed areaType of Life span of in Area

No

crop

cropping

days

under

of Water

cultivated
1
Paddy
Pulses
Millets
Maize
Sesame
Total

2
90-120
150
80
110
100

Ha3
228
10
15
8
15
279

4
1
1
1
1
1
9

Total

demand-

demand

litters per Ha

(3x4x5)per

5
13000000
2500000
100000
2000000

year litres
6
2964000000
25000000
1500000
16000000

17600005

3006500006

So total water requirement for the sustainability of the agriculture and

for the survival of the people of the area=9526500 + 24046565 +
3006500006 = 3040073071 liters.
Total Watershed Area=2505.43 Ha
The total depth of water required as per the area selected
= 3040073071 x 100/ (1000x1072x10000)
=12.13 Cm
The Total average annual rainfall of the area = 1365 mm= 136.5 cm
The % of rain water required for meeting the water demand =12.13 x
100/136.5)=8.88%

Food requirement of the families of the area-

water

The food requirements assessment of the area has done as part of the
preparation of this project and the assessment made were as follows.

S.
N.

1
2
3

Food

items

used
per day/HH

Rice
Pulses
Oil
Vegetables
4
Potato
5
Onion
6
Tomato
7
Brinjal
8
Wheat
9
Ladies Finger
10 Drum stick
11 Cabbage
12 Beetroot
13 Beans
14 Bitter Guard
15 Cucumber
16 Pumkin
17 Plantains
18 Water melon
19 Raddish
19 Papaya
Total

Qty
required
in Kg per
HH

Rat

Qtl used

per year in

/kg

Kg

Amount

Productivity
Qtl/Acre

2
0.5
0.2

12
20
55

127020
31755
12702

1524240
635100
698610

8
3
3

0.2
0.5
0.25
0.1
0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.03
0.3
0
0
0.25
5.18

10
16
10
6
0
10
20
5
10
10
16
10
5
10
0
0
10

12702
31755
15877.5
6351
0
12702
6351
6351
3175.5
6351
12702
6351
1905.3
19053
0
0
15877.5
328981.8

127020
508080
158775
38106
0
127020
127020
31755
31755
63510
203232
63510
9526.5
190530
0
0
158775
4696565

16
20
15
6
7
15
25
10
3
4
10
12
20

50
227

Qty

Area

required

required

per family

production

per

per

year

Famlily

in Qtl
7.3
1.825
0.73

in Acre
0.91
0.61
0.24

0.73
1.825
0.913
0.365
0
0.73
0.365
0.365
0.183
0.365
0.73
0.365
0.11
1.095
0
0
0.913
18.909

0.05
0.09
0.06
0.06
0.1
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.12
0.18
0.04
0.01
0.05

0.02
2.59

for

So the study made shows that at least 2.59 Acre area is needed to
meet the food requirement of the area. But the total cost of food
items per year per family comes to about Rs.26991 the average
land holding of the area is about 5 Acre per family and the annual
income from the land is about Rs. 6000/year. So most of them are
going outside for labor work and there by them are meeting the
basic needs. But from September to October they are not having
any external work and with out having any income they struggle to
feed their stomach. So, it is an essential to promote kitchen
gardening in the area and also to start seed bank. Also training is
needed to promote organic farming in the area. The fertilizer usage
has become now a days more. So the importance of organic farming
is to be introduced

Activities Planned:
1. Farm Pond: - Seven new dug out type farm ponds, deepening of
one existing dug out type farm ponds and three embankment type
farm pond in the villages for conservation of rainwater, which
would be percolated in the field and maintain the moisture in the
land. Farmers will be able to use this water for irrigation and
almost 150 households will directly benefit from these ponds.
2. Earthen contour/Farm Bund: The project area is having some
portion as wasteland. The people cultivate only cereal corps etc,
but not in sufficient yield. Due to heavy rain more soil erosion

takes place and no soil moisture is left in the field. Therefore we

propose 46143 m of contour/farm bund in our watershed area for
water and soil conservation.
3. Loose Bolder (LB) and D.R. Masonry Gully Plugs: - In the
project area 100 LB gully plugs and 75 DR masonry gully plugs
proposed as this watershed does not have sufficient soil water
conservation structure to check the velocity of the runoff and
prevent the soil erosion which removes the top fertile soil of the
land. Therefore the people want to prevent the soil erosion and to
reduce water flow in slow speed in order to check and conserve
water in all the direction of the area. Thus we want to construct
the medium and large gully plugs with mud, stone and stone bund
etc.
4. Grass Plantation: - To fulfill the need of grass fodder for animals,
we will motivate the farmers during the first year, preparing the
grass seedling to improve the fodder and production. Planting
suitable local species on pond boundaries, barren land and the
field boundaries could help to increase and provide fodder for
animals.
5. Tree Plantation: - The need for tree plantation is mainly for the
purpose of fire wood and timber wood. Many kinds of species of
tress will be planted in the watershed area, other farm and barren
land with the support and cooperation of the people. Tree guards
will be planted with local materials to protect the new saplings in
the land. Choices will be given to plant local thorny bushes on
bunds and boundaries to avoid shade on food crops. The farmers

will be given incentive for digging each plant and tree guards. The
choice of tree species will be decided by the organization after the
detail interaction with the community and beneficiaries concerned.
6. Seed Bank: The Project area is a drought proven one. The people
in this area depends on agriculture alone. All the people of this
area are affected by the frequent droughts and they are mostly
tribals and dalit communities who are the inhabitants. This
situation adversely affects their food security. During monsoon the
farmers purchase costly seeds from the market at the cost of
borrowing money from moneylenders or others, which affects their
economic condition.
There are a number of available traditional seeds but the people
dont use the local seeds due to various reasons as such fear of
less yielding crops. We will conduct training for marginal farmers
to create awareness about the use of traditional seed and teach
them how to prepare the local seed. We will motivate the marginal
farmers to save their grains as soon as their crops are harvested.
Therefore the seed/grain bank would be like a saving bank. People
own this bank as a cooperative, where each farmer saves some
grain & keep it for the next year. They benefit in two ways from this
grain bank.
1. The grains are gathered, stored and taken care of without
any damage, which could be sold to the farmers in a low rate
than the market one.
2. The farmers will have enough seed in the next monsoon with
the choice of better qualities according to their land with
minimum infection of pests and diseases. The grain bank

would help the farmers and also others who are in need of
such seeds.
Each village will select the minimum member of 40 marginalized
farmers for the seed bank by the recommendation of the watershed
committees.
The project staff will give awareness to the committee members on
the functions of the seed bank, its maintenance and duty of the
committee members.
In the initial stage, Rs. 1200/- will be given to the families for the
seed/grain bank from which, distribute Rs. 1000/- worth of
different seeds and Rs. 200/- as local contribution to be used for
acquiring common storage, containers, weighing machines etc. The
beneficiaries would pay 25% extra in repayment of the seeds and
the service charges.
The Sustainability of the seed bank will be ensured in the following
manner

Promotion of traditional seeds first and then the new verities

to keep a balance in the ecosystem.

Seed bank should be managed under the watershed

committee.

The seeds for the bank should be selected to full fill the food
demand of the area. Or the seeds for the kitchen garden are
also important to preserve along with the cereals and cash
crops.

There can be various levels in the preservation of seed

ranging from individual farmers house to the watershed
committee level.

The bulk seeds can be stored along with the market space
running by the watershed committee.

The seeds supplied to the farmers will be taken back 120%

to the watershed committee and again the 100% seeds can
be supplied to the farmers for cultivation. The additional
seeds collected can be make use for the sustenance of the
seed bank and a small amount also can be collected from the
farmers while giving the seeds to the farmers for sawing in
the second time eg. Rs 50/- per Kg. This money and the 20%
of additional seeds collected can assure the sustainability
and expansion of the seed bank.

We can think of any insurance scheme or some thing like

that to reduce the risk of looting of seeds from the storage
space.

7.

Smokeless Chulla: There are various types of smokeless chullas

which have been developed by different organizations. We are
planning to develop our own model with the participation of the
local people in the project area. In the initial stage training will be
given to two-three local women (village) and provide exposure for
them. The trained women will make smokeless chulla for other
families in the watershed area who are in need of it.

8.

Promotion of organic Manure through Vermi-Compost

Boxes : The indiscriminiable use of chemical fertilizers have
increased an imbalance in the fertility levels of the soil. It has
resulted in increase in microbes and carbonates.

As a result of this, the soil gets hardened for which the farmers
need excessive irrigation, which again creates imbalances in land
and water resources. To keep up the balance in the elements of
environment therefore the need to promote organic manures and
fertilizers proposed in this programme, which involves construction
of vermin compost pits and production of vermin compost.
Size of vermi unit (pit) = length

= 10 feet x width 3 feet x hight

2.5 feet
After construction of the tank in single brick wall and cement
masonry, saw dust in layed at the bottom on which water is
sprayed. Then 30 earthworms per Sq.ft. are placed on it, after 60%
organic waste is filled in the tank. The rest of the 40% space in
filled with cowdung. While doing this filling, stone, glass and
plastic pieces are removed as these interfere in the smooth
production of vermin compost manure. The entire structure need a
shed like set up covering it which will be done by the beneficiaries
through local contribution.
9.

Kitchen Garden: - The economic situation of the people of the

target villages is very poor. Their source of income is mainly based
on agriculture and as agriculture is fully depended on monsoon.
The major crop of the area is paddy (rice) but some farmers
cultivate groundnut, oil seeds, etc. Purchase of vegetables every
day is very expensive and regular absence of green vegetables
creates health disorders. Low income directly affects their health.
Due to less investment and non-availability of green vegetables
people are not healthy especially women & children face a lot of
health problems like: Malnutrition, Anemia, Weakness, Common

Fever, Cold & Cough etc. Because of the above situation kitchen
garden activity is a best solution for them. By this activity women
can cultivate green vegetables with minimum work and lowest cost.
Villagers can use their kitchen wastage and drainage water for
kitchen garden. This garden can be formed near their houses even
those families holding small plot of land. In the beginning stage (1 st
year) the organization will provide seeds of worth of Rs. 150 x 130
families in a village. After producing the farmers will be prepared to
have seeds for the next kitchen garden.
10. Marginal Bundings: Marginal bunding is provided for checking
the erosion and conserving the water at field. This is providing
along the contour lines to conserve soil and water arise as per the
community demand.
11. Nursery Raising: The project would raise up nursery so that
there can be sufficient plants for Plantation.
12. Fodder cultivation: To supply the fodder need of the cattles so as
to prevent free grazing, this activity as been proposed.
13. Stone pitched spillways: The need to divert the excess water
safely to other direction so as to keep the structure safe and in
shape the stone pitched spillways are provided in each structure
and in places where there is need of safe disposal of water.

Capacity Building:
1. Exposure Programme: This NRM programme is new for the
villagers and for the project staff. They need to know and
understand the concept of the NRM through exposure. Our
project staff and some watershed committee members will visit

the site of a model watershed project. During exposure the

participants

will

observed

study

and

interact

with

the

stakeholders etc. It will be very useful for them to gain

knowledge of various water, soil conservation structures,
function of the watershed committees and earn how to
implement their project in a successful manner.
2. Sustainable Agriculture Training: - In the project area, the
farmers practice traditional corps pattern as they cultivate
mainly paddy using fertilizers and pesticides. Thus the land
becomes less fertile more expensive day by day and the farmers
are caught up in the grip of debt. There is need to create
awareness

and

training

for

the

farmers

on

sustainable

agriculture: like organic farming, cropping pattern, bio-compost,

mix cultivation, seed preparation, field preparation etc.

The Sustainability of the Organic Farming Promotion

can be ensured by the following ways
Training on the theory and structural interventions like
vermi composting, making Amruth pani etc
Promotional activities of organic farming should be under
taken by the watershed committee.
Forming organic farmers network under the watershed
committee.
Marketing outlet under the watershed committee to sell the
organic products produced within the watershed area.
3. Training on Gender Sensitisation: - The people in the
project area especially women seed to be awakened in social,

economic and political issues. They need to be strengthened

sensitized and empowered in order to bring equality between
men and women in the society.
4. Awareness training on watershed: - The farmers in the
project area are not aware of the concept of NRM therefore we
will conduct a number of training for the committee members
and farmers. The concept of watershed, soil, water conservation
structures and the functions of the watershed committees will
be explained to them by different skills & techniques. Through
this training programme we will encourage the farmers and
committee to actively participate in all the activities of the
project to enable them towards the sustainability of this
programme.
5. Village Level Health Awareness and Health Check up

Camps: The villages (in the project area) are located in a very
remote area and are isolated. There are lack of facilities and
poor health and hygiene. The people are affected much during
rainy seasons with various sicknesses like diarrhea, malaria,
jaundice etc. The women and children always suffer due to
anemia, malnutrition and common sicknesses.
Organizing health camp once in a year is a must to create
health awareness in the people and to have treatment for the
various sicknesses with the help of the primary health centre.
6. Immunization Camp for Animal Husbandry: Besides the
agricultural work the farmers do spend enough time for animal
husbandry. The farmers rare cows, goats, buffalos, hens etc.

Due to different seasons (monsoon, summer) and diseases

many animals die at a time, which is a great loss for them and
also their main concern. Therefore to conduct a camp for animal
husbandry is a great necessary to make people aware of about
the disease and sicknesses of the animals and to motivate them
to immunize then animals with the help of animal husbandry
deportment.
7. Formation of Watershed Committees: - The watershed
committees will play a vital role in the implementation of this
NRM programme. The committee will be responsible for all the
activities of the project. The main objectives of the watershed
concept is to create awareness among the villagers, to increase
more participation of the villagers and monitor the NRM
activities.
The watershed committee will consist of 30-40 members who
will

be

selected

by

the

villagers

either

through

some

consideration through voting system. The criteria for the

selection of the members will be according to population, caste
and gender.

Means to strengthen the Watershed committee through

the project
Discussion should be made on some topic or issues coming
in the newspaper between two meetings.

Meeting twice in a month

Making Linkages between PRIs and other agencies/

Departments, which are working for the same objectives.

Problems rising in the INRM related matters should be

discussed and the solutions to be find within the meeting
or task force can be formed to settle the issue from
watershed committee itself.

All the proper documents should be maintained and kept

within the committee.

Seed bank promotion should be done through the

watershed.

Organic

promotion

should

be

the

responsibility

of

watershed committee

Marketing outlet for the organic product should be formed

by each watershed committee.

Preparation of Cropping calendar and Cost analysis of

present crops to convince the farmers about the need for
promotion of Organic Farming.

The committee can divide the responsibilities of each

activity among them selves to intensify the activities.

The responsibilities of the watershed committee should be

written and displayed in Charts both in the centre office
and in the watershed committee office.

Registration of Watershed committee according to the

societies registration act.

The activities under taken as part of the watershed

project and the drawings and photos of each intervention
can be displayed in the watershed committee office.

IEC activities for promotion of Organic farming.

8. Training on Human Trafficking and Migration

This is a burning issue of this community. Due to lack of
productivity from agriculture and lack of other source of
income the families are forced to send their girl children for
working out side and they are sexually exploited in the cities.
In the project area itself more than 40 girls are out of home.
So as part of the INRM project it is planned to organize
training for the sensitization against the human trafficking
and migration.
9. Quarterly evaluation cum Planning: - We need to have
quarterly evaluation, meeting & planning for the successful
implementation of the project with the project stakeholders.
Therefore we will conduct a meeting once in three month
where

the

RDSWS

director,

project

staff,

watershed

committee members and villagers be present. In this meeting

they will analyse and evaluate the past activities and plan for
the next three months activities for the steady progress of
the project.
10. Farmers and Staff:
Three days training program will be organized for the farmers
and staff to equip them with the best understanding of INRM
project, knowledge and skills to carryout the project. It will
be nice to have another follow-up program for the

same

group. In this they will understand more and will ready to

execute the project in a best way.

11. Exposure Visits Farmers and Staff: Staff members

and few selected farmers from each village will be taken for
the exposure visit to the model watershed area where our
farmers and villagers will get more idea and knowledge to
adapt the same pattern in their place. It will be easier for
them to understand watershed concept and implement. Five
days exposure program to far or near watershed area will be
selected.
12. Posters, Leaflets, Stickers and greetings cards for

the promotion of organic farming: To produce some

result in the watershed area it is very much needed to have
some posters in order to show them the real life given
situation. People will believe in the promotion of organic
farming. At present all the farmers are using the fertilizer to
increase their annual income. By the end of completion of
watershed people will use more of this type of farming. They
will be told about the consequences of the use of fertilizer.

13. Giving reward to the best organic farmer at the end of the

implementation of the NRM. At the end of the implementation of

INRM one of the best organic farmers will be awarded with Rs. 5000/- It
will be nice that from each village one farmer gets consolation prices of
Rs. 1000/- This will also motivate them to perform / implement in a
better way