04 Chapter 4

Kosky, Wise, Balmer, Keat: Exploring Engineering, Second Edition
Chapter 4: Energy: Kinds, Conversion, and Conservation

(Pay attention to the inferred number of significant figures in your answers!).
Conversion factors: 1.00 J = 0.738 ft-lbf; 1 kg = 2.20 lbm and gc = 32.2 lbm ft/lbf s2.
Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

4-1. Determine the translational kinetic energy of the automobile in Example 4.1 if its
speed was reduced to 55. miles per hour.
Need: TKE of vehicle of mass 1.0 103 kg at 55. mph
Know: 55. mph = 25. m/s (e.g., from convert.exe)
How: TKE = mv2
Solve: TKE = mv2 = 1.0 103 25.2 [kg][m/s]2 = 3.1 105 J
110
111
4-2. Determine the translational kinetic energy in Engineering English units of the
automobile in Example 4.1 if its mass was increased top 4.00 103 lbm.
Need: TKE of vehicle of mass 4.00 103 lbm at 55. mph
Know: 55. mph = 81. ft/s (e.g., from convert.exe); gc = 32.2 lbm ft/lbf s2
How: TKE = mv2/gc
Solve: TKE = mv2/gc = 4.00 103 81.2/ 32.2 [lbm] [ft/s]2/[lbm ft/lbf s2]
= 4.1 105 ft lbf
112
4-3. Determine the translational kinetic energy of the atmosphere in Example 4.2 if the
average air velocity increased to 15. m/s.
Need: TKE of terrestrial wind in J if wind = 15. m/s cp. 10.m/s
Know: At 10. m/s, TKE = 1.7 1020 J
How: TKE = mv2
Solve: TKE can be proportioned from previous solution: TKE v2 or
TKE = 1.7 1020 (15./10.)2 = 3.8 1020 J.
113
4-4. Repeat the calculation of Example 4.2 in Engineering English units. Check that your
answers agree with the solution in Example 4.2 using the appropriate conversion factors.
Need: Determine the translational kinetic energy of the atmosphere in Example
4.2 if the average air velocity increased to 15. m/s.
Know: TKE = 3.8 1020 J.
How: 1.00 J= 0.738 ft lbf
Solve: TKE = 3.8 1020 0.738 [J] [ft lbf/J] = 2.8 1020 ft lbf
114
4-5. What would the gravitational potential in SI units of the anvil in Example 4.5 if its
mass was 100. kg and the cliff was 1000. meters high?
Need: GPE of anvil of mass 100. kg located 1,000. m high.
Know - How: GPE = mgh; g = 9.81 m/s2
Solve: GPE = 100. 9.81 1,000. [kg][m/s2][m] = 9.81 105 J
115
4-6. Determine the gravitational potential energy (GPE) of an 8.00 103 kg truck 30. m
above the ground. (A: 2.4 106 J to two significant figures, since h is known only to two
significant figures.)
Need: GPE = ____ J
Know: Mass of truck = 8.00 103 kg; height above datum is 30. m.
How: GPE = mgh in SI units
Solve: GPE = 8.00 103 9.81 30. [kg] [m/s2] [m] = 2.4 106 J (to
two significant figures since h is known only to two significant figures.
116
4-7. A spring at ground levelthat is, at height = 0.00 mshoots a 0.80 kg ball upward
with an initial kinetic energy of 245 J. Assume that all of the initial TKE is converted to
GPE, how high will the ball rise (neglecting air resistance)?
Need: Maximum height = ____ m.
Know: Mass of ball = 0.80 kg; kinetic energy = 245 J.
How: Energy is conserved. Initial TKE = final GPE = mgh (SI units)
Solve: h = Initial TKE/mg = 245/(0.80 9.81)[J][1/kg][s2/m] = 31.2
[kg m2/s2][1/kg][s2m] = 31 m (two significant figures as is the mass of the
ball.)
117
4-8. Chunks of orbital debris can have speeds of 2.3 104 miles per hour. Determine the
translational kinetic energy (TKE) of a 2.0 103 lbm piece of this material in SI units.
Need: TKE = _____ J
Know: m = 2.0 103 lbm = 9.07 102 kg; v = 2.3 104 mph = 2.3 104/3600.
1609 [miles/hr][ hr/s][ m/mile] = 1.03 104 m/s.
How: TKE = mv2 in SI units.
Solve: TKE = 9.07 102 (1.03 104)2 [kg][m/s]2 = 4.803 1010
[kgm/s2][m] = 4.8 1010 J to two significant figures.
118
4-9. An airplane with a mass of 1.50 104 kg is flying at a height of 1.35 103 m at a
speed of 250. m/s. Which is larger, its translational kinetic energy or its gravitational
kinetic energy? (Support your answer with numerical evidence).
Need: TKE is _____ (greater/the same/ less than) GPE
Know: m = 1.50 104 kg, h = 1.35 103 m, v = 250. m/s
How: TKE = mv2, GPE = mgh, in SI units.
Solve: TKE = 1.50 104 250.2 [kg][m/s]2 = 4.69 108 J; GPE =
1.50 104 9.81 1.35 103 [kg][m/s2][m] = 1.99 108 J
TKE is greater than GPE
119
4-10. Determine the amount of gasoline required in Example 4.7 if the automobile was
travelling at 55. miles per hour.
Need: Gasoline equivalent of car of mass 1.00 103 kg traveling at 55. mph
Know: Gasoline energy = 1.30 105 J/gallon; 55. mph = 25. kg/s
How: Equate KE to PE of fuel burnt
Solve: TKE = 1.00 103 25.2 [kg][m/s]2 = 3.13 105 J
Let x = gasoline; then x 1.30 105 [gal][kJ/gal] = 3.13 102 kJ or x = 0.0024

gallons.

4-11. Suppose the 1.00 kg book in Example 6 fell from a height of 2.5 meters. What
would be the final energy of the classroom after the exchange of thermal energy?
Need: Classroom energy after thermal due to book fall is lost.
Know: GPE of book = mgh = 1.00 9.81 2.5 [kg][m/s2][m] = 24.5 J
How: Total energy conserved. Initial energy of 100. J = final + 24.5 J
Solve: Final energy = 76 J.
120
121
4-12. A vehicle of mass 1.50 104 kg is traveling on the ground with a TKE of 4.69
108 J. By means of a device that interacts with the surrounding air, it is able to convert
50% of the TKE into GPE. This energy conversion enables it to ascend vertically. To
what height above the ground does it rise?
Need: Height = _____ m
Know: m = 1.50 10 4 kg, TKE of 4.69 108 J
How: TKE = 4.69 108 J; GPE = mgh = TKE = 2.35 108 J.
Solve: mgh = TKE = 4.69 108 J, h = 2.35 108/(1.50 10 4
9.81) [J][1/kg][s2/m] = 1.594 103 [kg m2/s2][1/kg][s2/m] = 1.59 103 m.

4-13. Aeronautical engineers have invented a device that achieves the conversion of
kinetic to potential energy as described in problem 12. The device achieves this
conversion with high efficiency. In other words, a high percentage of the translational
kinetic energy of motion is converted into vertical lift with little lost to horizontal
drag What is the device called? (Hint: This is not rocket science).
Need: Name of device is ______
Solve: Name of device is a wing.
122

4-14. A hypervelocity launcher is an electromagnetic gun capable of shooting
projectile at very high speed. A Sandia National Laboratory hypervelocity
launcher shoots a 1.50 gram projectile that attains a speed of 14. km/s. How
much electromagnetic energy must the gun convert into TKE to achieve this
speed? Solve in SI.
Need: Energy converted into TKE = _____ J
Know: m = 1.50 10-3 kg, v = 14. 103 m/s
How: TKE = m v2
Solve: Energy converted into TKE = 1.50 10-3 (14. 103)2
[kg][m/s]2 = 1.470 105 [kg m/s2][m] = 1.5 102 kJ
123
124
4-15. Solve Exercise 14 in Engineering English units. (Check your answer by converting
the SI answer to Exercise 15 into Engineering English units.)
Need: Energy converted into TKE = ____ ft-lbf
Know: m = 1.50 10-3 kg = 3.30 10-3 lbm, v = 14. 103 m/s = 4.60
104 ft/s and gc = 32.2 lbm ft/lbf s2
How: TKE = m v2/gc in Engineering English units.
Solve: TKE = 3.30 10-3 (4.60 104)2/32.2 [lbm][ft/s]2[lbf s2/lbm
ft] = 1.1 105 ft-lbf
Check answer in SI units: 1.00 J = 0.738 ft-lbf so that 1.1 105 ft-lbf = 1.1
105/0.738 [ft lbf][J/ft lbf] = 1.47 105 J = 1.5 102 kJ as required.

4-16. Micrometeoroids could strike the International Space Station with impact
velocities of 19 km/s. What is the translational kinetic energy of a 1.0 gram
micrometeoroid traveling at that speed?
Need: TKE = _____ J
Know: m = 1.0 g = 1.0 10-3 kg ; v = 19 km/s = 1.9 104 m/s
How: TKE = m v2 in SI units
Solve: TKE = 1.0 10-3 (1.9 104)2 [kg][[m/s]2 = 1.8 105 J
125
126
4-17. Suppose a spaceship is designed to withstand a micrometeoroid impact delivering a

TKE of a million joules. Suppose that the most massive micrometeoroid it is likely to
encounter in space has mass of 3 g. What is the maximum speed relative to the spaceship
that the most massive micrometeorite can be traveling at for the spaceship to be able to
withstand its impact?
Need: Maximum micrometeoroid speed = ____ m/s
Know: m = 3 gram = 3 10-3 kg, TKE = 1 106 J.
How: TKE = m v2 so that v = (2 TKE/m)
Solve: Maximum speed = (2 106/3 10-3) [J/kg]0.5 = 2.582 104 {[kg
m-m/s2][1/kg]}0.5 = 2.6 104 m/s = 30 km/s (to 1 significant figure
why?)
127
4-18. A stiff 10.0 g ball is held directly above and in contact with a 600. g basketball and
both are dropped from a height of 1.00 m. What is the maximum theoretical height to
which the small ball can bounce?
Need: Height, H = ______ m
Know: Together, the two balls begin with a combined GPE of (m1 + m2)
gh = about 6 J of energy relative to the ground if h is one meter.
In falling, that GPE is converted to TKE. In hitting the ground, the TKE is
converted first to elastic energy (which is another form of potential
energy) then back to TKE again. In the general case, some fraction of this
TKE is absorbed by the heavier ball, some fraction by the lighter ball.
How: If the heavier ball is restrained at its rebound point at ground level at
rest after transmitting all its stored energy to the lighter ball, the lighter
ball can rise to a height given by the combined GPE of the two balls on
impact. If m1 is the mass of the smaller ball, it can rise to a height given
by:
m1gH = (m1 + m2) gh
in which H is the height achieved.

Solve: Max. H = h(m1 + m2)/m1 = 1.00 (600. + 10.0)/10.0 = 61.0 m!
Of course in practice not 100% of the initial GPE of the two balls is
converted to GPE of the smaller ball. But, depending on the stiffness of
the larger ball, a surprising percentage is. Try it!
128
4-19. What would be the power required by the light bulb in Example 4.6 if it sustained a
voltage drop of 120. V?
Need: Power to light a bulb in W if current is 0.1 A and voltage drop is 120. V
Know - How: Electric power = I V
Solve: P = I V = 0.1 120. = 1. 101 W (to one significant figure).
129
4-20. What would be the current in the light bulb in Example 4.6 if it sustained a voltage
drop of 120. V and required a power of 100. W?
Need: Current to light a bulb in A if power is 100. W and voltage drop is 120. V
Know - How: Current = P/V
Solve: Current = 100./120. [W][1/V] = 0.833 A. (to three significant figures)
130
4-21. An electric oven is heated by a circuit that consists of a heating element connected
to a voltage source. The voltage source supplies a voltage of 110. V, which appears as a
voltage drop of 110. V across the heating element. The resulting current through the
heating element is 1.0 A. If the heating element is perfectly efficient at converting
electric power into thermal power, what is the thermal power produced by the heating
element?
Need: Power = ____ W
Know: V = 110. V and I = 1.0 A
How: Power = I V
Solve: Power = 1.0 110. [A][V] = 1.1 102 W (to two significant figures)
131
4-22. A truck starter motor must deliver 15 kW of power for a brief period. If the voltage
of the motor is 12 V, what is the current through the starter motor while it is delivering
that level of power?
Need: Current = ____ A
Know: Power P = 15 kW = 1.5 104 W and V = 12 V.
How: P = I V, so I = P/V.
Solve: I = 1.5 104/12 [W][1/V] = 1,250 [V A][1/V] = 1.3 103 A
132
4-23. A hybrid car is an automobile that achieves high fuel efficiency by using a
combination of thermal energy and electrical energy for propulsion. One of the ways it
achieves high fuel efficiency is by regenerative braking. That is, every time the car stops,
the regenerative braking system converts part of the TKE of the car into electrical energy,
which is stored in a battery. That stored energy can later be used to propel the car. The
remaining part of the TKE is lost as heat. Draw a control surface diagram showing the
energy conversions that take place when the hybrid car stops.
Need: Control surface diagram
Know - How: A control surface needs to completely surround the region
of interest so that energy flows can be monitored in and out.
Solve:
Electric
energy
Battery
Braking system
Heat
TKE
Mass of car
133
4-24. Suppose the car in Exercise 23 has a mass of 1000. kg, and is traveling at 33.5
miles per hour. As it comes to a stop, the regenerative braking system operates with 75%
efficiency. How much energy per stop can the regenerative braking system store in the
battery? Illustrate with a control boundary showing the energy flows.
Need: Energy stored in battery per stop = _____ J.
Know: Mass of vehicle, m = 1000. kg, speed, v = 33.5 mph = 15.0 m/s.
Breaking efficiency = 75%.
How: TKE = mv2 of which 75% goes to the batteries and 25% to waste
heat.
Solve: TKE of vehicle = 1000. 15.02 [kg][m/s]2 = 1.125 105 [N m]
= 1.12 105 J per stop.
Energy stored in battery/stop = 0.75 1.12 105 J = 8.4 104 J (This

is equivalent to about 8.4 104/1.30 108 [J/stop][gallons/J] = 6.5 10-4
gallons.
The remainder, 0.25 1.12 105 J = 2.8 104 J is lost as heat. See
control boundary diagram.
Electric
energy
Electric Energy = 0.75 x 1.12 x 05
= 8.4 x 104 J
Battery
Mass of car
Heat lost =
0 .25 x 1.12 x 105
= 2.8 x 104 J
TKE= mv2= 1000. 15.02

= 1.12 x 105 J
1000. kg
134
4-25. Suppose the car in Exercises 23 and 24 has stored 1.00 102 megajoules (MJ) of
energy in its battery. Suppose the electric propulsion system of the car can convert 90%
of that energy into mechanical power. Suppose the car requires 30. kw of mechanical
power to travel at 33.5 miles per hour. How many miles can the car travel using the
energy in its battery?
Need: Distance traveled using 100. MJ of energy = _____ miles.
Know: Mass of car, m = 1000. kg, speed, v = 15.0 m/s, engine power, P =
30. kW, and battery propulsion efficiency = 90.%.
How: Battery power consumed = P/0.90 kW. Battery energy = P/0.90 kJ
where is the time in seconds for battery draw = 1.00 102 MJ = 1.00
105 kJ.
Solve: = 1.00 105 0.90/30. [kJ][%][1/kW] = 3,000 [kJ] [s/kJ] = 3.0
103 s. distance traveled at 15.0 m/s = 15.0 3.0 103 [m/s][s] =
45,000 [m] = 45,000 10-3/1.609 [m][km/m][miles/km] = 28 miles.
The relatively short distance traveled by battery is the reason why

gasoline/battery hybrids make more sense than purely battery driven cars.
The 100 MJ battery is equivalent to just 100./130 [MJ][gallons/MJ] = 0.77
gallons ~ 1 gallon. Put another way, the energy storage density achievable
in todays batteries is not competitive that stored in gasoline.
135
4-26. Determine the amount of gasoline consumed per second by the automobile in
Example 4.9 if it was travelling at 41. m/s. (Assume power increases as the cube of
speed)
Need: mpg if fuel contains 1.30 105 kJ/gal and is travelling at 41. m/s (or 92
mph = 2.6 10-2 miles/s)
Know: Power required increases as cube of speed. Power consumed was 80. kW
at 29. m/s.
How: To sustain 41. m/s, (which is 92. mph) need 80. (41./29.)3 = 230 kW.
Solve: Let G = gal/s consumed; then 230 [kW] = G 1.30 105 [gal/s] kJ/gal] or
G = 1.8 10-3 gal/s. In mpg this is 2.6 10-2 /1.8 10-3 [miles/s][s/gal] = 14.
mpg.
The clear message is slow down to save gasoline. (at 65 mph, the fuel economy was 29.
mpg.)
136
4-27. In order to maintain a speed V, a car must supply enough power to overcome air
resistance. That required power goes up with increasing speed according to the formula:
Power, P = K V3 kW
where V is the speed measured in miles/hour and K is a constant of proportionality.
Suppose it takes a measured 7.7 kW for a car to overcome air resistance alone at 30. mph.
a) What is the value of K in its appropriate units?
b) Using a spreadsheet, prepare a graph of power (kW on the y axis) as a function of
speed (mph on the x axis) for speeds from 0 mph to 100 mph.
Need: Value of K and a graph of power vs speed.
Know: P = 7.7 kW @ 30. mph and P = K V3 kW
How: P = K V3 kW gives K by simple substitution
A spreadsheet is the easiest way to prepare graphs of functions.
Solve: K = 7.7/30.3 [kW][1/mph]3 = 2.85 10-4 kW/mph3
The graph shows how quickly air resistance increases with increasing
speed.
kW to overcome air resistance
300
250
200
150
100
Calibration point
50
0
0
20
40
60
mph
80
100
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
A
B
C
K = =0.000286 kW/mph3
V , mph
0
=B6+10
=B7+10
=B8+10
=B9+10
=B10+10
=B11+10
=B12+10
=B13+10
=B14+10
=B15+10
P , kW
=$B$3*B6^3
=$B$3*B7^3
=$B$3*B8^3
=$B$3*B9^3
=$B$3*B10^3
=$B$3*B11^3
=$B$3*B12^3
=$B$3*B13^3
=$B$3*B14^3
=$B$3*B15^3
=$B$3*B16^3
137
4-28. Review Exercises 14 - 17 in Chapter 4.3 concerning the dynamics (and consequent
fate) of bungee jumpers.
Draw a control surface around the jumper and cord. Show the various forms of
energy possessed by the jumper and cord, along with arrows showing the directions of
energy conversion inside and across the control surface: a) when the jumper is standing
on the cliff top, b) when the jumper is halfway down and, c) when the cord brings the
jumper to a safe stop.
Need: Control surface for bungee jumpers
Know - How: Conservative system with perfect transfer among GPE,
TKE and elastic energy.
Solve: See sketches. Since the system is conservative, no forms of energy
need be considered to have crossed the system boundary.
TKE
TKE = 0
0.5mv2 = mgL
GPE = 0
GPE
Elastic
=0
GPE = mgh
TKE = 0
Elastic E = 0
mg(h-L)
Elastic = 0.5K(h-L)2
= mgh
c)
a)
b)
Fully
stretched
138
4-29. After working for a company for several years, you feel you have discovered a
more efficient energy conversion method that would save your company millions of
dollars annually. Since you made this discovery as part of your daily job you take your
idea to your supervisor, but he/she claims it is impractical and refuses to consider it
further. You still feel it has merit and want to proceed. What do you do?
a)
b)
c)
d)
You take your idea to another company to see if they will buy it.
You contact a patent lawyer to initiate a patent search on your idea.
You go over your bosses head and talk to his supervisor about your idea.
You complain to your companys human resources office about having poor
supervision.
Apply the Fundamental Canons and the Engineering Ethics Matrix: Engineers, in
the fulfillment of their professional duties, shall:
1) Hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public. If your
invention would enhance the public welfare (not just the companys
profits), you have an ethical obligation under this canon to pursue its
implementation. Do a), b), or c).
2) Perform services only in areas of their competence. Does not apply
3) Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner. Does not
apply
4) Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees. You have almost
certainly agreed to treat your technical work as company property as a
condition of employment. This implies that you cannot legally, or ethically,
do a) or b).
4) Avoid deceptive acts. If you do a), b), c), or d) without informing your
supervisor, you are being deceptive. It is an implicit part of being a
subordinate that you inform your immediate supervisor about anything
relevant to your responsibilities in the organization. Dont do a), b), c) or
d).
5) Conduct themselves honorably, responsibly, ethically, and lawfully so as to
enhance the honor, reputation, and usefulness of the profession. To suppress
an idea useful to society violates this canon. Do a), b), or c).
Options a) Take to
another
company
Canons
Hold
Does not
paramount the apply
safety, health
and welfare of
the public.
Perform
Does not
services only
apply
in the area of
b) Initiate
patent search
Does not
apply
c) Talk to
boss
supervisor
Does not
apply
d) Complain
to human
resources
Does not
apply
Does not
apply
Does not
apply
Does not
apply

your
competence
Issue public
statements
only in an
objective and
truthful
manner
Act for each
employer or
client as
faithful agents
or trustees
Avoid
deceptive acts
Conduct
themselves
honorably
Does not
apply
Does not
apply
Does not
apply
Does not
apply
No
No
Yes
No, without
your
companys
permission
No
No, without
companys
permission
Yes
No
Yes
No, unless
there is other
evidence for
poor
performance
by your boss
Yes, unless
you lie about
the boss
performance
No, you are
probably
reacting
personally
instead of
professionally
139
Solution: There is ethical tension here. Canons 1 and 6 imply that you should
pursue your idea for the public benefit. Canons 4 and 5 imply that you should not
pursue your idea in a way that violates the legal and ethical obligations you have
assumed as a condition of employment. The four options presented offer no way
out of this impasse. This suggests that the correct answer is none of the above.
You should explore other options that fulfill your duties to both your employer
and the public. These might range, for example, from informing your supervisor
that you are going to pursue the idea through company channels to quitting your
job, waiting the required legal interval, and then pursuing the idea on your own.
140
4-30. Your course instructor claims that energy is not really conserved. He/she uses the
example of a spring that is compressed and then tied with a nylon string. When the
compressed spring is put into a jar of acid, the spring dissolves and the energy it
contained is lost. How do you react?
a) Ignore him/her and follow the established theories in the text.
b) Go to the department chairperson and complain that the instructor is incompetent.
c) Say nothing, but make detailed statements about the quality of the instructor on
the course evaluation at the end of the term.
d) Respectfully suggest that the energy in his/her spring example really is conserved.
Apply the Fundamental Canons and the Engineering Ethics Matrix:
a) Ignore
b) Complain
c) Say it in
course
evaluation
d)
Respectfully
suggest
Does not
apply
Does not
apply
Does not
apply
Does not
apply
Does not
apply
Does not
apply
Does not
apply
Does not
apply
No- you
probably are
not
competent to
make a
general
judgment
about the
professors
competence
Does not
apply
Does not
apply
Does not
apply
Does not
apply
Does not
apply
Does not
apply
Does not
apply
Does not
apply
Does not
apply
Does not
apply
Does not
apply
Options
Canons
Hold
paramount
the safety,
health and
welfare of the
public.
Perform
services only
in the area of
your
competence
Issue public
statements
only in an
objective and
truthful
manner
Act for each
employer or
client as
faithful
agents or
trustees
Avoid
deceptive
141
acts
Conduct
themselves
honorably
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Solution: This is a question about knowledge, courtesy, respect, and effective communication,
not ethics.

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Kosky, Wise, Balmer, Keat: Exploring Engineering, Second Edition

Chapter 4: Energy: Kinds, Conversion, and Conservation

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Kosky, Wise, Balmer, Keat: Exploring Engineering, Second Edition

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Kosky, Wise, Balmer, Keat: Exploring Engineering, Second Edition

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Kosky, Wise, Balmer, Keat: Exploring Engineering, Second Edition

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Kosky, Wise, Balmer, Keat: Exploring Engineering, Second Edition

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Kosky, Wise, Balmer, Keat: Exploring Engineering, Second Edition

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Kosky, Wise, Balmer, Keat: Exploring Engineering, Second Edition

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Kosky, Wise, Balmer, Keat: Exploring Engineering, Second Edition

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Kosky, Wise, Balmer, Keat: Exploring Engineering, Second Edition

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Kosky, Wise, Balmer, Keat: Exploring Engineering, Second Edition

TKE is greater than GPE

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Kosky, Wise, Balmer, Keat: Exploring Engineering, Second Edition

Let x = gasoline; then x 1.30 105 [gal][kJ/gal] = 3.13 102 kJ or x = 0.0024

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Kosky, Wise, Balmer, Keat: Exploring Engineering, Second Edition

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Kosky, Wise, Balmer, Keat: Exploring Engineering, Second Edition

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Kosky, Wise, Balmer, Keat: Exploring Engineering, Second Edition

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Kosky, Wise, Balmer, Keat: Exploring Engineering, Second Edition

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Kosky, Wise, Balmer, Keat: Exploring Engineering, Second Edition

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Kosky, Wise, Balmer, Keat: Exploring Engineering, Second Edition

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Kosky, Wise, Balmer, Keat: Exploring Engineering, Second Edition

4-17. Suppose a spaceship is designed to withstand a micrometeoroid impact delivering a

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Kosky, Wise, Balmer, Keat: Exploring Engineering, Second Edition

in which H is the height achieved.

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Kosky, Wise, Balmer, Keat: Exploring Engineering, Second Edition

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Kosky, Wise, Balmer, Keat: Exploring Engineering, Second Edition

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Kosky, Wise, Balmer, Keat: Exploring Engineering, Second Edition

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Kosky, Wise, Balmer, Keat: Exploring Engineering, Second Edition

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Kosky, Wise, Balmer, Keat: Exploring Engineering, Second Edition

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Kosky, Wise, Balmer, Keat: Exploring Engineering, Second Edition

Energy stored in battery/stop = 0.75 1.12 105 J = 8.4 104 J (This

TKE= mv2= 1000. 15.02

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Kosky, Wise, Balmer, Keat: Exploring Engineering, Second Edition

The relatively short distance traveled by battery is the reason why

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Kosky, Wise, Balmer, Keat: Exploring Engineering, Second Edition

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Kosky, Wise, Balmer, Keat: Exploring Engineering, Second Edition

kW to overcome air resistance