MTODOS DE ESTUDIOS

DIRECCIONALES
Profesores:
ING Gustavo Castillo
ING Francisco Rivas Lara
ING Jos Omar Snchez

I, A, DMD

Example - Wellbore Survey Calculations

The table below gives data from a directional survey.
Survey Point

A
B
C
D

Measured Depth
along the wellbore
ft

3,000

Inclination
Angle
I, deg

0
3,200
3,600
4,000

Azimuth
Angle
A, deg

20
6
14
24

6
20
80

Based on known coordinates for point C well calculate

the coordinates of point D using the above information.
3

Example - Wellbore Survey Calculations

Point C has coordinates:
x = 1,000 (ft) positive towards the east
y = 1,000 (ft) positive towards the north
z = 3,500 (ft) TVD, positive downwards
C
Dz

N (y)

N
Dz

E (x)

D
Dy
Dx
4

Example - Wellbore Survey Calculations

I. Calculate the x, y, and z coordinates
of points D using:
(i) The Average Angle method
(ii) The Balanced Tangential method
(iii) The Minimum Curvature method

(iv) The Radius of Curvature method

(v) The Tangential method
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The Average Angle Method

Find the coordinates of point D using

the Average Angle Method

At point C,

x = 1,000 ft
y = 1,000 ft
z = 3,500 ft

Measured depth from C to D, DMD 400 ft

IC 14

A C 20

ID 24

A D 80
6

The Average Angle Method

Measured depth from C to D, DMD 400 ft
IC 14

A C 20

ID 24

A D 80

C
N (y)
Dz

N
Dz
Dy D

E (x)
Dx

The Average Angle Method

The Average Angle Method

This method utilizes the average
of I1 and I2 as an inclination, the
average of A1 and A2 as a
direction, and assumes the entire
survey interval (DMD) to be
tangent to the average angle.

I1 I2
IAVG
2
A AVG

A1 A 2

DEast DMD sin IAVG sin A AVG

DNorth DMD sin IAVG cos A AVG
DVert DMD cos IAVG

From: API Bulletin D20. Dec. 31, 1985

The Average Angle Method

IAVG

A AVG

IC ID 14 24

19
2
2

A C A D 20 80

50
2
2

DEast DMD sin IAVG sin A AVE

Dx 400 sin19 sin 50

Dx 99.76 ft
10

The Average Angle Method

DNorth DMD sin IAVG cos A AVG

Dy 400 sin19 cos 50

Dy 83.71 ft

DVert 400 cos IAVG

Dz 400 cos19

Dz 378.21 ft
11

The Average Angle Method

At Point D,
x = 1,000 + 99.76 = 1,099.76 ft
y = 1,000 + 83.71 = 1,083.71 ft
z = 3,500 + 378.21 = 3,878.21 ft
12

The Balanced Tangential Method

This method treats half the measured distance
(DMD/2) as being tangent to I1 and A1 and the
remainder of the measured distance (DMD/2) as
being tangent to I2 and A2.
DMD
sin I1 sin A1 sin I2 sin A2
2

DMD
sin I1 cos A1 sin I2 cos A2
DNorth
2

DEast

DMD
cos I2 cos I1
DVert
2

From: API Bulletin D20. Dec. 31, 1985

13

The Balanced Tangential Method

DMD
sin IC sin A C sin ID sin AD
DEast
2

400

sin 14o sin 20o sin 24o sin 80o

2

Dx 96.66 ft
14

The Balanced Tangential Method

DMD
sin IC cos A C sin ID cos AD
DNorth
2

400
o
o
o
o

sin 14 cos 20 sin 24 cos 80

2

Dy 59.59 ft
15

The Balanced Tangential Method

DMD
DVert
2

cos ID

cos IC

400

cos 24 o cos 14 o
2

Dz 376.77 ft
16

The Balanced Tangential Method

At Point D,
x = 1,000 + 96.66 = 1,096.66 ft
y = 1,000 + 59.59 = 1,059.59 ft
z = 3,500 + 376.77 = 3,876.77 ft
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Minimum Curvature Method

18

Minimum Curvature Method

This method smooths the two straight-line segments
of the Balanced Tangential Method using the Ratio
Factor RF.
2
b
RF tan
b
2

(DL= b and must be in radians)

DMD
sin I1 sin A1 sin I2 sin A2 RF
DEast
2
DMD
sin I1 cos A1 sin I2 cos A2 RF
DNorth
2

DMD
cos I1 cos I2 RF
DVert
2
19

Minimum Curvature Method

The Dogleg Angle, b, is given by:
cos b cos ID IC sin IC sin ID 1 cos(AD A C )

cos 24 o 14 o sin 14 o sin 24 0 1 cos(800 20o )

cos b = 0.9356

b = 20.67 = 0.3608 radians

o

20

Minimum Curvature Method

The Ratio Factor,
2
b
RF tan
b
2
20.67o
2

RF
tan
0.3608
2

RF 1.0110
21

Minimum Curvature Method

DMD
sin IC sin A C sin ID sin AD RF
DEast
2

400
o
o
o
o

sin 14 sin 20 sin 24 sin 80 1.0110

2

96.66 * 1.011 97.72 ft

Dx 97.72 ft
22

Minimum Curvature Method

DMD
sin IC cos A C sin ID cos AD RF
DNorth
2

400

sin 14o cos 20o sin 24o cos 80o 1.0110

2

59.59 * 1.011 60.25 ft

Dy 60.25 ft
23

Minimum Curvature Method

DMD
DVert
2

cos ID

cos IC RF

400

cos 24 o cos 14 o 1.0110

2

376.77 * 1.0110 380.91 ft

Dz 380.91 ft
24

Minimum Curvature Method

At Point D,
x = 1,000 + 97.72 = 1,097.72 ft
y = 1,000 + 60.25 = 1,060.25 ft
z = 3,500 + 380.91 = 3,880.91 ft
25

The Radius of Curvature Method

DMD cos IC cos ID cos A C cos AD 180
DEast

ID IC AD A C

400 cos 14 cos 24 cos 20 cos 80 180

24 14 80 20

o

Dx 95.14 ft
26

The Radius of Curvature Method

DMD (cos IC cos ID ) (sin AD sin A C ) 180
DNorth

(ID IC ) ( AD A C )

400(cos14 cos 24 )(sin 80 sin 20

(24 14)(80 20)

) 180

Dy 79.83 ft
27

The Radius of Curvature Method

DMD (sin ID sin IC ) 180
DVert

ID IC

400 (sin 24 o sin 14 o ) 180

24 14

Dz 377.73 ft
28

The Radius of Curvature Method

At Point D,
x = 1,000 + 95.14 = 1,095.14 ft
y = 1,000 + 79.83 = 1,079.83 ft
z = 3,500 + 377.73 = 3,877.73 ft
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The Tangential Method

Measured depth from C to D, DMD 400 ft

IC 14

ID 24

A C 20

A D 80

DEast DMD sin ID sin A D

400 sin24 sin 80

Dx 160.22 ft
30

The Tangential Method

DNorth DMD sin ID cos A D
400 sin 24 o cos 80o

Dy 28.25 ft
DVert DMD cos ID

400 cos 24

Dz 365.42 ft
31

The Tangential Method

At Point D,
x 1,000 160.22 1,160.22 ft
y 1,000 28.25 1,028.25 ft
z 3,500 365.42 3,865.42 ft
32

Summary of Results (to the nearest ft)

x
Average Angle

1,100

1,084

3,878

Balanced Tangential 1,097

1,060

3,877

Minimum Curvature 1,098

1,060

3,881

Radius of Curvature 1,095

1,080

3,878

Tangential Method

1,028

3,865

1,160

33