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Iron material has been used since 1500 B.C. (Iron Age);
Currently, steel and steel alloys are used widely in civil engineering
applications. Steel has become the primary structural material for
reinforced concrete structures, steel structures applied for buildings,
bridges, road and other structures;
CE214U-Constructions Materials
Steel
bars
pipe
nuts
shapes
round bars
washers
prestressing bar
Steel
Ductile
pig iron
Harden
2/25/2013
Properties of steel
Properties
7
Carbon
Steels
7.85
Alloy Steels
Stainless
Steels
Tool Steels
7.85
7.75-8.1
7.72-8.0
190-210
190-210
190-210
190-210
Poisson's Ratio
0.27-0.3
0.27-0.3
0.27-0.3
0.27-0.3
276-882
758-1882
515-827
640-2000
186-758
366-1793
207-552
380-440
10 - 32
4 - 31
12 - 40
5 - 25
11-16.6
9.0-15
9.0-20.7
9.4-15.1
Creep:
Relaxation:
fpe/fpu
0.6
0.7
0.8
fy/fpy
fu/fpu
350 to
420
500 to 550
900 to
1100
1000 to
1200
1650
1860
Es/Eps
Medium relaxation
4.5 %
8%
12 %
Low relaxation
1.0 %
2.5 %
4.5 %
Prestressing steel