2.

Compound, complex, compound and complex

2.1. Compound sentences
This sentence is composed of two simple sentences joined together by a comma and a joining
word(coordinating conjunction). We could also describe a compound sentence as two
independent clauses joined by a conjunction.There are seven coordinating conjunctions:

and
but
so
or
for
nor
yet.

Example:
1. My right hand is still hurt, so I cant play volley.
2. My mom cooked fried chicken in the kitchen and 4 cats gathered around my
mom.
3. The new boutique is opened today and all ladies in town are coming there.
4. Mr. Jones has a lot of books, he is well informed about current events.
2.2. Complex sentence
A complex sentence contains one independent clause and one or more dependent
clauses (dependent clauses usually begin with a subordinate conjunction such as
after, although, as, because, before, if, since, though, unless, until, when, whenever,
where, wherever, while).
independent - expresses a complete idea, a sentence, and makes sense all
by itself
dependent - does not express a complete idea, it is a part sentence, and does
not make sense by itself).
Example:
1.
2.
3.
4.

the company grew quickly while the economy was good.

When my dad repaired his motorcycle, my uncle visited with his friend.
Before I was born, my father worked as a singer.
Although my friend invited me to a party, I do not want to go.

2.3. Compound and complex

A compound-complex sentence has one complex sentence joined to a simple
sentence with a conjunction. a compound-complex sentence contains
at least 2 complete sentences joined by a conjunction. a compound-complex
sentence also contains a dependent clause (or introductory clause). the
dependent clause must be introduced using a transitional word or phrase.
Example:
1. When the show ended, the curtain closed, and the audience applauded.
dependent clause

independent clause

independent clause

2. Skateboarding looks like fun, but it requires a lot practice which is boring and
dangerous.
3. And old book is a new book until you have read it and do not judge a book by its
cover.
4. While he was cleaning the kitchen, he found a lot of expired food, but he didnt
got rid of it immediately .

3. Passive
The passive of an active tense is formed by putting the verb to be into the same tense
as the active verb and adding the past participle of the active verb. The subject of the
active verb becomes the agent of the passive verb. The agent is very often not
mentioned. When it is mentioned it is preceded by and placed at the end of the clause.
Ptp = Past Participle
Example:

a. Simple present tense

1. Calculus is studied every Tuesday.
2. Milk is drank by Rapel every morning.
3. The competition is opened by Indonesia traditional dance.
4. Her clothes are washed by her mom every week.
b. Present Continuous tense
1. My homework is being done by Rama.
2. My dads car is being washed by Imam now.
3. Weather forecast is being broadcasted by Najwa.
4. This water park is being build by government.
c. Present Perfect tense
1. The chickens have been roasted by Niko and Vinz for 30 minutes.
2. The robber has been caught by the police.

3. The head of science club has been chosen by the teacher since a
month ago.
4. My house has been come by Ariana Grande last year.
d. Past tense
1. My book was borrowed by Galih yesterday.
2. Putris pencil was hid by Dwi in his bag.
3. This creative map was made by Fya and Dharma.
4. Mahendra was quitted from his work because he was lazy.

4.Causative
The causative is a common structure in English. It is used when one thing
or person causes another thing or person to do something.

4.1. Have
Have is usually used for having something done by somebody who is
naturally doing that job. For example, a mechanic, whose job is to repair
cars, repairs your car or a hairdresser cuts your hair.
Active

Have + somebody + verb 1 + something

Example:

1.

Nana have the chef cook her food.

2.

I have a designer make my dress

She will have cleaners wash the floor all over her house.
4. I must have the mechanic check my motorcycle.
3.

Passive
Have + something + verb 3+ (by someone)
Example:

1. Mary had her temperature checked by the nurse.

2.

She will have the house painted by Tom.

3. Shelma had her foot got a massage by her dad.

4. Nana will have her wedding dress designed by Coco Channel.
4.2.

Get
Get has a similar meaning to make and have, but it is
followed by object + infinitive, not the base form of the
verb. This construction usually means "to convince to do
something" or "to trick someone into doing something."
Active:

[ S + (GET-GOT) + AGENT + ACTION VERB(to infinitive)]

Example:
1. Susie got her son to take the medicine even though it tasted terrible.
2. The government TV commercials are trying to get people to
stop smoking.
3. How can parents get their children to read more?

4. Akbar always gets me to do my best

Passive:
[ S + (GOT) + OBJECT + ACTION VERB(V-3) ]

Example:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Cindy got her bedroom cleaned.

Nana got her homework done.
My dad got her car fixed.
Rizki got her eyes tested.