ME322

Forced convection in a round

pipe
Short Report
CLASS: 45782
GROUP: B 2

DATE: 6/2/1437 H

RESULTS:
MEASUREMENTS:
Using the Forced convection in a round pipe unit,
Table of Measurements:

Table 1 : measuring the temperature along the cupper pipe .

RESULTS:
2

Table of Results:

Table 2 :calculating the nusset number experimentally and analytically and finding the error between them .

SAMPLE OF CALCULATIONS:

[ ( ( ) )]
[

2P

air A 2 D c

A2
1
A1

air

V=

orifice

[ air A ]heated pipe

2(0.042)(9.81)(1000)

1.07120.0012570.613

( (
)]

1.0712 1

0.001257
0.004538

))

1.177 (
2
0.032
4

m=

air VA=1.1772.6390.00804=0.0241

=28.13 m/s

kg
s

37+35.8+36+36 +36+35.8+36
=36.20
7
35+41
T infinite =
=36.02
2
T s=

Heat generated by electricity

q=VI =501.2=60 W

Heat lost through lagging

q=

2 kL T 2 0.041.685(39.26736.1333)
=
=1.674 W
0.038
ro
ln

(
)
ln
0.0172
ri

( )

Heat Available for Air to Gain

q=601.674=58.326 W

Heat Actually Gained by Air

q=ma C P T =0.024971005( 4135 )=150.569 W

Thermal Losses Percentage

1.674
100=5.42
60

Heat flux
''

q =

q
60
2
=
=31.09W /m
A s 3.0191

Heat coefficient of the air (hExp)

h=

q ' ' available

58.326
=
=407.34 W /(m2 . K )
T
3.0191( 4438)

Nusselt number (NuExp)

Nu exp=

hD 3.12980.032
=
=350.31
kf
0.02624

Stanton number (StExp)

st exp =

h
3.2198
=
=6.8588 ( 10 )4
C p V 1.17710052.639

Reynolds number
4

VD 2.6390.032
=
=53873.14
6

17.110

Prandtl number

17.1106
Pr= =
=0.4493
0.24259104
Nusselt number analytically

Nu ana =0.023 ( )0.8 ( Pr )0.4=0.0234938.480.80.70490.4=126.11

Stanton number analytically

st ana =

Nuana
18.02
=
=5.176(103)
Pr 4938.480.7049

Heat coefficient analytically

hana =

Nuana k f 18.020.02624
W
=
=127.28 2
D
0.032
m .K

Nu Prediction Error

110.24 126.11
100=8.265
126.11

ANALYSES AND DISCUSSION:

This experiment was under steady state condition
( time
independent) , the velocity and the volume was constant , constant
flow rate . all studied parameters was constant .
The error of the experiment expected to be high , more than 25 % ,
because of the performance and efficiency of the trainees device , it
was for students experiment not for researchers.
we were changing the heat generated by heat flux but the flow rate
was constant. Then we measured the temperature at different location
in the pipe to estimation the heat transfer to the surrounding and then
the heat coefficient of the air.
We calculated the nusset number experimentally and analytically as
shown in table 2 .
A higher velocity means higher heat transfer coefficient (h) , Since the
velocity was constant during the experiment the most wedged on the
heat coefficient in this experiment was the viscosity() . The viscosity
dependency of fluid temperature by which the fluid viscosity be likely
to
decrease as its temperature increases. The heat coefficient
increases with the decreasing of the viscosity and in future increases
as the temperature increases, and that is the reason of the heat
coefficient performance in this experiment. The Nusselt number is the
ratio of convective to conductive heat transfer across the boundary
layar . The length in this experiment is constant but the thermal
conductivity and the heat coefficient are variables. The thermal
conductivity is changing with the temperature of the fluid. The
changing in thermal conductivity is very small then the Nusselt number
will increase as the heat coefficient increases.
The results and calculations of this experiment are under several
assumptions which are,
Steady state conditions , One-dimensional heat transfer , Constant
material properties.
Negligible radiation exchange to the surroundings.
Most of these assumptions are difficult to obtain (almost impossible),
and because of these assumptions the error is high. The correlations
error is about 25 . Because of both correlations and experiment
errors the error in results is high.

RECOMMENDATIONS:
Usa another insulation material to obtain the heat flux and get a correct results ,
Keep the ambient temperature constant and below 23 C degree .

CONCLUSIONS:

The heat coefficient dependent viscosity, temperature and

velocity of the fluid.
The Nusselt number is dependent on the heat coefficient and the
fluid properties. The most effect on the Nusselt number is the
heat coefficient which is changing in this experiment due to
canging in heat flux .
The prediction error of Nusselt number is very high because of
many reasons such as the error on the correspondence and the
error of human error .

REFERENCES:
Heat and mass transfer book .