URINARY SYSTEM

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Components of Urinary System

2 kidneys

2 ureters
1 urinary bladder

1 urethra

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Figure 18.2a

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Kidney Characteristics
Shape and size:
- bean shaped
Location:
between 12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar
vertebra
Right is slightly more inferior than the
left
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Kidney Structures
Renal capsule:
- connective tissue
around each kidney
- protects and acts as
a barrier
Hilum:
- indentation
- contains renal
artery, veins, nerves,
ureter
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 Renal sinus:
contains renal pelvis, blood vessels, fat
Renal cortex:
outer portion
Renal medulla:
inner portion

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 Renal pyramid:
junction between
cortex and medulla
Calyx:
tip of pyramids
Renal pelvis:
- where calyces
join
- narrows to form
ureter
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Nephron
What is it?
- functional unit of kidneys
- over 1 million/kidney

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Components of Nephron
Renal corpuscle:
structure that contains a Bowmans capsule
and glomerulus
Bowmans capsule:
- enlarged end of nephron
- opens into proximal tubule
- contains podocytes (specialized cells
around glomerular capillaries)
Glomerulus:
contains capillaries wrapped around it
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 Filtration membrane:
- in renal corpuscle
- includes glomerular capillaries, podocytes,
basement membrane
Filtrate:
fluid that passes across filtration membrane
Proximal tubule:
where filtrate passes first
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 Loop of Henle:
- contains descending and ascending loops
- water and solutes pass through thin walls
by diffusion
Distal tubule:
structure between Loop of Henle and collecting
duct
Collecting duct:
- empties into calyces
- carry fluid from cortex through medulla
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Figure 18.5a

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Figure 18.4

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Flow of Filtrate through Nephron

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Renal corpuscle
Proximal tubule
Descending loop of Henle
Ascending loop of Henle
Distal tubule
Collecting duct
Calyx
Renal pelvis
Ureter
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Blood Flow through Kidneys

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Renal artery
Interlobal artery
Arcuate artery
Interlobular artery
Afferent arteriole
Glomerulus
Efferent ateriole
Peritubular capillaries
Vasa recta
Interlobular vein
Arcuate vein
Interlobar vein
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Ureters, Urinary Bladder, Urethra

Ureters:
small tubes that carry urine from renal pelvis
of kidney to bladder
Urinary bladder:
- in pelvic cavity
- stores urine
- can hold a few ml to a max. of 1000 ml
Urethra:
- tube that exits bladder
- carries urine from urinary bladder to
outside of body
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