AGRO FORESTRY &

SOCIAL FORESTY
By
Dr Muhammad Akmal Rahim
Muhammad Ajmal Rahim
Dr. Seemal Vehra Ejaz

Agroforestry
Enriching our lives
with trees that work
Agroforestry is science is
based
on
forestry,
agriculture,
animal
husbandry, aquaculture, and
fisheries, Land resources
Management
and
other
disciplines which all form the
systematic back ground of
Land use

..the intentional combining of agriculture

and working trees to create sustainable
farming and ranching systems.
If you are interested in:

Why
Agroforestry?

Here, do this!
Use forestry!

Forestry

Here, do this!
Use agriculture!

Agriculture

Agroforestry on the farm or ranch

INTRODUCTION
Woody land with
Agriculture
Multicroping System
Inter disciplinary
approach
Feedback between Man
and Environment
Sustain Management
Tool to serve Man

Definition

Agroforestry is a land use system that

involves socially and ecologically
acceptable integration of trees with
agricultural crops and/or animals,
simultaneously or sequentially, so as to
get increased total productivity of plant
and animal in a sustainable manner from a
unit of farmland, especially under
conditions of low levels of technological
inputs and marginal lands.

Agroforestry is a sustainable land

management system which increases the
over-all yield of the land, combines the
production of crops (including tree crops)
and forest plants and/or animals
simultaneously or sequentially, on the
same unit of land, and applies
management practices that are compatible
with the cultural practices of the local
population.

Aims of
Agroforestry

Maximize use of radiant energy

Minimize losses of plants nutrients

Water use efficiency

Minimize run-off and soil loss

Multiple mixed or zonal cropping

Animal production

Recycling of resources

Sustain soil fertility

Soil conservation

Pest & disease control

Socio economic needs of local people

Cultural practices

Component of
Agroforestry System
Land
Environment
Agricultural
component
Forestry component
Management strategy

Characteristic of Agroforestry Tree Species

Non-interference with main crop
Easy establishment and fast growth
Ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen

No toxic effects on soil and crop

Multiple use and high yield potential
Self-pruning properties and tolerance to heavy pruning
Efficient nutrient pumping
Deep root system and easily decomposable litter with favorable
effects on soil
Small crown relative to bole diameter
Light branching habit
Shade tolerant

Aims of
Agroforestry

Maximize use of radiant energy

Minimize losses of plants nutrients

Water use efficiency

Minimize run-off and soil loss

Multiple mixed or zonal cropping

Animal production

Recycling of resources

Sustain soil fertility

Soil conservation

Pest & disease control

Socio economic needs of local people

Cultural practices

Agroforestry System
Agrisilviculture (crops + trees)
Silvipastoral (trees + pastures + animals)
Agri-horticulture (crops + fruit trees)
Horti-silvi-pastoral (fruit trees + trees + pasture + animal)
Agri-horti-Silviculture (crops + fruit trees + multi purpose trees)
Agri-silvi-pastoral (crops + trees + pasture + animals)
Homestead agroforestry (multiple combinations of various components)
Agri-pisci-silvicultre (crops + fish + trees)
Silvi-apiculture (trees + honey bees)
Pisci-Silviculture (fish + trees)

Agrisilviculture:
the
conscious
and
deliberate use of land for the concurrent
production of agricultural crops (including
tree crops) and forest crops. This is
perhaps the most common form of
agroforestry.

Silvopastroral: the land management

systems in which forests are managed for
the production of wood as well as for the
rearing of domesticated animals.

Agrosilvopastoral: in which land is

managed for the concurrent production of
agricultural and forest crops and for the
rearing of domesticated animals. This
system is, in effect, a combination of
agrisilviculture and the silvopastoral
system.

Multipurpose
forest
tree
production
systems: here forest tree species are
regenerated and managed for their ability
to produce not only wood, but leaves and
/or fruit are suitale for food and/or fodder.

Common combinations of the

Agroforestry system in Pakistan

Tree Species
Poplars
Eucalypts
Simal
Shisham

Agricultural crops grown with trees

Wheat/maize/turmeric/sugar
cane/vegetables/fodder
Wheat/sun flower/tomatos/potatoes/chillies
Maize/sun flower /vegetables/fodder
Turmeric/wheat/maize/vegetable

Agrisilviculture
1. Shifting cultivation
2. Taungya System
3. Multipurpose
trees
and shrubs on farm
lands
4. Trees with plantation
crops
5. Shelter belts
6. Wind breaks

Taungya (taung = hill, ya =

cultivation)
Advantages

Disadvantages

Cheap artificial regeneration of the forest

Loss of soil fertility and exposure of soil

To solve problems of unemployment

Legal problems created

Helps towards maximum utilization of the site

Susceptibility of land to accelerated erosion increase

Low cost method of forest plantation establishment

It is a form of exploitation of human labor

In every case highly remunerative to the forest

departments

Danger of epidemics

Provision of food crops from forest land

Weed, climber growth, etc is eliminated

Wind breaks
To control the ravages of wind
To improve environmental conditions
To improve output from arable and
grazing lands
To provide shelter to houses and other
constructions

To control wind erosion and shifting sand

dunes
To improve aesthetic value and generate
recreational area
To obtain firewood, fodder and timber
To counteract the salt Laiden winds along
the coast
To provide shelter for wildlife

Agroforestry

Ecological Aspect
Economic Aspect
Social Aspect
Institutional
Aspect

Ecological Aspect

Efficient recycling of nutrients

Defence against precipitation

Litter and humus layers

Symbiotic economic and ecological

interactions

Improve soil structure and fertility

Windbreakers

Increase carrying capacity for livestock

Soil conservation

Reduce salinity and water logging

Pest and disease control

Economic
Aspect
Solve the food crises

Energy crises
Additional Income
Increase in productivity
Employment

Creates capital stocks available

to meet intermittent costs of
unforeseen contingencies
Reduce cost of fuel, forage and
building
materials
due
to
growing of trees on farms

Social Aspect
Wood and Fire wood
Clean water
Environment amelioration
Minor forest produce
Recreation
and
cultural
aspects

Institutional
Aspects

Awareness
Training
Promotion policies
Knowledge
Tenure
Local
use
and
knowledge
Trained labor
Nutrition

Constraint
Being a new subject, agroforestry
requires detailed scientific study

but because of its complexity, it

requires

combined

efforts

of

agriculturists, foresters, livestock

specialist, ecologists, sociologists,

economists,

policymakers,

community leaders and extension

workers