Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
INTERIM REPORT
SEPTEMBER - 2010
BY
DBM
2746/bhel/dbm/drg/4075
Date: 27/09/2010
To,
Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd.
Power Sector Eastern Region,
DJ-9/1, Sector II, Salt Lake City,
Kolkata 700 091
Kind Attn.:
Yours faithfully
for DBM Geotechnics & Constructions Pvt. Ltd.
Vinita Wajge
Geotechnical Engineer
Encl.: As above
Table of Contents
Item
Page
1.0
INTRODUCTION
2.0
EXPLORATION PROGRAM
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.0
FOUNDATION RECOMMENDATIONS
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.0
Exploration Scope
Site Approach
Subsurface Conditions
Ground Water Table
Foundation Protection
Lateral Earth Pressure
Floor Slabs/ Pavements
Structural Fill/ Site Grading
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
8
9
10
10
11
12
1.0
INTRODUCTION
The locations of the boreholes, completed till date are illustrated on the Location Plan in
Annexure, and summarized below in Table A.
TABLE A
BOREHOLE LOCATIONS, COORDINATES AND GROUND LEVELS
CO-ORDINATES
2.2
BORE
HOLE
NO.
GROUND
LEVEL
(m)
BH -1
BH-2
BH-3
BH-4
BH-5
BH-6
BH-7
BH-8
BH-9
BH-10
BH-11
5.228
5.318
5.343
5.601
5.893
5.410
5.430
8.850
13.805
9.465
16.005
1943094
1943175
1943062
1943232
1943206
1943170
1943118
1943092
1943058
1943214
1943110
726868
726934
726968
727009
727034
727028
727044
727069
727067
727095
727146
BORE HOLE
TERMINATION
DEPTH
BELOW
GROUND
LEVEL(m)
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
Site Approach
At the coast of Bay of Bengal, the site is located near village of Pavalavasa, approximately
22.5km southwest of Vizag, in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.
3.0
FOUNDATION RECOMMENDATIONS
Proposed main plant should be supported on bored cast in situ piles. Proposed pile
termination depths and corresponding allowable pile capacities with planned finished
ground or formation level of +8.0m for few representative pile sizes are given in Table B
below.
Total settlement of a single pile installed in accordance with Table B below will be less than
12mm. Allowable lateral capacity of each pile can be conservatively taken as 0.017D1.6
tons (where D is pile diameter in cms). Depth of fixity can be taken as 17 D0.8 below pile
cap.
TABLE-B
SAFE ALLOWABLE CAPACITIES FOR BORED PILES
Pile
Pile termination depth
Vertical Downward Uplift Pile
diamet below finished ground level Pile Capacity (tons) Capacity
er (mm)
(+8.0m R.L.)(m)
(tons)
450
20
25
4D socketing in *CWR
500
20
25
4D socketing in *CWR
600
20
25
4D socketing in *CWR
750
20
25
4D socketing in *CWR
1070
20
25
4D socketing in *CWR
*CWR = Completely Weathered Rock
40
50
85
50
60
105
65
88
150
100
130
220
170
245
440
6
20
25
40
25
35
50
35
45
75
50
70
90
90
130
220
Lateral Pile
Capacity
(tons)
7
12
17
30
Foundation recommendations for shallow foundations for relatively light structures will be
provided in subsequent interim/ final reports.
3.1
Foundation Protection
Results of chemical analysis on soil and groundwater samples are enclosed in the Annexure.
Results of the soils and water samples fall under Class 1 for sulphate and chloride
concentrations (As per IS456 and as per CIRIA Sp. Publication No. 31). A severe Exposure
Condition was assigned to this site. Therefore following precautions are recommended to
protect subsurface concrete and reinforcement.
Type of Cement:
OPC or PPC
M30
400 kg/m3
0.50
75mm
Basement walls, if any, will be subjected to lateral earth pressures. A soil submerged unit
weight (rsub) and coefficient of active lateral earth pressure (ka) of 0.8 t/m3 and 0.33,
respectively, should be utilized for design of basement walls installed without adjacent pile
shoring walls.
3.3
The existing soils encountered at this site are capable of providing support for proposed floor
slabs and pavements. A minimum 0.3m of compacted soils should be provided beneath
pavements.
Areas to receive fill or pavements should be proof rolled with heavy equipment or dump
trucks to delineate zones of any loose or soft soils, which may require removal and
compaction. Based on borehole data, a minimum California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value of 6
can be used for design of pavements installed at or near existing ground surface. CBR tests
can be conducted on new fill material or on existing soils to determine whether higher CBR
values are possible.
3.4
Compacted fill for site grading or beneath pavements/floor slabs, should consist of nonexpansive soil, free of organics and rubble. On-site soils are suitable for use as compacted
fill directly at structures. Compaction of granular soils to the recommended degree of
compaction can generally be attained with vibratory compaction equipment.
Proper
compaction of soils can be achieved with pneumatic type compactors under optimum
moisture conditions. Structural fill should be placed in loose lifts of 200mm and compacted
to a minimum of 95 percent of its maximum dry density as determined by the Standard
Proctor Test.
4.0
4.1
Field Work
The sub-surface investigation was completed generally as per IS: 1892-1979. The field
investigation was carried out using rotary drilling machines. Casing was used to support
sides of borehole until sufficiently stiff strata was encountered. Standard Penetration Tests
(i.e. SPT) were carried out in soil in accordance with IS 2131-1981. Using this procedure, a
split-barrel sampler is driven into the soil by 63.5 kg. weight falling through 75 cm height.
After an initial set of 15cm, number of blows required to drive the sampler an additional 30
cm, is known as penetration resistance or N value.
When SPT refusal was obtained in hard strata, rock coring was done using diamond bit and
double tube core barrel to obtain good quality rock samples. Percent Rock Core Recovery
and percent Rock Quality Designation (%RQD) were determined. % RQD is defined as =
100 x Sum of length of rock pieces in cms, each having lengths greater than 10cms/Total
length of core run in cms.
10
4.2
Laboratory Tests :
The laboratory tests were conducted in DBMs well equipped soil testing laboratory under the
supervision of qualified and experienced engineers. Laboratory testing comprised of
following tests conducted as per procedures given in relevant IS codes.
a)
b)
c)
( Part-IV)
(Part V)
IS
2720
(PartIII)
(S-1)
d)
e)
XXIV, XXXII)
f)
IS 9143
g)
IS 8764
h)
IS 13030
i)
IS 1498
Sincerely,
DBM GEOTECHNICS AND CONSTRUCTIONS PVT. LTD.
__________________________________
Jaydeep Wagh
B.E., M.S., P.E. (Geotechnical)
11
REFERENCES
1) Foundation Analysis and Design, J.E. Bowles, McGraw Hill Publication, 5th Edition,
1996.
2) Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, K.R. Arora, Standard Publishers
Distributors, Fourth Edition, 1997.
3) Foundation Design Manual, N. V. Nayak, 5th Edition, 1996
4) Geotechnical Engineering & Evaluation, Roy Hunt, 1996.
5) IS 8009, Code of Practice for settlement below Foundations on Soil
6) Pile Design and Construction Practice, M. J. Tomlinson, 1992
7) IS14593-1998, Design and Construction of bored Cast-In-Situ Piles Founded on
Rocks- Guidelines
8) IS 2911 (Part1/ Section 2) 1979 Code of Practise for design and Construction of Pile
Foundations (Concrete Piles- Bored Cast in situ Piles).
PILE DIAMETER =
0.75 m
PILE DEPTH =
20 m
Cut off level=
3m
(Assumed)
A) END BEARING CAPACITY (IS2911):
[cN c + q ( N q 1) + 0.5 DN ] x
D 2
4
Where,
Cu = soil cohesion
=SPT N/1.5 ( Reference: Foundation Design Manual, N.V. Nayak)
Nc = Bearing Capacity Factor = 9 for clay
Nq and Nr = Bearing Capacity Factor (Obtained from IS2911)
q = Eff. overburden pressure at pile tip (limited to a depth of 15xD) =
r = TOTAL unit weight =
1.8 t/m3
depth of water table =
0m
9.0
t/m2
[c + Kqtan( )](DL)
Depth
of Layer
Below Ground
From
To
0
3
3
7
7
9
9
14
14
20
20
21.5
21.5
27
27
30
30
Soil Type
SPT
N
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
clay
sand
sand
14
17
18
20
21
38
20
50
Cu
(t/m2) (degrees)
Nc
Nq
Nr
1.2
4.0
6.4
9.0
9.0
9.0
NA
NA
na
na
na
na
na
0.3
na
na
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
10.0
na
na
na
na
na
1.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
0.0
na
na
299
120
51.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
25.3
0.0
0.0
31.1
32.0
32.3
32.9
33.1
0.0
32.9
37.0
Skin
End
friction Bearing
Capacity Capacity
0.0
23.6
19.1
68.5
83.1
0.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
104.7
na
na
TOTAL CAPACITY =
194.2
tons
tons
(Factor of safety of 2.5)
tons
(Factor of safety of 2.5)
104.7
PILE DIAMETER =
0.75 m
PILE DEPTH =
25 m
Cut off level=
3m
(Assumed)
A) END BEARING CAPACITY (IS2911):
[cN c + q ( N q 1) + 0.5 DN ] x
D 2
4
Where,
Cu = soil cohesion
=SPT N/1.5 ( Reference: Foundation Design Manual, N.V. Nayak)
Nc = Bearing Capacity Factor = 9 for clay
Nq and Nr = Bearing Capacity Factor (Obtained from IS2911)
q = Eff. overburden pressure at pile tip (limited to a depth of 15xD) =
r = TOTAL unit weight =
1.8 t/m3
depth of water table =
0m
9.0
t/m2
[c + Kqtan( )](DL)
Depth
of Layer
Below Ground
From
To
0
3
3
7
7
9
9
14
14
20
20
21.5
21.5
25
25
27
27
30
30
Soil Type
SPT
N
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
14
17
18
20
21
21
20
21
50
Cu
(t/m2) (degrees)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
31.1
32.0
32.3
32.9
33.1
33.1
32.9
33.1
37.0
Nc
Nq
Nr
1.2
4.0
6.4
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
NA
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
397
159
69.4
Skin
End
friction Bearing
Capacity Capacity
0.0
23.6
19.1
68.5
83.1
20.8
47.9
0.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
134.2
na
TOTAL CAPACITY =
262.9
tons
tons
(Factor of safety of 2.5)
tons
(Factor of safety of 2.5)
134.2
PILE DIAMETER =
0.6 m
PILE DEPTH =
20 m
Cut off level=
3m
(Assumed)
A) END BEARING CAPACITY (IS2911):
[cN c + q ( N q 1) + 0.5 DN ] x
D 2
4
Where,
Cu = soil cohesion
=SPT N/1.5 ( Reference: Foundation Design Manual, N.V. Nayak)
Nc = Bearing Capacity Factor = 9 for clay
Nq and Nr = Bearing Capacity Factor (Obtained from IS2911)
q = Eff. overburden pressure at pile tip (limited to a depth of 15xD) =
r = TOTAL unit weight =
1.8 t/m3
depth of water table =
0m
7.2
t/m2
[c + Kqtan( )](DL)
Depth
of Layer
Below Ground
From
To
0
3
3
7
7
9
9
11
11
16
16
19
19
22
22
23
23
28
28
29.5
29.5
38
38
Soil Type
SPT
N
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
clay
sand
sand
sand
sand
15
15
16
18
21
21
21
22
25
27
50
Cu
(t/m2) (degrees)
Nc
Nq
Nr
1.2
4.0
6.4
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
NA
NA
NA
NA
na
na
na
na
na
na
0.3
na
na
na
na
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
1.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
0.0
na
na
na
na
167
67
34.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
14.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
31.4
31.4
31.7
32.3
33.1
33.1
0.0
33.4
34.3
34.9
37.0
Skin
End
friction Bearing
Capacity Capacity
0.0
18.4
14.9
17.2
44.3
26.6
7.9
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
37.7
na
na
na
na
TOTAL CAPACITY =
129.3
tons
tons
(Factor of safety of 2.5)
tons
(Factor of safety of 2.5)
37.7
PILE DIAMETER =
0.6 m
PILE DEPTH =
25 m
Cut off level=
3m
(Assumed)
A) END BEARING CAPACITY (IS2911):
[cN c + q ( N q 1) + 0.5 DN ] x
D 2
4
Where,
Cu = soil cohesion
=SPT N/1.5 (Reference: Foundation Design Manual, N.V. Nayak)
Nc = Bearing Capacity Factor = 9 for clay
Nq and Nr = Bearing Capacity Factor (Obtained from IS2911)
q = Eff. overburden pressure at pile tip (limited to a depth of 15xD) =
r = TOTAL unit weight =
1.8 t/m3
depth of water table =
0m
7.2
t/m2
[c + Kqtan( )](DL)
Depth
of Layer
Below Ground
From
To
0
3
3
7
7
9
9
11
11
16
16
19
19
22
22
25
25
28
28
29.5
29.5
38
38
Soil Type
SPT
N
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
clay
sand
sand
15
15
16
18
21
21
21
22
25
27
50
Cu
(t/m2) (degrees)
Nc
Nq
Nr
1.2
4.0
6.4
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
NA
NA
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
0.3
na
na
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
1.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
0.0
na
na
219
88
46.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16.7
0.0
0.0
31.4
31.4
31.7
32.3
33.1
33.1
33.1
33.4
0.0
34.9
37.0
Skin
End
friction Bearing
Capacity Capacity
0.0
18.4
14.9
17.2
44.3
26.6
26.6
26.9
0.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
44.5
na
na
TOTAL CAPACITY =
174.9
tons
tons
(Factor of safety of 2.5)
tons
(Factor of safety of 2.5)
44.5
PILE DIAMETER =
0.6 m
PILE DEPTH =
22 m
Cut off level=
3m
(Assumed)
A) END BEARING CAPACITY (IS2911):
[cN c + q ( N q 1) + 0.5 DN ] x
D 2
4
Where,
Cu = soil cohesion
=SPT N/1.5 ( Reference: Foundation Design Manual, N.V. Nayak)
Nc = Bearing Capacity Factor = 9 for clay
Nq and Nr = Bearing Capacity Factor (Obtained from IS2911)
q = Eff. overburden pressure at pile tip (limited to a depth of 15xD) =
r = TOTAL unit weight =
1.8 t/m3
depth of water table =
0m
7.2
t/m2
[c + Kqtan( )](DL)
Depth
of Layer
Below Ground
From
To
0
3
3
7
7
9
9
11
11
16
16
19
19
22
22
23
23
28
28
29.5
29.5
38
38
Soil Type
SPT
N
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
15
15
16
18
21
21
21
22
25
27
50
Cu
(t/m2) (degrees)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
31.4
31.4
31.7
32.3
33.1
33.1
33.1
33.4
34.3
34.9
37.0
Nc
Nq
Nr
Skin
friction
Capacity
1.2
4.0
6.4
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
NA
NA
NA
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
32.9
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
36.0
na
na
na
na
0.0
18.4
14.9
17.2
44.3
26.6
26.6
0.0
na
na
na
148
59
39.1
TOTAL CAPACITY =
148.0
tons
tons
(Factor of safety of 2.5)
tons
(Factor of safety of 2.5)
PILE DIAMETER =
0.75 m
PILE DEPTH =
20 m
Cut off level=
3m
(Assumed)
A) END BEARING CAPACITY (IS2911):
[cN c + q ( N q 1) + 0.5 DN ] x
D 2
4
Where,
Cu = soil cohesion
=SPT N/1.5 ( Reference: Foundation Design Manual, N.V. Nayak)
Nc = Bearing Capacity Factor = 9 for clay
Nq and Nr = Bearing Capacity Factor (Obtained from IS2911)
q = Eff. overburden pressure at pile tip (limited to a depth of 15xD) =
r = TOTAL unit weight =
1.8 t/m3
depth of water table =
0m
9.0
t/m2
[c + Kqtan( )](DL)
Depth
of Layer
Below Ground
From
To
0
3
3
7
7
9
9
11
11
16
16
19
19
22
22
23
23
28
28
29.5
29.5
38
38
Soil Type
SPT
N
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
clay
sand
sand
sand
sand
15
15
16
18
21
21
21
22
25
27
50
Cu
(t/m2) (degrees)
Nc
Nq
Nr
1.2
4.0
6.4
8.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
NA
NA
NA
NA
na
na
na
na
na
na
0.3
na
na
na
na
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
1.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
0.0
na
na
na
na
246
98
49.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
14.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
31.4
31.4
31.7
32.3
33.1
33.1
0.0
33.4
34.3
34.9
37.0
Skin
End
friction Bearing
Capacity Capacity
0.0
23.0
18.6
23.8
69.2
41.5
9.9
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
59.6
na
na
na
na
TOTAL CAPACITY =
186.2
tons
tons
(Factor of safety of 2.5)
tons
(Factor of safety of 2.5)
59.6
PILE DIAMETER =
0.75 m
PILE DEPTH =
25 m
Cut off level=
3m
(Assumed)
A) END BEARING CAPACITY (IS2911):
[cN c + q ( N q 1) + 0.5 DN ] x
D 2
4
Where,
Cu = soil cohesion
=SPT N/1.5 (Reference: Foundation Design Manual, N.V. Nayak)
Nc = Bearing Capacity Factor = 9 for clay
Nq and Nr = Bearing Capacity Factor (Obtained from IS2911)
q = Eff. overburden pressure at pile tip (limited to a depth of 15xD) =
r = TOTAL unit weight =
1.8 t/m3
depth of water table =
0m
9.0
t/m2
[c + Kqtan( )](DL)
Depth
of Layer
Below Ground
From
To
0
3
3
7
7
9
9
11
11
16
16
19
19
22
22
25
25
28
28
29.5
29.5
38
38
Soil Type
SPT
N
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
clay
sand
sand
15
15
16
18
21
21
21
22
25
27
50
Cu
(t/m2) (degrees)
Nc
Nq
Nr
1.2
4.0
6.4
8.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
NA
NA
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
0.3
na
na
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
1.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
0.0
na
na
330
132
68.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16.7
0.0
0.0
31.4
31.4
31.7
32.3
33.1
33.1
33.1
33.4
0.0
34.9
37.0
Skin
End
friction Bearing
Capacity Capacity
0.0
23.0
18.6
23.8
69.2
41.5
41.5
42.0
0.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
70.3
na
na
TOTAL CAPACITY =
259.8
tons
tons
(Factor of safety of 2.5)
tons
(Factor of safety of 2.5)
70.3
PILE DIAMETER =
0.75 m
PILE DEPTH =
22 m
Cut off level=
3m
(Assumed)
A) END BEARING CAPACITY (IS2911):
[cN c + q ( N q 1) + 0.5 DN ] x
D 2
4
Where,
Cu = soil cohesion
=SPT N/1.5 ( Reference: Foundation Design Manual, N.V. Nayak)
Nc = Bearing Capacity Factor = 9 for clay
Nq and Nr = Bearing Capacity Factor (Obtained from IS2911)
q = Eff. overburden pressure at pile tip (limited to a depth of 15xD) =
r = TOTAL unit weight =
1.8 t/m3
depth of water table =
0m
9.0
t/m2
[c + Kqtan( )](DL)
Depth
of Layer
Below Ground
From
To
0
3
3
7
7
9
9
11
11
16
16
19
19
22
22
23
23
28
28
29.5
29.5
38
38
Soil Type
SPT
N
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
15
15
16
18
21
21
21
22
25
27
50
Cu
(t/m2) (degrees)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
31.4
31.4
31.7
32.3
33.1
33.1
33.1
33.4
34.3
34.9
37.0
Nc
Nq
Nr
Skin
friction
Capacity
1.2
4.0
6.4
8.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
NA
NA
NA
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
32.9
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
36.0
na
na
na
na
0.0
23.0
18.6
23.8
69.2
41.5
41.5
0.0
na
na
na
218
87
57.5
TOTAL CAPACITY =
217.8
tons
tons
(Factor of safety of 2.5)
tons
(Factor of safety of 2.5)
From soil profile it can be seen that top of piles will be through medium dense granular soils.
Constant K1 = 0.525 kg/cm3 for medium dense sand in submerged condition.
T =5
EI
K1
Where,
E = Modulus of Elasticity of pile material = 2.8 x 105 kg/cm2 for concrete
I = Moment of Inertia = D4/64 cm2 (D is pile diameter in cm)
Therefore,
T =5
2.8 x10 5 xD 4
64 x0.525
T = 7.65 D0.8