Application of Sheet Piling

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Application of Sheet Piling

Waterfront Structures
Power Plant
Basement Construction

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Application of Sheet Piling Basement Construction

Function: To provide effective temporary / permanent retaining wall system
for deep excavation
Overview of basement structure:

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Application of Sheet Piling Basement Construction

Function: To provide effective temporary / permanent retaining wall system for
deep excavation
Design Considerations / Requirements:
1) To consider soil heaving at base, design sheet piling length to control.
2) To prevent water piping through base during excavation. Thus water permeability cut off by
length of sheet piling.
3) Likely to have adjacent building / structures. Thus need vibration / noise control for
installation by choosing appropriate machine (vibratory & press in).

Impact of driving
load dissipating
through ground to
adjacent building

Vibratory Piling Machine

Press in Silent Piler

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Application of Sheet Piling Basement Construction

Function: To provide effective temporary / permanent retaining wall system for
deep excavation
Design Considerations / Requirements:

Additional surcharge on top of wall as

water retention in tension crack area.

Water ponding at
tension cracking area
will impose additional
load to retaining wall

Tight horizontal retaining wall deflection & vertical soil movement control. The following
tolerances typically apply:
Permanent:
Temporary:

Horizontal wall deflection < 50mm

Vertical soil movement < 25mm
Horizontal wall deflection < 100mm

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Application of Sheet Piling Basement Construction

Benefit of permanent basement sheet piling wall (by Top Down Construction
Method):
In additional to resist lateral pressure, sheet piles can be designed to takes
vertical / axial load to reduce foundation cost significantly.
Save construction time tremendously because the superstructure and
substructure construction can be carried out concurrently at the same time,
eliminated the need for temporary support system with struts
No extraction of temporary sheet pile is required.
Immediate watersealing (no lowering of ground water, minimum disturbance to
adjacent building, services, roads, etc)
Sheet piling to
No additional secondary interior wall required.
take vertical loads
Max use of space.
Slab to provide anchoring
force for sheet piling
support

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Application of Sheet Piling Basement Construction

Method Statement Top Down Method

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Application of Sheet Piling Basement Construction

Method Statement Top Down Method

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Application of Sheet Piling Basement Construction

Design Considerations / Requirements permanent basement
sheet piling wall (by Top Down Construction Method):
Control water seepage through interlocks of sheet piling.
Thus wider sheet piling will has higher water resistance
(less interlocks per length of wall).
Durability of sheet piling in embedded soil side & exposed side. Retaining wall
service life is long term, > 50 years to international standards.
Connections details of permanent sheet piling wall to slab / beam can be
calculated based on loading from structure.
Sheet Pile
A
B

" Headed Studs

4" Long At 12" O/C
Staggered Along Face
of Sheet Pile

Section A-A

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Application of Sheet Piling Basement Construction

Benefit of temporary basement sheet piling wall (by Top Down Construction
Method):
Reusable sheet piling material to save construction cost on retaining wall
construction.
Easy handling & fast installation of sheet piling wall.
Ease of construction for complex basement layout.

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Application of Sheet Piling Basement Construction

Design Considerations / Requirements temporary basement sheet piling wall:
For excavation > 4m, need to consider strutting system / anchoring as intermediate
support.

Connection details can be

provided by technical assistance
from Oriental Sheet Piling

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Application of Sheet Piling Basement Construction

Durability Concern
Rate of Corrosion of Steel as per international standards:
Underground soil conditions / embedded in soil
Exposed atmospheric

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Application of Sheet Piling Basement Construction

Durability Concern
Rate of Corrosion of Steel in underground soil conditions (Arcelor Piling Handbook, 8th
Edition, Jan 2005)
-Underground corrosion of steel sheet piles has been studied extensively, concluded that the
underground corrosion of steel piles driven into undisturbed soils is negligible.
-Evaluations of piles extracted from UK sites, ranging from canal and river embankments
through harbours and beaches to a chemical slurry lagoon containing acid liquors (pH 2.8),
also confirm negligible underground corrosion losses.
-A further evaluation in Japan of test piles driven into natural soils at ten locations which
were considered to be corrosive gave a maximum corrosion rate of 0.015mm/side per
year after ten years exposure.
-It is concluded that in natural, undisturbed soils steel pile corrosion is very slight, for the
purpose of calculations, a maximum corrosion rate of 0.012mm/side per year can be
used. This losses of steel thickness can be accommodate by choosing slightly higher section
of steel sheet piles in retaining wall design.
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wish to apply this information shall satisfy themselves of its validity relatives to the applicable conditions. All the technical data in this document is liable to change without notice.

Application of Sheet Piling Basement Construction

Durability Concern
Rate of Corrosion of Steel in underground soil conditions (Recommendations of the
Committee for Waterfront Structures Harbours and Waterways EAU 1996):
-The anticipated decrease in thickness on both sides of steel sheet piling embedded in
natural soils is negligible with 0.01mm/year.
-The same corrosion load applies in the case of necessary backfilling immediately behind
the piling when sandy soil is placed in such a way that the troughs of the piling are also
thoroughly embedded.
-Highly aggressive soils should be kept away from the surface of the sheet piling as far as
possible. Such soils include among others humus soil and carbonaceous soils, for example
waste washings.
-Similarly, contaminated surface water and leachate should be avoided on the backside of
the sheet piling which promote the growth of bacteria aggressive to steel.

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Application of Sheet Piling Basement Construction

Durability Concern
The effective life of steel sheet piles unpainted or unprotected, prEN 1993-5: 2002, Design of Steel
structure Part 5: Piling, Table 4.1 Losses of thickness (mm) due to corrosion for piles and sheet piles
in soils, with or without groundwater.
The reduction of thickness of steel can be considered in design by choosing slightly higher steel section
as per the anticipated site conditions.
Required design working life

5 yrs

25 yrs

50 yrs

75 yrs

100 yrs

Undisturbed natural soils (sand, silt, clay, schist,)

0.00

0.30

0.60

0.90

1.20

Polluted natural soils and industrial grounds

0.15

0.75

1.50

2.25

3.00

Aggressive natural soils (swamp, marsh, peat,)

0.20

1.00

1.75

2.50

3.25

Non-compacted and non-aggressive fills (clay,

schist, sand, silt,)

0.18

0.70

1.20

1.70

2.20

Non-compacted and aggressive fills (ashes, slag,)

0.50

2.00

3.25

4.50

5.75

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Application of Sheet Piling Basement Construction

Durability Concern
Rate of Corrosion of Steel in atmospheric conditions (Arcelor Piling Handbook, 8th
Edition, Jan 2005)
-In such cases bare steel will corrode in the atmosphere at a rate which depends upon
the site environment. In order of increasing corrosivity, this can be broadly classified as
rural, urban or industrial. Similarly, piling at coastal sites may be subject to a marine
atmospheric environment.
-prEN 1993-5: 2002, Design of Steel Structures Part 5: Piling, indicates that the
atmospheric corrosion of steel averages approximately 0.01mm / side per year and
this value can be used for most atmospheric environments.
-However, higher corrosion rates may be experienced in close proximity to the sea or
when pollution produces very aggressive mirolimates.

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Application of Sheet Piling Basement Construction

Durability Concern
Rate of Corrosion of Steel in atmospheric conditions (Recommendations of the
Committee for Waterfront Structures Harbours and Waterways EAU 1996):
-Atmospheric corrosion, i.e. corrosion above the splashing water zone is generally
low.
-In case of water structures, it is practically negligible with a corrosion speed of
aprox. 0.01mm / year.

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Application of Sheet Piling Basement Construction

Durability Concern
Methods of increasing the effective life of a structure can considered the below:
Use of a heavier section
Use of a high yield steel at mild steel stress levels
Applying a protective coating. As per Recommendations of the Committee for
Waterfront Structures Harbours and Waterways EAU 1996, according to available
experience, coatings can delay the start of corrosion by more than 20 years.
Suggested coating system (Arcelor Piling Handbook, Jan 2005).
Sand blasting to a standard degree of purity of SA 2.5,
Zinc epoxy primer,
Re-coatable epoxy intermediate coating
Aliphatic polyurethane topcoat
Nominal dry film thickness of the system 240 um.
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Application of Sheet Piling Basement Construction

Impervious Steel Sheet Pile Wall
Table 2.2, BS 8102: 1990, The protection of structures against water from the ground.
Basement
grade

Basement Usage

Performance Level

Car parking; plant rooms (excluding electrical

equipment); workshops

Some seepage and damp patches

tolerable

Workshops & plant rooms requiring drier

environment; retail storage areas

No water penetration but moisture

vapour tolerable

Ventilated residential & working areas

including offices, restaurants etc.; leisure
centres

Dry environment

Archives and storages requiring controlled

environment

Totally dry environment

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Application of Sheet Piling Basement Construction

Impervious Steel Sheet Pile Wall
Design consideration of water seeping through interlock (joints)
of sheet pile walls:
-Basic Darcys Law applied where v = K * i where v is filtration
rate, K is coefficient of permeability and i is hydraulic gradient.
-For joints of sheet piles wall,
q(z) = * p(z) / , where
q(z): the discharge per unit of the joint length at level z, (m3/s/m)
p(z): the pressure drop at level z, (kPa)
: the inverse joint resistance, (m/s)
: unit weight of water (kN/m3)
Refer brochure for more details and examples calculations
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Application of Sheet Piling Basement Construction

Impervious Steel Sheet Pile Wall
Method of sealing steel sheet pile wall:
Bituminous product (hot applied) for applications where average performance ( =
6 x 10-8 m/s) is required in respect of watertightness
Water swelling product (cold applied) for high performance applications ( = 6 x
10-8 m/s).

1. Filling the free interlock

2. Filling the threaded interlocks

considering the hydrostatic pressure side

Non-structural welding of sheet pile interlocks. It is

possible to create a seal by applying a simple fillet
weld across the joint as illustrated.
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