BIOLOGY

FOOD RESOURCES

CHAPTER

3. CROP SEASONS :
Contents

(A) Kharif Season Crops :

Introduction

Manures and Fertilizers

Mixed Farming & Cropping
Animal Husbandry
Fish Production

These crops are grown during the rainy season

from the month of June to October , e.g.,
Paddy (rice), soyabean.

(B) Rabi Season Crops :

These crops are grown during the winter reason

from the month of November to April. e.g.
wheat, gram, peas.

Crop rotation can be defined as the practice of

growing of different crops on a piece of land in
a preplanned succession.

Bee Keeping

4. MANURES AND FERTILIZERS ::

1. INTRODUCTION ::

For their existence, all living organisms

essentially require the food.

Food is required for growth, development and

body repair.

Food supplies proteins, carbohydrates, fats

(lipids) and vitamins, minerals and water to our
body.

2. HUMANS DEPEND ON PLANTS AND

ANIMALS FOR FOOD :
Autotrophs :

4.1 Manures :

Manure are organic substances obtained from

the decomposition of animal wastes, like cow
dung and vegetable wastes by the action of
microbes.

Types of Manures
Manures
FYM

Those organisms (non green plants and all

animals) which cannot synthesize their own food
are called heterotrophs.

Green manuring

(A) Farmyard Manure (FYM)

It is formed by the decomposition of a mixture of

cattle excreta (dung), urine of cattle, litter and
roughage.

By the action of micro-organisms all these

materials decompose and are used as farmyard
manure (FYM).

Among all living organisms, only green plants

are autotrophs. i.e., they make their own food.

Heterotrophs :

Compost

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(B) Compost :

(B) Phosphatic Fertilizers :

Compost is a biological process in which the above

mentioned organic matter is decomposed by both
aerobic and anaerobic micro-organisms.

(C) Green Manuring :

The practice of green manuring includes growing

turning or ploughing and mixing of green crops with
soil to improve physical structure and soil fertility.

Green manures may include both leguminous and

non leguminous plants.

4.2 Fertilizers :

Fertilizers are the sources of plant nutrients

manufactured commercially from chemicals. They
are inorganic or organic compounds containing
necessary plant nutrients such as nitrogen,
phosphorus and potassium.
The chemical substance which can be used as a
fertilizer must have the following characteristics:

It must be soluble in water.

It should be easily assimilated by plants.

It should be fairly stable.

It should not be injurious to plants.

It should not disturb pH of the soil.

It should be cheap.

Fertilizers are classified according to the element

(N, P or K) which they supply to the soil.

(A) Nitrogeneous fertilizers

(B) Phosphatic fertilzers
(C) Potash fertilizers

Calcium superphosphate
Nitrophosphate
Triple phosphate
Phosphatic slag
(C) Potash Fertilizers :

The important nitrogenous compounds used as

fertilizers are :

Ammonium sulphate, (NH4)2SO4

Calcium cyanamide, CaCN2
Calcium ammonium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2, NH4NO3
Basic calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2, CaO
Urea, (NH2CONH2)

Potassium nitrate, potassium chloride and

potassium sulphate are used as fertilizers.

(D) NPK Fertilizers :

Fertilizers containing N, P and K in suitable

adjusted proportions are known as NPK
fertilizers. These are obtained by mixing
nitrogenous, phosphatic and potash fertilizers in
suitable proportions.

6. NUTRIENTS ::
The food required by plant is composed of certain
elements, which are known as nutrients.

6.1 Important Function of an Essential Plant

Nutrient :

In the absence of the element the plant is not

able to complete its life cycle.

The deficiency of a particular element can be

prevented or corrected only by supplying that
nutrient.

The element must have a direct influence on the

plant nutrition and metabolism.

(D) NPK fertilizers

(A) Nitrogenous Fertilizers :

The minerals of phosphorus such as phosphorite,

[Ca3(PO4)2] and apatire, [3Ca3(PO4)2 CaF2] are
sparingly soluble in water and thus do not serve
as source of phosphorus for plants. These are,
therefore, converted into soluble materials which
can act as good fertilizers. The important
phosphatic fertilizers are :

6.2 Classification of Nutrients :

On the basis of quantities required, the 13
nutrients needed for plant growth.

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(A) Macronutrients :

The essential elements, which are utilized by

plants relatively in large quantities, are called
major nutrients (macro-nutrients).

Eg. N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Sm.

The combination of the systems of producing

crops and maintaining benefits from both systems
is called mixed farming.

7.1 Important Mixed Farming Systems :

Some of the important mixed farming systems are.

(B) Micronutrients :

(A) Food Fodder Farming System

The essential elements which are used by plants

in small quantities are called micro-nutrients
(minor-nutrients).

Eg. Fe, Mg, B, Zn, Cu, Mo, Cl.

(B) Agro Forestry System

6.3 Improving Crop Yields :

The major group of activity for improving crop

yields can be classified as

Crop variety improvement

Crop Variety Improvement :

The improved varieties as seed is the vital input

in agricultural practices in gaining higher yields.

If a crop variety has inferior characters like.

This system includes mixed farming of desired

crops with trees.

(C) Horti Pastoral System

Crop production improvement

Crop protection management

This system involves mixed farming of food and

fodder crops eg. - wheat, maize, rice etc.

In this system, fodder grasses are grown along

with the fruit trees.

8. MIXED CROPPING ::

The process of mixing seeds of two or more

different crops and then sowing then in the same
field is called mixed cropping.

Example of mixed cropping -

(a) Susceptibility to diseases and pests.

(a) Wheat + mustard

(b) Low responsiveness to fertilizers and irrigation.

(b) Maize + urad

(c) Least adaptability then the existing variety.

(c) Arhar + mung

6.4 Incorporation of New Genes :

The variety needs incorporation of new genes

from other genotypes for superior characters.

These characters include -

(d) Ground nut + sunflower

8.1 Advantages of Mixed Cropping :

There is lesser risk of total crop failure because

if one crop fails, then the other crop helps the
farmers to overcome his loss.

Farmers get a variety of products for their family

by growing crops under the mixed cropping
system, e.g. cereals, pulses, fodder and
vegetables may be grown simultaneously.

(a) Resistance to diseases and pests.

(b) Response to various inputs like irrigation,
fertilizers etc.
(c) Resistance to drought and frost.
(d) Better quality
(e) Higher yield.

7. MIXED FARMING ::

A tract of land meant for the production of crops,

livestock or poultry is called a farm and the
phenomenon is called farming.

8.2 Intercropping :

Intercropping is a special type of mixed cropping

in which two or more crops are grown
simultaneously in the same field following a
definite row pattern.

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8.3 Differences between mixed cropping and
intercropping :
Mixed cropping

Intercropping

1 Marketing of only
mixed produce is
possible

Produce of each crop

can be marketed
separately

2 It is difficult to apply
pesticides to
individual crop

Pesticides can be applied

easily to the individual
crop

3 Prior to sowing, the

seeds of two crops are
mixed
4 There is no set pattern
of rows

Seeds of two crops are

not mixed before sowing

Crop rotation helps in replenishment of soil

fertility.

It prevents depletion of selective nutrients.

It prevents building up of diseases and pests of

particular crop.

It enhances the production by increasing

soil fertility.

The growing of different crops on a piece of land

in a pre-planned succession is called crop
rotation.

Manures affect the soil in following three

ways :

The manures enrich the soil with nutrients. They

replenish the general deficiency of nutrients in
the soil. Since manures contain nutrients in small
quantities, they are needed to be applied in large
quantities.

The manures add organic matter (called humus)

to the soil which restores the soil texture for
better retention of water and for aeration of soil.
For example, organic matter present in the
manures increases the water holding capacity in
sandy soils and drainage in clayey soil

The organic matter of manures provide food for

the soil organisms (decomposers such as
bacteria, fungi, etc.) which help in making
nutrients available to plants.

Thus, organ is manures help to improve the

physical properties of soil, reduce soil erosion,
increase the moisture holding capacity of soil
and above all these advantages, they are low
cost nutrient carriers.

(a) One year rotation

Maize - Mustard

2.

Rice - Wheat

(b) Two years rotation

1.

Maize - Mustard-Sugarcane - Fenugreek

2.

Maize - Potato- Sugarcane - Peas

(c) Three years rotation

1.

Rice - Wheat - Mung - Mustard

2.

Sugarcane - Berseem

3.

Cotton - Oat - Sugarcane - Peas - Maize Wheat

9.1 Selection of Crops of Rotation :

Source of moisture (through rain or irrigation).

Status of nutrients in the soil.

Availability of inputs (such as fertilizers,

pesticides, man power and machine power).

Duration of crop short or long

Marketing and processing facilities.

Manures are natural fertilizers. They are bulky

sources of organic matter which supply nutrients
in small quantities but organic matter in large
quantities. Manures include farmyard manure
(FYM). Compost, green manures, vermicompost,
etc.

Advantages of Manures :

Depending upon the duration, crop rotation may

be of following three types :
1.

the

9.3 Organic Farming :

A pattern of rows is
observed

9. CROP ROTATION ::

9.2 Advantages of Crops Rotation :

10. CROP PROTECTION MANAGEMENT

During the cultivation, crops are infested with a

different variety of pest.

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Pest are Those organisms which causes great

economic loss by damaging crop plants or
products obtained from them is called a pest.
There are different methods of controlling of the
pest like -

(a) Pesticides or biocides (for killing the pest)

(b) Insecticides (for killing the insects)
(c) Fungicides (for killing the fungi)

Borer Insects :

11.2 Methods of Insect Pest Control :

The root cutting type of insects can be controlled

by mixing insecticide in the soil.

The stem and leaf cutting and boring type of

insects can be controlled by dusting or spraying
the contact insecticides. eg., malathion, lindane.

The sap sucking insects can be controlled by

spraying systemic insecticides.

11. EXAMPLE OF WEEDS ::

Wild sorghum or Jangali jowar

Wild oat

Chaulai (Amaranthus viridis)

Bathua (Chenopodium album)

Xanttrium (gokhroo)

Parthenium (Gajar ghas)

Cyprinius rotundus (motha)

11.1 Methods of Weed Control :

The process of removing weeds from a crop field

is called weeding.

Weeds can be controlled by following methods (a) Mechanical methods

12. DISEASE CONTROL ::

A wide variety of plant pathogens such as

bacteria, viruses and fungi, exist in our
environment.

Pest infect and cause serious diseases in our

crops.

The diseases caused by these pathogens include

blast in paddy (rice), rust in wheat, red rot in
sugarcane.

Based on the mode of transmission, plant

diseases are of following four types -

(b) Culture methods

(c) Chemical control
(d) Biological control

Insect Pest Control :

Based on the mode of attack, the insect pests are

of following three types :

Chewing Insects :

They cut and chew root, stem and leaves of the

plants with the help of their chewing type of
mouth parts. e.g., grass hoppers, locusts,
caterpillars, grubs etc.

Sucking Insects :

They suck the cell sap from different parts of the

plants with the help of piercing and sucking
mouth parts. eg. Aphids, leaf hoppers, plant bugs,
etc.

They bore and enter different plant parts, and

feed on the plant tissues eg. Sugarcane borer,
pod borers, cotton ball weevil, grain weevils, etc.

12.1 Seed Borne Diseases :

The diseases which spread through seeds are

called seed borne diseases, e.g., loose smut of
wheat, leaf spot of rice.

12.2 Soil Borne Diseases :

The soil borne diseases mostly affect roots and

stems of crop plants, e.g., smut of bajra, tikka
disease of groundnut.

12.3 Air Borne Diseases :

The air diseases attack all aerial parts of the

plants like leaves, flowers and fruits. e.g., rust of
wheat, blast of rice.

12.4 Water Borne Diseases :

The diseases which are transmitted through water

are termed as water borne diseases. e.g., bacterial
blight of rice.

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13. STORAGE OF GRAINS ::

Proper and safe storage of food grains is

necessary to ensure their availability throughout
the year.

The various factors that contributes to this loss

can be placed into two categories -

13.1 Biotic Factor :

Such as insects, rodents (e.g., squirrel, rat), birds

(e.g., sparrow, crow, pigeon), fungi, mites and
bacteria.

13.2 Abiotic Factor :

Such as moisture content and temperature.

Higher temperature (i.e., 30 32C) of stored

grains make them liable to decay.

The various types of damages caused by the

above factors include
(a) Infestation in insects,
(b) Degradation in quality,
(c) Loss in weight,
(d) Poor germinability,
(e) Discolouration of produce
(f) Poor marketability

14. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ::

The study of the breeding, feeding and caring of

domestic animals is called animal husbandry.

Just as to cultivation of crops requires special

care in the form of irrigation and application of
fertilizers and pesticides, the production and
management of live stock require definite
planning for their shelter, nutrition, breeding,
disease control and proper economic utilization.

The milk producing females are called milch

animals.

Those used for farm labour are called drought

animals.

14.2 Milk Producing Animals or Milch Animals:

(A) Breeds of Cow :

The types of breeds of dairy cows -

Indigenous
breeds
Ex. - Sahiwal, Gir.

Exotic breeds (foreign breeds) Ex - Jersey,

Brown-swiss.

Improved breeds / Cross breeds

Cattle faring is also called 'Cattle Husbandry'.

In our country cattle husbandry is done for two

purposes for milk and drought labour for
agricultural work.

breeds),

In India, improved breeds of dairy cows have

been developed at National Dairy Research
Institute (NDRI). Ex. Karan swiss.

(B) Breeds of buffaloes :

The important breeds of buffaloes with high yield

of milk are the as follows :

Murrah, Mehsana, Surti.

14.3 Shelter and Feeding Management of Milch

Animals :

For the production of cleans milk.

For the health of the animal.

The food eaten by animals is called feed. Feeding

of animal means to provide food to animal. The
food requirement of dairy animals is of two types :
(a) Maintenance requirements
(b) Milk producing requirements

The animal feed includes two types of

substances :

(A) Roughage :

Animal based farming includes cattle, goat,

sheep, poultry and fish farming.

14.1 Cattle Farming :

(Indian

It largely contains fibers such as green fodder,

silage, hay (straw of cereals) and legumes (e.g.,
berseem, cow pea and agathi)

(B) Concentrates :

The concentrates used in feed of cattle and

buffaloes are a mixture of substances which are
rich in one or more of the nutrients (e.g.,
carbohydrates, fats, protein, minerals and
vitamins).

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14.4 Diseases of Cattle :

Cows and buffaloes suffer from various diseases.

The diseases adversely affect the production of

milk and cause mortality of sick animals.

Diseases of dairy animals are broadly classified

into following three categories :

15.1 Poultry Breeds :

(A) Indigenous Breeds :

Aseel or Indian game bird is one of the

indigenous breed of fowl. It is most popular breed
of India and selected for poultry farming.

There occur only four popular varieties of Aseel,

namely :

(A) Parasitic Diseases :

The parasites of cattle may be both external and

internal parasites, the external parasites include
fleas, lice (blood-sucking lice), ticks and mite.

(a) Peela (golden red),

(B) Infectious Diseases :

(b) Yakub (black and red)

Infectious diseases are mainly caused by viruses

and bacteria.

Examples of Viral Disease :

Foot and mouth disease, cow pox or vaccinia
and rinderpest.

(c) Nurie (white)

(d) Kajal (black)

(B) Exotic Breeds :

Examples of Bacterial Diseases :

Anthrax, Hemorrhagic, septicemia, Black quarter.

The common symptoms of sick animals are as

follows :

The animal shows loss of appetite (stops eating)

Milk yielding animals produce less milk.

The animal becomes inactive (does not do the

work), looks tired and remains isolated.

The animal moves slowly or limps.

The eyes of animal become red.

14.6 Prevention of Animal Diseases :

The animals should be kept in good shelters;

this reduces the risk of diseases.

The animals should get regular bathing.

The animals having any disease should be kept

isolated.

Vaccines are also available against most diseases.

Though there are present numerous exotic breeds

of fowl, but the following two are most popularly
used in India.
(a) White leghorn

14.5 Symptoms of Sick Animals :

An egg laying poultry is called egger or layer

and the poultry reared for obtaining meat is called
chicken or broiler.

(b) Rhode island red

(c) Cross breed

15.2 Poultry Diseases :

The poultry birds suffer from various diseases

caused by virus (Fowl pox, Ranikhet), bacteria
(Tuberculosis, Cholera, Diarrhoea), fungi
(Aspergillosis), parasite (worms, mites, lice), etc.

16. FISH PRODUCTION ::

Capture fishing i.e., obtaining fishes from natural

resources.

Culture fishery i.e., fish farming.

The fishes which are obtained from island water

bodies such as ponds, lakes, rivers and streams are
called fresh water fishes Ex- labeo, while those
obtained from sea are called marine fish Ex Harpodon (Bombay duck), Mackerel, bhetki,
pomfret, Tuna, sardine.

15. POULTRY ::

16.1 Composite Fish Farming :

Poultry provides the best source of animal

protein and fats.

The intensive fish farming can be done in

composite fish culture systems.

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In such a system, a combination of five or six

fish species are grown in a single fish pond.

For example catla are surface feeders, Rohu feed

in the middle zone of the pond, and common
carps are bottom feeders and Grass carps feed
on the weeds. Such farming increases the fish
yield.

(B) Exotic Variety : A. mellifera (Italian bee)

Lac Culture

17. BEE KEEPING ::

17.1

Apiculture Care and Management of

Honeybees :

Human beings obtain many commercial products

from insects like honeybees. This is known as
Apiculture.

Honey has great importance for human beings

because of its medicinal value, specially in disorders
related to digestion, dysentery, vomiting and liver
ailments.

Bee farms or apiaries are established for commercial

production of honey.

Different varieties of bee are used for commercial

production of honey.

(A) The Local Varieties of Bees : Apis cerana

indica (commonly known as Indian bee). A. dorsata
(the rock bee) and A.florae (little bee).

Human beings obtain commercial products from lac

insects. Lac is secreted as a protective covering
mostly by the females. The encrustation is scraped
and processed to obtain lac. Lac is a resinous
secretion of Laccifer lacca or lac insect which feeds
on the sap of a number of forest trees

Seri Culture

If commercial product like silk are obtained from

silkworms. Silk is fibrous secretion which is secreted
by caterpillar over it during coccon formation.
Common silk is Mulberry silk. Mullberry silk is
obtained from Bombyx mori which feeds on leaves
of Mulberry (Morus alba). Mulberry specially
grown for silkworm is called Moriculture.

Pearl Culture

Pearl is produced by members of phyllum mollusca.

Pearl producing Indian variety is Pinctada vulgaris.
Father of Pearl Industry is Kokichi Mikimoto.

BIOLOGY
EXERCISE - 1

A. VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPES QUESTIONS.

D. FILL IN THE BLANKS

Q.1

Write full form of NDRI.

Q.15

The poultry reared for meat is called .................

Q.2

Name any two exotic variety of cow.

Q.16

Plants get nutrients from air, water and .................

Q.3

Name improved breeds of cows.

Q.17

Aseel is a popular breed of ...............

Q.4

Write two infectious diseases each of cows,

poultry.

Q.18

................. is the fastest growing carp.

Q.5

Name two varieties of Indian fresh water fish.

E. TRUE OR FALSE

B. SHORT ANSWER TYPES QUESTIONS

(About 3040 words)

Q.19

Murrah is a high yielding breed of buffalo.

Q.20

Catla and rohu are examples of marine fish.

Q.6

Explain the objectives of mixed cropping ?

Q.21

The production and management of fish is called

pisciculture.

Q.7

What are manures. What are the advantages of

the use of manures ?

Q.22

Golden revolution is related to the increase in

the production of milk.

Q.8

What are the benefits of cattle farming ?

Q.23

Q.9

How do storage grain losses occur ?

The broiler chicken are given more food to gain

weight.

Q.10

Write a note on sericulture ?

Q.24

Carp is grown is Marine water.

Q.25

Compared to a female, a male fowl is bulkier.

C. LONG ANSWER TYPES QUESTIONS

(More than 6070 words)
Q.11

Distinguish between :
Mixed cropping and Inter cropping

Q.12

What is animal husbandary ? describe it ?

Q.13

What is crop rotation ? Given some advantages

of crop totation.

Q.14

What is the meaning of comp osite fish

culture ? Outline the significance of composite
fish culture.

F. SINGLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Q.26

Induced breeding can be exploited to increase

the production of (A) Camels
(B) Horses
(C) Fish
(D) Cows

Q.27

Which of the following is the high milk yielding

variety of cow (A) Holstein
(B) Dorset
(C) Sahiwal
(D) Red Sindhi

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Q.28

The fungi disease causing maximum death of

poultry bird is (A) Coryza
(B) Pullorium
(C) Rickets
(D) Aspergillosis

Q.29

The Jersey bull used for cross breeding is exotic

variety from (A) England
(B) Scotland
(C) Switzerland
(D) Holland

Q.30

Rinderpest disease of poultry is caused by (A) Insects

(B) Bacteria
(C) Virus
(D) Protozoa

Q.31

Inland fisheries is referred to (A) Culturing fish in freshwater

(B) Trapping and captuting fishes from sea coast
(C) Deep sea fisheries
(D) Extration of oil from fishes

Q.32

Several embryos can be produced at a time in a

single cow by the proces of (A) Hybridization
(B) Artificial insemination
(C) Embryo transfer
(D) Random mating

Q.33

Murrah, surti and Mehsena are different breeds

of (A) Cow
(B) Buffaloes
(C) Goat
(D) Sheep

Q.34

Exotic breed of poultry bird having high egg

laying capacity are
(A) White leghorn
(B) Broiler
(C) White cornish
(D) New Hemisphere

4.
5.
6.
Q.36

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Q.37

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Fish
Egg
Food grains

d.
e.
f.

Yellow revolution
Silver revolution
Golden revolution

Match the column

Column - I
Column - II
(Diseases)
(Animal effected)
Foot and
a. Fowl
mouth diseases
Ranikhet
b. Hen
Cholera
c. Cow, bafallow
Anthrax
d. Poultry
Fowl
e. Cattle
Match the column
Column - I
Column - II
(Diseases)
(Causal organisms)
Tuberculosis
a. Rabies
Aspergillosis
b. Ringworms
Viral diseases
c. Anthrax
Bacterial disease
d. Ascariasis
Fungia disease
e. Aspergillus fumigatus
Parasitic disease
f. Tubercullosis
bacteria

H. FILL THE BOX WITH APPROPRIATE WORD

Q.38

Crops grown from June to Oct.

Q.39

Crops grewn from Nov. to April

Q.40

Rock bee is

Q.41

NDRI is in

Q.42

Genus of gajar ghas parthenium

G. MATCH THE COLUMNS

Q.35

Match the column

Column - I
1.
2.
3.

Pulses
Oil
Milk

Column - II
a.
b.
c.

Green revolution
Blue revolution
White revolution

BIOLOGY
EXERCISE - 2

A. SINGLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Q.1

The science concerned with vegetable culture is

called (A) Floriculture
(B) Olericulture
(C) Horticulture
(D) Agriculture

Q.2

A water-fern, which is used as a green manure in

rice fields, is (A) Salvinia
(B) Mucor
(C) Aspergillus
(D) Azolla

Q.3

Green manure plants used by farmers mainly

belongs to (A) Compositae
(B) Leguminosae
(C) Solanaceae
(D) Poaceae

Q.4

Q.5

Q.6

Q.7

Q.8

(A) It is significantly less effective than other

pesticides
(B) Its cost of production is high
(C) It is not readily and rapidly degraded in nature
(D) Organisms at once develop resistance to it
Q.9

Which of the following is an example of a weed

of kharif season that infest wheat crop
(A) Amaranthus (Chauli)
(B) Nut grass (Motha)
(C) Sorghum (Jangali jowar)
(D) All of the above

Q.10

First bioinsecticide developed on commercial

scale was (A) Quinine
(B) DDT
(C) Organophosphate
(D) Sporeine

Q.11

Bioherbicides have been recommended (A) To prevent ecodegradation

(B) Because of their ready availability
(C) Because of their cheap rates
(D) Because of their abundance

Composted manure is produced from

(A) Farmyard manure and green manure
(B) Farm refuse and household refuse
(C) Organic remains of biogas plants
(D) Rotten vegetables and animal refuse

Q.12

Which of the following is not an air-borne

disease (A) Black stem rust of wheat
(B) Coffee rust
(C) Blast of rice
(D) Potato mosaic disease

Autotrophs and heterotrophs differ in

(A) How they obtain their carbon
(B) Whether they are prokaryotic or eukaryotic
(C) How they reproduce, sexually or asexually
(D) Whether they use chemicals or light as source
of energy

B. PASSAGE BASED QUESTIONS

The largest area under cultivation in India is for

which of the following crops (A) Rice
(B) Wheat
(C) Sugarcane
(D) Jowar

The most important weed against which

eradication measures would be taken on war
footings is (A) Eichhornia
(B) Dactylis
(C) Parthenium
(D) Ageratum
The major drawback of DDT as a pesticide is
that -

PASSAGE 1 (Q.13 TO Q. 15)

Increasing nutritional requitements due to population
explosion shifts focus to aquatic realm. Culturing two
or more varieties of fish in same tank has resulted in
Increased yield.
Q.13

What is the teach. culturing two or more varieties

of fish in a tank ?

Q.14

Explain the culture with example.

Q.15

What is the base of such culture.

BIOLOGY
ANSWER
EXERCISE -1
A. VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPES QUESTION

F. SINGLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1.
2.
3.
4.

26. C
29. A
32. C

5.

National Dairy Research Institute

Jersey, brown swiss.
Karan swiss, karan fries and frieswal.
Cow - Foot and mouth dieseases,
Poultry - Ranikhet.
Rohu and Catla.

35. 1-f, 2-d, 3-c, 4-b, 5-e, 6-a

36. 1-f, 2-a, 3-d, 4-b, 5-c
37. 1-f, 2-e, 3-a, 4-c, 5-b, 6-d

16. Soil
18. Catla

H. FILL THE BOX WITH APPROPRIATE WORD

38. Kharif
40. Apis dorsata
42. Parthenium

E. TRUE OR FALSE
19. True
22. False
25. True

20. False
23. True

28. D
31. A
34. A

G. MATCH THE COLUMNS

D. FILL IN THE BLANKS

15. Broiler
17. Fowl

27. A
30. C
33. B

21. True
24. False

39. Rabi
41. Haryana

EXERCISE -2
A. SINGLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. B
5. A
9. D

2. D
6. D
10. D

3. B
7. C
11. D

B. PASSAGE BASED QUESTIONS

4. A
8. C
12. A

PASSAGE 1 (Q.13 TO Q. 15)

13. Composite fish culture.
14. Catla are surface feeders, carp are bottom feeders and
labeo are column feeders.
15. Difference in feeding habits fo fish.