Fundamental concepts of Mechanics

There are four fundamental concepts of mechanics

Space
Time
Mass
Force
It is difficult to define these four concepts. These concepts
accepted on the basis of our experiences and used as a reference
of study of mechanics.
Space
Space is concern with the position of a body to fix the position of
a point or origin.
Mass
To distinguish behavior of the two bodies under the action of an
identical force.
Time
Time mostly used in dynamics to relate the sequence of events.
To define an event it is not enough to indicate its position in
space. Event time should also be given
Force
Force s an essential action which changes or tends to change the
state of rest or uniform motion of body.
Fundamental Principles of Mechanics
There are six fundamental principles of Mechanics
1. Law of parallelogram of forces

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Law of transmissibility
Newton's first law of motion
Newton's first law of motion
Newton's third law of motions
Newton's law of universal gravitation

Law of parallelogram of forces

When two forces acting on a particle may be replaced by a single
force, called resultant of two forces. This is obtained by drawing
the diagonal of parallelogram, The sides of parallelogram equal to
the given forces.
Law of transmissibility
This law states that conditions of equilibrium or motion of rigid
body will remain unchanged if a force acting at a given point of
the rigid body is replaced by a force of the same magnitude and
the same direction, but acting at different points. These two
forces have the same line of action.
Newton's first law of motion
If all the resultant forces acting on a particle is zero, the particle
will remain at rest if originally at rest or will be in motion with
constant speed in a straight line if originally in motion.
Newton's second law of motion
If all the resultant forces acting on a particle is zero, The particle
will have the acceleration proportional to the magnitude of the
resultant in the direction of this resultant forces
F

ma

Newton's third law of motions

The forces of action and reaction between bodies in contact have

the same magnitude, same line of action and in opposite sense.
Newton's law of universal gravitation
When two particles of mass m1 and m2 are attracted mutually
with equal and opposite forces F and -F of magnitude F as by
formula
F=G

m1m2/r2

What is Mechanics
The branch of physical science that deals with energy and forces,
and their effects on bodies.
OR
Mechanics is a science that describes or predicts condition of rest
and motion under the action of forces.
Particle
It means a very small amount of matter. It is assumed to occupy a
single point in space.

Rigid body
it is a combination of many particles occupying fixed positions
with respect to each other.