A publicprivate partnership (PPP) is a government service or private business venture which

is funded and operated through a partnership of government and one or more private
sector companies. These schemes are sometimes referred to as PPP, P3 or P3.
A 2013 study published in State and Local Government Review found that definitions of publicprivate partnerships vary widely between municipalities: "Many public and private officials tout
public-private partnerships for any number of activities, when in truth the relationship is
contractual, a franchise, or the load shedding of some previously public service to a private or
nonprofit entity." A more general term for such agreements is "shared service delivery"
municipalities joining together, with private firms, or with nonprofits to provide services to
citizens.
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Barlow, J., Roehrich, J.K. and Wright, S. (2013). Europe Sees Mixed Results
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