Aire fluye establemente a razn de 0.

4 kg/s a travs de un compresor,

entrando a 6 m/s con una presin de 1 bar y con un volumen especifico de 0.85
m3 /kg, y saliendo a 4.5 m/s con una presin de 6.9 bar y un volumen
especifico de 0.16 m3 /kg. La energa interna del aire saliente es 88 kJ/kg
mayor que la del aire entrante. Agua de enfriamiento en una camisa que rodea
el cilindro absorbe calor del aire a razn de 59 kJ/s. Calcule la potencia
requerida para accionar el compresor y las reas transversales de los
conductos de entrada y salida.

Gas Nitrgeno a 60 kPa y 7 C entra de forma permanente a un difusor

adiabtico con una velocidad de 200 m/s y sale a 85 kPa y 22 C. Determine a)

la velocidad de salida del nitrgeno y b) la razn de las reas de entrada y

salida A1/A2

cv
Refrigerante 12 entra de manera permanente a un difusor como vapor
saturado a 700 kPa con una velocidad de 140 m/s y sale a 800 kPa y 40 C. El
refrigerante gana calor a una relacin de 3 kJ/s cuando pasa a travs del
difusor. Si el rea de salida es 80 % mas grande que el rea de entrada,
determine a) la velocidad de salida, y b) la relacin de flujo de masa del
refrigerante.

Entra de forma permanente aire a una tobera a 300 kPa, 77 C y 50 m/s y sale
a 100 kPa y 320 m/s. La perdida de calor de la tobera se estima en 3.2 kJ/kg del
aire que fluye. El rea de entrada de la tobera es de 100 cm2 . Determine a) la
temperatura de salida del aire, y b) el rea de salida de la tobera

Air enters a nozzle steadily at 280 kPa and 77oC with a velocity of 50
m/s and exits at 85 kPa and 320m/s. The heat losses from the nozzle
to the surrounding medium at 20oC are estimated to be 3.2 kJ/kg.
Determine (a) the exit temperature and (b) the total entropy change
for this process.
Here we have a steady flow system with one inlet and one outlet. There is no useful work
in the nozzle. We neglect changes in potential energy and write the first law as follows

V2

q h
2

out

V2

h
2

in

We use the air tables to account for the temperature variation of the heat capacity and we
note that q = -3.2 kJ/kg since this is a heat loss. With the inlet enthalpy, hin = h(350 K) =
350.49 kJ/kg from the air tables, we can solve our first law for the outlet enthalpy as
follows.

hout q hin

2
Vin2 Vout
3.2 kJ 350.49 kJ

2
kg
kg

50 m

320 m

kJ s 2
1000 kg m 2

This gives hout = 297.34 kJ/kg. Interpolating in the air tables to find this enthalpy, we find
that it occurs at Tout = 297.2 K .
The total entropy change, stotal is the sum of the entropy change of the air, sair, plus that
of the surroundings, ssurround. We find the entropy change of the air from the usual
equation for the air tables.

P2
85 kPa
o
o
sair

( 297.2 K ) sair
(350 K ) R ln
280 kPa
P1
1.6924 kJ 0.287 kJ 85 kPa
0.1775 kJ

ln
kg K
kg K
kg K
280 kPa

o
o
sair sair
(T2 ) sair
(T1 ) R ln

The entropy change of the surroundings (per kilogram of air) is the heat transfer divided by
the constant temperature of 293.15 K for the surroundings. Note that the heat transfer to
the surroundings is the negative of the heat transfer to the nozzle: qsurround = 3.2 kJ/kg.

s surr

qsurr
Tsurr

3.2 kJ
0.0109 kJ
kg

293.15 K
kg K

Adding the entropy change of the air and the surroundings gives the total entropy change.

stotal sair s surr

0.1775 kJ 0.0109 kJ

kg K
kg K

stotal

0.1884 kJ
kg K

Es comprimido aire de 100 kPa y 22 C a una presin de 1 MPa mientras se

enfra a una relacin de 16 kJ/kg al circular agua por la caja del compresor. La
relacin de flujo de volumen del aire en las condiciones de la entrada es de 150
m3/min y la entrada de potencia al compresor es de 500 kW. Determine a) la
relacin de flujo de masa del aire, y b) la temperatura a la salida del
compresor.

Argon gas enters an adiabatic turbine steadily at 900 kPa and 450oC with
a velocity of 80 m/s and leaves at 150 kPa with a velocity of 150 m/s.
The inlet area of the turbine is is 60 cm2. If the power output of the
turbine is 250 kW, determine the exit temperature of the argon.
The application of the first law and the mass-balance equation to this problem proceeds in
exactly the same way as in the previous problem. The resulting equation for the work will
therefore be the same.

2
2

V
V
W u m hin in hout out
2
2

This problem is different from the previous one in that we will use ideal gas properties for
argon. In addition, we are not given the mass flow rate; however we can find it from the
data given on the inlet velocity and area. We have to find the specific volume, using the
ideal gas equation at the inlet, to apply this formula. Using v = RT/P for the specific
volume, with R = 0.2081 kJ/kgK for argon gives the mass flow rate as follows.

VA VAP 80 m
m

60 cm 2
v
RT
s

10 2 m
1 kJ
1
kg

(900 kPa) kg K

2
.
874
cm
0.2081 kJ 723.15 K kPa m 3
s

For noble gases like argon, the heat capacity is constant over a wide temperature range.
(See figure 4-24 on page 177.) Thus we can use the equation that hout hin = cp(Tout Tin).
We can find the value of cp for argon in Table A-1 to be 0.5203 kJ/kgK.
We can combine this ideal gas relationship for the enthalpy change with the first law
equation to get the following result.

2 2

V
V
W u m c p Tin Tout in out
2
2

Tout

W u Vin2 Vout

m 2
2
Tin
cp

We can solve the final equation for Tout. Note that we could solve for the temperature in
either kelvins or degrees Celsius.

Tout

W u Vin2 Vout

m 2
2
Tin

cp

250 kW 1 kJ
1 80 m
150 m

2.874 kg kW s 2 s
s

s
723.15 K
0.5203 kJ
kg K
2

Tout = 540 K

kJ s 2
2
1000 kg m