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IMPLANTATION, EMBRYOLOGY,
& PLACENTAL DEVELOPMENT
Dr. Sia- Santocildes
Legend:
Williams
Lecture
INTRODUCTION
Cycle interval
Average of 28 days
Produced by oocytes
OVARIAN-ENDOMETRIAL CYCLE
I.
OVARIAN CYCLE
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B.
C.
Ovulation
LH surge
17-estradiol
Notes:
Corpus Luteum a transient endocrine organ within the
absence of pregnancy will rapidly regress 9-11 days after
ovulation.
In the process of luteolysis, there is a dramatic drop within the
circulating estradio and progesterone levels, which signals the
endometrium to initiate menstruation.
Estradiol has been proposed to act on the epithelial cells surface
to stimulate nitric oxide production leading to rapid vasoactive
properties
Fig. 3: The spiral arteries of human endometrium are modified during the
ovulatory cycle.
THE DECIDUA
B.
Endometrium
thickens
from
both
glandular
hyperplasia and increased stromal ground substance
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2.
I.
DECIDUAL STRUCTURE
3.
4.
Still unknown
Possible roles:
1. Transport of transmembrane solute and water,
and thus, maintenance of amniotic fluid volume
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IMPLANTATION, PLACENTAL
FORMATION AND FETAL MEMBRANE
DEVELOPMENT
FERTILIZATION
IMPLANTATION
I.
PHASES OF IMPLANTATION
1.
Apposition
2.
Adhesions
3.
CAMs
Ex. V3 and 41
Marker of receptivity for blastocyst attachment
Abberant expression of V3 associated with infertility
Anchoring Villi
CYTOTROPHOBLAST
Undergoes DNA synthesis
and mitosis
Well demarcated border
Single nucleus
SYNCITIOTROPHOBLAST
Amorphous
cytoplasm
without cell border
Nuclei multiple and diverse
in size and shape
Continuous syncytial lining
Migrates to:
a. Decidua
b. Myometrium
c.
Maternal vasculature
Classified as:
a. Interstitial trophoblast
o Invades decidua and myometrium to
form placental bed of giant cells
o Also, penetrates lumen of spiral arteries
b. Endovascular trophoblast
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Invasion: trophoblast
Trophoblast
PLACENTAL DEVELOPMENT
I.
THE CHORION
I.
PLACENTAL GROWTH
diameter = 185mm.
thickness = 23 mm
volume = 497 mL
weight = 508 g.
10-38 lobes cotyledons
(both promote
invasion of trophoblast cells to decidua toward spiral
IL-8 and INF inducible protein10
arteries)
FETAL CIRCULATION
Truncal Artery
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Outermost
MATERNAL CIRCULATION
UMBILICAL CORD
Early in Pregnancy
Allantois project into the base of the body stalk from the
caudal wall; later, form the anterior wall of the hindgut.
Pedicle : longer
Middle and Third Month
AMNION
I.
STRUCTURE OF AMNION
Inner
At term: 1,000ml
Involved in solute & water transport (maintain amniotic
fluid homeostasis)
Produce bioactive compounds
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