-t

ti

APPENDIX A
UNSOLVED PROBTEMS
COMPUTER GRAPHICS

l. A line from two points A (10, 30) and B (g0, 70) is to be scaled by factor .1, in

X direction and''2' in I/ direction and to be translated by vector (30, 40). Determine

the
transformation matrix and co-ordinates of transformed line.

2. A triangle

having vertices (3, 3), (8, 5), (5, 8) is first translated by 3 units in x-direction
then it is scaled by 2 units about fixed point (5, 6) and finally it is rotared about poinr
(2, 5) in clockwise direction by 35'. Find the final position of triangle. Show
the total
transformation on graph paper.

FEM

l.

Consider the bar shown in figure. An axial load P is applied as shown. Determine the
elemental stresses and reaction force using FEM.

dr: o ll?t C4P\

42-=0.0\t12-m\rn

4l = 0 03e\

(,:

E= rox loehr/mz

-5S S trl
Ar^: -6\'s r'f
2.

P=100N

6t*a o 3{8 r-$}q

4 Sz *o ,&ta* fl(

The stepped shaft shown in Figure I is fully restrained against rotation about its axis.
Twisting moments of l0 and ti fN-m are applied at the point of changing section.
Calculate the rotation of the bar about its axis at point 2 and 3 and hence determine the

ffi]?l:!ffi:ilJjjf ]:ltrf 3:1'J'3$,;!

;T:":[JH1I:

of ,orque a,ong,he

{
J

3.

=2x1o7rro J=3x

1o7mma

J=2x

1o7mma

Analyze the following stepped bar using FEM i.e. to find nodal displacement, element
stresses and reaction forces.

AppendV

\\

\\
\\
t

1;

4.
5.

A1 = l2oo rrrm?
=.r4cb,,,,oz
l:: = 60omm2
Ei: = s34bpu
Ez = 70 Gpa
E: = 2@Gpa
Pr = 60KN:.
Pz=75KN
Modify the above problem by changing the
direction of p, & p,
For pin jointed truss shown in foilowing
fig, determine the nodar'dispracement,

stress in

1200 cm

6. The

following tig shows a pin-jointed

truss. Cros-sectional area of each element
is 350mm2. E =2@ Gpa. Model the
truss using one_dimensional elements,
and determine stress in each element,
displacement of joints, and reactions
at
the support.

7. For the truss shown

in fig. a horizontal load

p_= 4KN is apptied in x directisn

u,

:f
2:

1m

Treating Frame as made up

of

oJ*,

linear
elements, determine the global stifiness
matrix
and reaction force at node 2 in the y_direction.
8.

Aa400mm'z

The following fig shows a composite

bar
carrying force p = 60 KN. 8,".r 2OC
Gpa.
=
EAru* = 70Gpa. Connecting, pjaie
ana.*att,

E=200GPa

are rigid.

Alum tube
A = +00 mm2

Treating each member as one_dimensional

linear element.

202
Determine

Computer Graphics lncluding CAD,

AutoCAD and C
:

(a) Stresses in each member.

(b) Displacement-of a load point.
(c) Reactions ar wail
OPTIMIZATION

l'

A sinrply supported beam is having rectangular

cross-section. Distance between support
load acting at
beam is 8.5 KN.;;rign beam with
fo[owing
""r't*

;"m]he

"r

finptor of Safety = 1.6

Depth/Breadth(k) = 2.5

15mm <d<l50mm

2'

Solve for min. deflection.

Design a tensile bar for maximum

energy absorption for the forowing

Axial load = 85 KN
Length of bar = g6 grn
Factor of safety = L65

Material available are :

Steel SAE l0l0 cold drawn
Steel SAE 2345 drawn at 425"C
Aluminium brass
Aluminium alloy SAE 260.

'

fi,,ir'rl',"#;TJ,',?:JLength

'/'

is to be designed for minimum torsionar

deflection subjected to

Torque applied = g0KN_cm

shourd lie between 300 mm to 500

mm. Inside diamerer D,
Outside diameter Do S 40 mm

> l0

mm

Ratio of outside diameter to inside

diameter:
Do

',
Factor of safety

4.

= I')

1.9

Following materiars are avairabre :

sAE 1020. sAE 1035, sAE 3140. Ar. ailoy
no. 39.
Design a circular shaft for minimum
torsional
deflection.

(i) Length should be berween O6Om and 900

(li) Diameter should be berween l0mm and mm.
70mm
(lii) Factor of safety = 1.45
(iv) Twisting moment T = g5 KN_cm.
(u) Available materials :
(a) SAE 1020
(e) sAE 103s
(c) SAE 4t4O oit quenched.
(d) ,Aluminium brass

203
e bar is subjected to a load of 60

Le
the

KN. It is decided to use a factor of safety of t .5.

of the bar is around 550 mm. The bar should have an area > 15 mm2. Design
for,minfrnufr bost, Available materials are SAE 1030, SAE 1095, Aluminium,

6. A cant

ver bearn of length 'L' carries a transverse load F = 15 KN at its free end.
Detern{e the diameter of beam and length for maximum energy absorption for following
conditiorl. The diameter should be between 30 mm to I00 mm. The length should be
between &lOrn* to 700 mm. Factor of safety N=1.75. Available mateials are steel
.
steet SAE 324O. Aluminium alloy no 38.

ry,

\'/

aL=

'L=

f m6t
7oo

Yn,')