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MID PINES FIELD 2

SAMPLED:

04.02.2014, 04.04.2014,
04.11.2014

Natalie Carmen
Elizabeth Gillispie
Colby Jones
Lora Sigmon-Chatham

Team Mapping Project


SSC 452/ 551 Soil Classification and Genesis
North Carolina State University
May 5, 2014

Natalie Carmen Elizabeth Gillispie Colby Jones Lora Sigmon-Chatham

Table of Contents
Section
Page
Introduction
...2
Auger Locations
Map
..4
Auger Profile
Descriptions.
..5
Series
Descriptions
11
Map Unit
Description
..16
Taxonomic
Names
.21
Topography/ Slopes
Map.
24
Soil
Map
25
Septic System
Evaluation
.26

Natalie Carmen Elizabeth Gillispie Colby Jones Lora Sigmon-Chatham

Introduction
1.1. Synopsis of contents of this report
A detailed soil survey map and soil report were generated by our team for a
site named Field Two located within the NCSU Lake Wheeler Field Laboratory in
Wake County, North Carolina. In this introduction we will briefly describe our
approach and methods to mapping this site, how our survey was made, possible
uses in land management, and an overview of the sites general setting. The
attached project provides further detail in the sites profile descriptions for each
series present and its location, a range of characteristics, a map unit description for
each map delineation, taxonomic classifications, a soil map, and a septic system
evaluation.
1.2. Brief description of site survey and mapping approach
The first part of our mapping project consisted of better understanding the
surroundings of our site by a visual, qualitative survey. This included walking the
perimeter of our site and taking note of vegetative cover, slope differences (i.e.
uplands, ridges, depressions), surrounding land use and human activity as well as
possible sampling points based on these parameters. A map of our site was already
printed out for this initial survey, which allowed us to visually divide the site into
four main sections to better approach our sampling. This map coupled with our
evaluation and a topographic map provided us enough information to begin
suggesting places to sample, starting with uplands and the lowest point of each
section. A series of soil samples cored to a depth of approximately 150 cm using an
auger boring method were obtained and then described to yield a detailed profile
description.
Based on the multiple soil samples taken and their detailed descriptions (i.e.
color, texture, horizons and thickness, gravel content, depth to water table, etc.),
we were able to identify the series present in our site. Ph strips were also used to
record an approximate value of the soil pH in each horizon of all cores taken. Each
series present was given a detailed profile description, range of characteristics, map
unit description and taxonomic classification. A complete soil classification map
was illustrated based on our collected information of soil classifications of the area,
contours, and slopes. Lastly, this information was then used for evaluating the
suitability of an on-site waste disposal system in each soil map unit.
1.3. Overview of the sites major factors of soil formation
Based on our site classification and background knowledge, we believe that
parent material and climate have the most significant role in the formation of these
soils, though all factors do have some impact. Most of the soils within the field two
mapping site were weathered from igneous rocks that contained high amounts of
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Natalie Carmen Elizabeth Gillispie Colby Jones Lora Sigmon-Chatham


aluminum and silicon that created more acidic conditions. Low base saturation and
an absence of essential elements such as phosphorous, calcium and magnesium
result in the Ultisol soil order. The udic moisture regime and thermic temperature
regime contribute to the large amounts of subsurface clay accumulation and highly
weathered conditions make kaolinite a dominant clay mineral within predominantly
red colored subsoil.
1.4. Possible use of report in land management
The report our team generated can aid land management by providing
adequate and in-depth information on the soil properties in that area that are
crucial to knowing for various land managements. For example, someone can
determine the suitability of an area for their land use by looking at the map unit
descriptions and seeing what parameters might impact their land use (i.e. clay as a
restrictive layer, degree of water table drainage, natural supply of nutrients) and
then compare among units within the area to find the place site for their desired
land management practice. Soils are the base for any land management and
therefore a thorough report of an area, like our team has provided, will greatly aid in
decision making processes.

Natalie Carmen Elizabeth Gillispie Colby Jones Lora Sigmon-Chatham

Natalie Carmen Elizabeth Gillispie Colby Jones Lora Sigmon-Chatham

Auger Profile Descriptions


Point 1
Appling gravelly sandy loam (2-5% slope)
A 0 to 56 cm; Reddish brown (2.5YR 5/3) sandy loam; weak, medium, granular
structure; friable, nonplastic, nonsticky; small rocks common; gradual boundary.
E 56 to 70 cm; Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy clay loam; weak, medium,
subangular blocky structure; firm, nonplastic, nonsticky; clear boundary.
Bt1 70-86 cm; Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) clay; weak, medium, subangular
blocky structure; friable, moderately plastic, slightly sticky; gradual boundary.
Bt2 86-150+ cm; Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay, red (2.5YR 4/6) mottles;
moderate, medium, subangular blocky structure; firm, moderately plastic, slightly
sticky; diffuse boundary.
Point 2
Appling sandy loam (5-8% slopes)
Ap 0 to 38 cm; Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam; weak, fine, granular
structure; friable, nonplastic, nonsticky; rocks throughout; clear boundary.
E 38 to 60 cm; Brown (10YR 5/3) loamy sand; weak, fine, subangular blocky
structure; friable, nonplastic, nonsticky; rocks profuse; clear boundary.
Bt1 60 to 83 cm; Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) sandy clay, common red (2.5YR 5/8)
mottles; moderate, medium, subangular blocky; firm, moderately plastic, slightly
sticky; clear boundary.
Bt2 83 to 103 cm; Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) sandy clay, common red (2.5YR 5/8)
mottles; moderate, medium, subangular blocky structure; firm, moderately plastic,
slightly sticky; clear boundary.
Bt3 103 to 122+ cm; Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) sandy clay loam, common red
(2.5YR 5/6) mottles; moderate, medium, granular; friable, nonplastic, nonsticky;
clear boundary.

Natalie Carmen Elizabeth Gillispie Colby Jones Lora Sigmon-Chatham


Point 3
Appling sandy loam (2-5% slope)
Ap 0 to 25 cm; Light olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) sandy loam; weak, medium, granular
structure; friable, nonplastic, nonsticky; abrupt boundary; pH = 5.0.
Bt1 25 to 53 cm; Light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) sandy clay; weak, medium,
subangular blocky structure; friable, very plastic, slightly sticky; gradual boundary.
Bt2 53 to 89 cm; Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) sandy clay, red (10R 4/8)
mottles, yellowish red (5YR 5/8) mottles; weak, medium, subangular blocky
structure; friable, moderately plastic, slightly sticky; gradual boundary.
Bt3 89 to 152+ cm; Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay, dark yellowish brown
(10YR 4/6) mottles; weak, medium, subangular blocky structure; friable, moderately
plastic, slightly sticky; pH of depletions = 4.5.
Point 4
Helena loamy sand (2-5% slope)
A 0 to 36 cm; Olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) loamy sand; weak, medium, granular
structure; friable, nonplastic, nonsticky; clear boundary; pH= 5.5
E 36 to 60 cm; Light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) loamy sand; weak, fine, subangular
blocky structure; friable, nonplastic, nonsticky; clear boundary; pH= 5.0.
Bt1 60 to 109 cm; Light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) sandy clay loam, olive brown (2.5 Y
4/3) mottles, few strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles; moderate, medium, subangular
blocky structure; friable, moderately plastic, slightly sticky; clear boundary; pH= 4.5
Bt2 109 to 132 cm; Olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) sandy clay, brownish yellow (10YR 6/8);
weak, medium, subangular blocky; friable, moderately plastic, slightly sticky; clear
boundary; Saturated; pH= 4.5
C 132 to 152+ cm; Gray (2.5Y 6/1) sandy clay saprolite, red (10R 4/8)
concentrations, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) mottles; Massive structure; very firm,
moderately plastic, moderately sticky; clear boundary; pH= 4.5.

Natalie Carmen Elizabeth Gillispie Colby Jones Lora Sigmon-Chatham


Point 5
Appling gravelly sandy loam, buried (5-8% slope)
A 0 to 28 cm; Dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) sandy loam; weak, fine, granular
structure; friable, nonplastic, nonsticky; clear boundary; pH= 5.0
E 28 to 41 cm; Grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loamy sand; weak, fine, granular
structure; friable, nonplastic, nonsticky; clear boundary; pH= 5.0
Bt 41 to 86 cm; Light olive brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy loam; moderate, medium,
subangular blocky structure; firm, slightly plastic, nonsticky; gradual boundary; pH=
4.5
E 86 to 109 cm; Light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) sandy clay loam; moderate, medium,
subangular blocky structure; firm, moderately plastic, nonsticky; gradual boundary;
pH= 4.5
BC 109 to 152+ cm; Yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) sandy clay, white (2.5Y 8/1)
depletions, red (10R 4/8) concentrations; moderate, medium, subangular blocky;
very firm, moderately plastic, nonsticky; pH= 4.5
Point 6
Appling sandy loam (2-5% slope)
Ap 0 to 28 cm; Reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) sandy loam, Light reddish brown (2.5YR
6/3) depletions; weak, fine, granular structure; friable, plastic, sticky; abrupt
boundary; pH= 5.5
BA 28 to 41 cm; Strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) sandy clay, yellowish brown (10YR 5/8)
depletions; moderate, medium, subangular blocky structure; firm, moderately
plastic, moderately sticky; clear boundary; pH= 5.0.
Bt1 41 to 86 cm; Yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay, brownish yellow (10YR 6/8)
depletions, dark red (10R 3/6) mottles; moderate, medium, subangular blocky
structure; firm, moderately plastic, moderately sticky; gradual boundary; pH= 5.0.
Bt2 86 to 114 cm; Strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) clay, dark red (2.5YR 3/6) mottles,
olive yellow (2.5Y 6/8) depletions; weak, fine, subangular blocky; friable, moderately
plastic, moderately sticky; gradual boundary; pH= 5.0.
Bt3 114 to 152 cm; Reddish yellow (7.5YR 5/8) sandy clay, dark red (2.5YR 3/6)
mottles; weak, medium, granular; firm, moderately plastic, moderately sticky; pH=
5.0.

Natalie Carmen Elizabeth Gillispie Colby Jones Lora Sigmon-Chatham


Point 7
Radically Awesome sandy loam (8-10% slope)
Ap 0 to 20 cm; Olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) sandy loam; weak, medium, granular
structure; friable, plastic, sticky; abrupt boundary; pH= 4.5.
Bt1 20 to 46 cm; Olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) sandy clay; weak, medium, subangular
blocky structure; friable, moderately plastic, slightly sticky; clear boundary; pH=
4.5.
Bt2 46 to 135 cm; Olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) sandy clay, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6)
mottles; weak, medium, subangular blocky structure; firm, moderately plastic,
slightly sticky; clear boundary; pH= 5.0.
Bt3 135 to 152+ cm; Brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) clay, gray (10YR 6/1) depletions,
yellowish red (5YR 5/8) mottles; moderate, coarse, subangular blocky structure;
firm, moderately plastic, moderately sticky; pH= 5.0.
Point 8
Louisburg loamy sand (2-5% slope)
Ap 0 to 20 cm; Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loamy sand; weak, fine, granular
structure; friable, nonplastic, nonsticky; abrupt boundary; pH= 5.0; few small roots
present.
Bt 20 to 92 cm; Dark red (2.5YR 3/6) sandy loam, olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) mottles;
moderate, medium, subangular blocky structure; firm, slightly plastic, slightly sticky;
abrupt boundary; pH= 4.5.
C 92+ cm; Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sand; fine, granular structure; loose,
nonplastic, nonsticky; pH= 4.5.
Point 9
Cecil sandy clay loam (5-8% slope)
A 0 to 28 cm; Olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) sandy clay loam; weak, fine, granular
structure; friable, slightly plastic, nonsticky; clear boundary; pH= 5.5; some gravel
present.
Bt1 28 to 69 cm; Light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) clay, light red (2.5 YR 7/8) mottles,
many dark reddish gray (2.5 YR 4/1) depletions; moderate, medium, subangular
blocky; friable, moderately plastic, slightly sticky; clear boundary; pH= 5.0.

Natalie Carmen Elizabeth Gillispie Colby Jones Lora Sigmon-Chatham


Bt2 69 to 127+ cm; Yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6)
depletions; weak, medium, subangular blocky structure; firm, moderately plastic,
slightly sticky; pH= 4.5; medium amount of gravel present.

Natalie Carmen Elizabeth Gillispie Colby Jones Lora Sigmon-Chatham


Point 10
Appling gravelly sandy loam (5-8% slope)
A 0 to 25 cm; Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam; weak, fine, granular
structure; friable, slightly plastic, nonsticky; abrupt boundary; pH= 5.0.
Bt1 25 to 56 cm; Yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)
mottles; weak, medium, subangular blocky structure; friable, very plastic, slightly
sticky; clear boundary; pH= 5.0.
Bt2 56 to 140+ cm; Yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay; moderate, medium, subangular
blocky structure; firm, very plastic, moderately sticky; clear boundary; pH= 4.5.
Point 11
Appling gravelly sandy loam (2-5% slope)
Ap 0 to 41 cm; Olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) sandy loam; weak, fine, granular structure;
very friable, nonplastic, nonsticky; clear boundary; pH= 5.0; Saturated at roughly
23cm.
Bt1 41 to 64 cm; Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; moderate, fine, sunangular blocky structure; firm, moderately plastic, slightly sticky; gradual boundary;
pH= 5.0.
Bt2 64 to 114+ cm; Yellowish red (5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam, red (10R 4/8)
mottles, red (2.5YR 6/6) mottles; moderate, fine, subangular blocky structure; firm,
moderately plastic, slightly sticky; pH= 4.5.
Point 12
Helena loamy sand (0-2% slope)
Ap 0 to 29 cm; Olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) loamy sand; weak, fine, granular structure;
very friable, nonplastic, nonsticky; clear boundary; pH= 5.0; many fine roots
present.
A 29 to 50 cm; Light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loamy sand; weak, medium, granular
structure; Loose, nonplastic, slightly sticky; clear boundary; pH= 5.0.
Bt 50 to 112 cm; Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay; weak, medium,
subangular blocky; firm, moderately plastic, slightly sticky; pH= 4.5; rock fragments
common.

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Natalie Carmen Elizabeth Gillispie Colby Jones Lora Sigmon-Chatham

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Natalie Carmen Elizabeth Gillispie Colby Jones Lora Sigmon-Chatham


Point 13
Appling gravelly sandy loam (2-5% slope)
A 0 to 28 cm; Dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) sandy loam; weak, medium, granular
structure; friable, slightly plastic, nonsticky; abrupt boundary; pH= 5.0.
Bt1 28 to 79 cm; Olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) sandy clay, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)
mottles, yellowish red (5YR 5/8) mottles; weak, medium, subangular blocky
structure; firm, moderately plastic, slightly sticky; clear boundary; pH= 5.0.
Bt2 79 to 109 cm; Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) clay, yellowish red (5YR 5/8);
moderate, medium, subangular blocky; firm, moderately plastic, slightly sticky;
clear boundary; pH= 4.5.
Bt3 109 to 152+ cm; Marbled red (2.5YR 4/8) clay, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6),
gray (2.5Y 6/1) depletions; weak, medium, subangular blocky structure; very firm,
very plastic, moderately sticky; pH= 4.5.
Point 14
Appling sandy loam (2-5% slope)
A 0 to 38 cm; Olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) sandy loam; weak, fine, granular structure;
very friable, nonplastic, nonsticky; diffuse boundary; pH= 5.0.
Bt1 38 to 74 cm; Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) sandy clay, dark red (2.5YR 3/6)
mottles; moderate, medium, subangular blocky; firm, slightly plastic, slightly sticky;
diffuse boundary; pH= 5.0.
Bt2 74 to 109 cm; Yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) clay, red (10R 4/8) mottles;
moderate, medium, subangular blocky; firm, moderately plastic, slightly sticky;
clear boundary; pH= 4.5.
BC 109 to 127+ cm; Yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR
5/8) mottles, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) depletions; moderate, fine, subangular
blocky to granular structure; friable, nonplastic, nonsticky; pH= 4.5.

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Natalie Carmen Elizabeth Gillispie Colby Jones Lora Sigmon-Chatham

Series Descriptions
Appling Series
The Appling series consists of very deep, well drained, moderately permeable soils
on ridges and side slopes of the Piedmont uplands. They are deep to saprolite and
very deep to bedrock. They formed in residuum weathered from felsic igneous and
metamorphic rocks of the Piedmont uplands. Slopes range from 2 to 8%. In this
type location, mean annual precipitation is 45 inches and mean annual temperature
is 60 degrees F.
Typical pedon of Appling sandy loam, 2-5% slopes, in a previously cultivated field
one mile south of the intersection between Tryon Road and Lake Wheeler Road in
Raleigh, NC.
Ap 0 to 28 cm; Reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) sandy loam, Light reddish brown (2.5YR
6/3) mottles; weak, fine, granular structure; friable, plastic, sticky; abrupt boundary;
pH= 5.5.
BA 28 to 41 cm; Strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) sandy clay, yellowish brown (10YR 5/8)
mottles; moderate, medium, subangular blocky structure; firm, moderately plastic,
moderately sticky; clear boundary; pH= 5.0.
Bt1 41 to 86 cm; Yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay, brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) mottles,
dark red (10R 3/6) mottles; moderate, medium, subangular blocky structure; firm,
moderately plastic, moderately sticky; gradual boundary; pH= 5.0.
Bt2 86 to 114 cm; Strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) clay, dark red (2.5YR 3/6) mottles,
olive yellow (2.5Y 6/8) mottles; weak, fine, subangular blocky; friable, moderately
plastic, moderately sticky; gradual boundary; pH= 5.0.
Bt3 114 to 152 cm; Reddish yellow (7.5YR 5/8) sandy clay, dark red (2.5YR 3/6)
mottles; weak, medium, granular; firm, moderately plastic, moderately sticky; pH=
5.0.
Range of Characteristics
The hue of the Ap horizon ranges from 2.5Y to 10YR, values range from 4 to 5, and
chroma ranges from 2 to 6. The texture is sandy loam. pH ranges from 5.0 to 5.5.
Where present, the hue of the E horizon ranges from 2.5Y to 10YR, values range
from 4 to 5, and chroma ranges from 2 to 4. The texture ranges from loamy sand to
sandy clay loam. pH is 5.0.
Where present, the hue of the BA horizon is 2.5YR with a value of 4 and chroma of
4, with depletions of hue 10YR, value 5, chroma 8. The texture was sandy clay. pH
is 5.0.
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Natalie Carmen Elizabeth Gillispie Colby Jones Lora Sigmon-Chatham


The hue of the Bt horizon ranges from 2.5YR to 10R, values range from 4 to 6, and
chroma ranges from 6 to 8. Mottles ranging from dark red to yellowish red are
common. Brownish yellow, to olive brown mottles are common. Uncommon dark
grey to white depletions. Texture is either sandy clay, sandy loam, clay, or sandy
clay loam. pH ranges from 4.5 to 5.0.
Where present, the hue of the BC horizon ranges from 5YR to 10YR, with values
ranging from 4 to 5, and chroma ranging from 6 to 8. Few dark grayish brown
depletions and red concentrations present. Texture is either sandy clay or sandy
loam. pH is 4.5.

Helena Series
The Helena series consists of very deep, moderately well drained, slowly permeable
soils that formed in residuum weathered from a mixture of felsic, intermediate, or
mafic igneous or high-grade metamorphic rocks, such as aplitic, granite, or granite
gneiss that is cut by dykes of gabbro and diorite, or mixed with hornblende schist or
hornblende gneiss. These soils are on broad ridges and toe slopes of the Piedmont
uplands. Slope ranges between 0 and 5 percent. In this type location, mean annual
precipitation is 45 inches and mean annual temperature is 60 degrees F.
Typical pedon of Helena sandy loam, 0-5% slopes, in a previously cultivated field
one mile south of the intersection between Tryon Rd. and Lake Wheeler Rd. in
Raleigh, NC.
A 0 to 36 cm; Olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) loamy sand; weak, medium, granular
structure; friable, nonplastic, nonsticky; clear boundary; pH= 5.5.
E 36 to 60 cm; Light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) loamy sand; weak, fine, subangular
blocky structure; friable, nonplastic, nonsticky; clear boundary; pH= 5.0.
Bt1 60 to 109 cm; Light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) sandy clay loam, olive brown (2.5 Y
4/3) mottles, few strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles; moderate, medium, subangular
blocky structure; friable, moderately plastic, slightly sticky; clear boundary; pH=
4.5.
Bt2 109 to 132 cm; Olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) sandy clay, brownish yellow (10YR 6/8);
weak, medium, subangular blocky; friable, moderately plastic, slightly sticky; clear
boundary; pH= 4.5.
C 132 to 152+ cm; Gray (2.5Y 6/1) sandy clay saprolite, red (10R 4/8)
concentrations, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) mottles; massive structure; very firm,
moderately plastic, moderately sticky; clear boundary; pH= 4.5.
Range of Characteristics

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The A or Ap horizon has a hue of 2.5Y, a value ranging from 4 to 5, and a chroma of
4. Texture is loamy sand. pH ranges from 5.0 to 5.5.
The E horizon where present has a hue of 2.5Y, a value of 5, and a chroma of 3. The
texture is loamy sand. pH is 5.0.
The hue of the Bt horizon ranges from 2.5Y to 10YR, values range from 5 to 6, and
the chroma is 6. Common olive brown, strong brown, and brownish yellow mottles.
The texture is either sandy clay or sandy clay loam. pH is 4.5.
The hue of the C horizon is 2.5Y, with a value of 6, and a chroma of 1. The texture is
sandy clay. pH is 4.5.

Cecil Series
The Cecil series consists of very deep, poorly drained moderately permeable soils
on ridges and side slopes of the Piedmont uplands. They are deep to saprolite and
very deep to bedrock. They formed in residuum weathered from felsic, igneous and
high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Piedmont uplands. Slopes range from 5 to 8
percent. Mean annual precipitation is 45 inches and mean annual temperature is 60
degrees F. near the type location.
Typical pedon of Cecil sandy clay loam, 5-8% slopes, in a previously cultivated field
one mile south of the intersection between Tryon Rd. and Lake Wheeler Rd. in
Raleigh, NC.
A 0 to 28 cm; Olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) sandy clay loam; weak, fine, granular
structure; friable, slightly plastic, nonsticky; clear boundary; pH= 5.5; some gravel
present.
Bt1 28 to 69 cm; Light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) clay, light red (2.5 YR 7/8) mottles,
many dark reddish gray (2.5 YR 4/1) depletions; moderate, medium, subangular
blocky; friable, moderately plastic, slightly sticky; clear boundary; pH= 5.0.
Bt2 69 to 127+ cm; Yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6)
mottles; weak, medium, subangular blocky structure; firm, moderately plastic,
slightly sticky; pH= 4.5; medium amount of gravel present.
Range of Characteristics
The A horizon has a hue of 2.5Y, a value of 4, and a chroma of 4. Texture is sandy
clay loam. pH is 5.5.
The Bt1 horizon has a hue of 2.5Y, a value of 5, and a chroma of 6. Light red
mottles are present, and dark reddish gray depletions are present. Texture is clay.
pH is 5.0.
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Natalie Carmen Elizabeth Gillispie Colby Jones Lora Sigmon-Chatham


The Bt2 horizon has a hue of 5YR, a value of 5, and a chroma of 6. Light olive brown
depletions present. Texture is clay. pH is 4.5.

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Natalie Carmen Elizabeth Gillispie Colby Jones Lora Sigmon-Chatham

Louisburg Series
The Louisburg Series consists of very deep, well drained, rapidly permeable soils
that formed in material weathered from felsic igneous and metamorphic rock,
primarily granite and granite gneiss. The Louisburg soils are on summits and side
slopes of the Piedmont uplands. Slope ranges from 2 to 5 percent. Near the type
location, the mean annual temperature is 60 degrees F, and the mean annual
precipitation is 45 inches.
Typical pedon of Louisburg loamy sand, 2-5% slopes, in a previously cultivated field
one mile south of the intersection between Tryon Rd. and Lake Wheeler Rd. in
Raleigh, NC.
Ap 0 to 20 cm; Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loamy sand; weak, fine, granular
structure; friable, nonplastic, nonsticky; abrupt boundary; pH= 5.0; few small roots
present.
Bt 20 to 92 cm; Dark red (2.5YR 3/6) sandy loam, olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) mottles;
moderate, medium, subangular blocky structure; firm, slightly plastic, slightly sticky;
abrupt boundary; pH= 4.5.
C 92+ cm; Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sand; fine, granular structure; loose,
nonplastic, nonsticky; pH= 4.5.
Range of Characteristics
The Ap horizon has a hue of 2.5Y, a value of 4, and a chroma of 3. The texture is
sandy loam. pH is 4.5.
The Bt horizon has a hue of 2.5YR, a value of 3, and a chroma of 6. Olive yellow
mottles are present. The texture is sandy loam. pH is 4.5.
The C horizon has a hue of 10YR, a value of 5, and a chroma of 6. The texture is
sand. pH is 4.5.

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Natalie Carmen Elizabeth Gillispie Colby Jones Lora Sigmon-Chatham

Radically Awesome Series


The Radically Awesome Series consists of deep, well drained, moderately permeable
soils. Radically Awesome soils can be found on side slopes and along ravine in the
Piedmont. Slope ranges from 8 to greater than 8 percent . Near the type location,
the mean annual temperature is 60 degrees F, and the mean annual precipitation is
45 inches.
Typical pedon of Radically Awesome sandy loam, 8-10% slopes, in ravine and along
edges of previously cultivated fields one mile south of the intersections between
Tryon Rd. and Lake Wheeler Rd. in Raleigh, NC.
Ap 0 to 20 cm; Olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) sandy loam; weak, medium, granular
structure; friable, plastic, sticky; abrupt boundary; pH= 4.5.
Bt1 20 to 46 cm; Olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) sandy clay; weak, medium, subangular
blocky structure; friable, moderately plastic, slightly sticky; clear boundary; pH=
4.5.
Bt2 46 to 135 cm; Olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) sandy clay, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6)
mottles; weak, medium, subangular blocky structure; firm, moderately plastic,
slightly sticky; clear boundary; pH= 5.0.
Bt3 135 to 152+ cm; Brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) clay, gray (10YR 6/1) depletions,
yellowish red (5YR 5/8) mottles; moderate, coarse, subangular blocky structure;
firm, moderately plastic, moderately sticky; pH= 5.0.
Range of Characteristics
The Ap horizon has a hue of 3.5Y, with a value of 4, and a chroma of 3. The texture
is sandy loam. pH is 4.5.
The Bt horizon has a hue ranging from 2.5Y to 10YR, with a value ranging from 4 to
6, and a chroma ranging from 4 to 8. The texture is either sandy clay or clay. pH
ranges from 4.5 to 5.0.

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Natalie Carmen Elizabeth Gillispie Colby Jones Lora Sigmon-Chatham

Map Unit Descriptions


AgA Appling gravelly sandy loam, 0 to 5 percent slopes.
This well drained soil is on an upland side slope of the Eastern Piedmont
located in Wake County, North Carolina on the North Carolina State University Lake
Wheeler Field Laboratory Mid Pines Field 2.
Typically, the surface layer is an olive brown sandy loam 41 cm thick with
common medium rock fragments (2 to 5 cm). The upper part of the subsoil to a
depth of 64 cm is yellowish brown sandy clay loam, while the lower part from a
depth of 64 to greater than 110 cm is yellowish red sandy clay loam. Strong red
mottles are present within the deeper layers.
Permeability is moderate and available water capacity is moderate (18.4
cm/hr). Reaction is very strongly acid throughout the profile, except at a depth of
64 cm or greater, where the reaction becomes extremely acid. Erosion potential is
slight where there might be row crop production. The seasonally high water table is
estimated to be greater than 120 cm. The soil has low activity clays, so shrink-swell
potential is low.
Vegetation consists of tilled row crops, mainly wheat. It could be used for
cultivation or pasture but also has the potential to harvest loblolly pine forests due
to acidic conditions and the presence of existing loblollies nearby. The soil would
also be suitable for most urban and recreational uses though gravel content could
be a limitation to consider.

AgB Appling gravelly sandy loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes.


This well drained soil is on an upland side slope of the Eastern Piedmont
located in Wake County, North Carolina on the North Carolina State University Lake
Wheeler Field Laboratory Mid Pines Field 2.
Typically, the surface layer is a dark yellowish brown sandy loam with
common medium rock fragments (2 to 5 cm). The upper part of the subsoil to a
depth of 56 cm is yellowish red clay, while the lower part from a depth of 56 to
greater than 140 cm is yellowish red clay. Dark yellowish brown mottles are present
within the middle layer.
Permeability is moderate and available water capacity is moderate (22.5
cm/hr). Reaction is very strongly acid throughout the profile, except at a depth of
56 cm or greater, where the reaction is extremely acid. Erosion potential is
moderate where there might be row crop production and higher slopes. The

19

Natalie Carmen Elizabeth Gillispie Colby Jones Lora Sigmon-Chatham


seasonally high water table is estimated to be greater than 140 cm. The soil has
low activity clays, so shrink-swell potential is low.
Vegetation consists of tilled row crops, mainly wheat. It could be used for
cultivation or pasture but also has the potential to harvest loblolly pine forests due
to acidic conditions and the presence of existing loblollies nearby. The soil would
also be suitable for most urban and recreational uses though gravel content and
erosion potential due to slope could be limitations to consider.

AsA Appling sandy loam, 0 to 5 percent slopes.


This well drained soil is on a foot slope of the Eastern Piedmont located in
Wake County, North Carolina on the North Carolina State University Lake Wheeler
Field Laboratory Mid Pines Field 2.
Typically, the surface layer is reddish brown sandy loam. The upper part of
the subsoil to a depth of 41 cm is strong brown sandy clay, while the layer from 41
to 86 cm is yellowish red clay. The lower portion of the middle of the subsoil is
strong brown clay. The middle layers tend to have dark red mottles. The bottom
layer is reddish yellow sandy clay with dark red mottles.
Permeability is moderate and available water capacity is slightly high (22.8
cm/hr). Reaction is strongly acid at the surface and becomes very strongly acid
throughout the rest of the profile. Erosion potential is slight where there might be
row crop production or pasture. The seasonally high water table is estimated to be
greater than 150 cm. The soil has low activity clays, so shrink-swell potential is low.
Vegetation consists of tilled row crops, mainly wheat. It could be used for
cultivation or pasture but also has the potential to harvest loblolly pine forests due
to acidic conditions and the presence of existing loblollies nearby. The soil might
also be suitable for most urban and recreational uses.

AsB Appling sandy loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes.


This well drained soil is on a ridge of the Eastern Piedmont located in Wake
County, North Carolina on the North Carolina State University Lake Wheeler Field
Laboratory Mid Pines Field 2.
Typically, the surface layer is reddish brown sandy loam. The upper part of
the subsoil to a depth of 60 cm is brown loamy sand, while the rest of the subsoil is
reddish yellow sandy clay and sandy clay loam at the bottom layer. Red mottles are
common through the middle layer.

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Natalie Carmen Elizabeth Gillispie Colby Jones Lora Sigmon-Chatham


Permeability is moderate and available water capacity is slightly high (22.8
cm/hr). Reaction is strongly acid at the surface and becomes very strongly acid
throughout the rest of the profile. Erosion potential is moderate where there might
be row crop production, pastures, and higher slopes. The seasonally high water
table is estimated to be greater than 150 cm. The soil has low activity clays, so
shrink-swell potential is low.
Vegetation consists of tilled row crops, mainly wheat. It could be used for
cultivation or pasture but also has the potential to harvest loblolly pine forests due
to acidic conditions and the presence of existing loblollies nearby. The soil might
also be suitable for most urban and recreational uses; however, erosion from land
use on slopes may pose as a limitation.
CeA Cecil sandy clay loam, 0 to 5 percent slopes.
This poorly drained soil is on a side slope landscape position with a west
aspect located in the Eastern Piedmont in Wake County, North Carolina on the North
Carolina State University Lake Wheeler Field Laboratory Mid Pines Field 2.
Typically, the surface layer is an olive brown sandy clay loam. The upper part
of the subsoil to a depth of 69 cm is light olive brown clay, while the lower part from
a depth of 69 to greater than 125 cm is yellowish red clay. Light red mottles are
present within the middle layer.
Permeability is moderate and available water capacity is moderate (22.5
cm/hr). Reaction is strongly acid at the surface, very strongly acid in the middle
layer, and extremely acid at the bottom layer. Erosion potential is slight. The
seasonally high water table is estimated to be at 28 cm. The soil has low activity
clays, so shrink-swell potential is low.
Some Cecil sandy clay loam inclusions are present that have 5 to 10 percent
slopes. Vegetation consists of tilled row crops, mainly wheat. It could be used for
cultivation or pasture but also has the potential to harvest loblolly pine forests due
to acidic conditions and the presence of existing loblollies nearby. The soil would
also be suitable for most urban and recreational uses.

HeA Helena loamy sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes.


This well drained soil is on a central south flat area located in the Eastern
Piedmont in Wake County, North Carolina on the North Carolina State University
Lake Wheeler Field Laboratory Mid Pines Field 2.
Typically, the surface layer is olive brown loamy sand to a depth of 29 cm.
The upper part of the subsoil to a depth of 50 cm is light olive brown loamy sand,

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Natalie Carmen Elizabeth Gillispie Colby Jones Lora Sigmon-Chatham


while the lower part from a depth of 50 cm to greater than 110 cm is yellowish
brown sandy clay. Rock fragments became common in the bottom layer (2 to 5 cm).
Permeability is high and available water capacity is moderate (17.5 cm/hr).
Reaction is very strongly acid throughout the profile, except at a depth of 50 cm or
greater, where the reaction is extremely acid. Erosion potential is slight where
there might be row crop or pastures. The seasonally high water table is estimated
to be greater than 120 cm. The soil has low activity clays, so shrink-swell potential
is low.
Vegetation consists of tilled row crops, mainly wheat. It could be used for
cultivation or pasture but also has the potential to harvest loblolly pine forests due
to acidic conditions and the presence of existing loblollies nearby. The soil would
also be suitable for most urban and recreational uses, where gravel content further
in the profile might become a limitation for some uses.

HeB Helena loamy sand, 5 to 10 percent slopes.


This somewhat excessively drained soil is on a toe slope located in the
Eastern Piedmont in Wake County, North Carolina on the North Carolina State
University Lake Wheeler Field Laboratory Mid Pines Field 2.
Typically, the surface layer is olive brown loamy sand to a depth of 36 cm.
The middle layers are light olive brown loamy sand and sandy clay loam, while the
lower portion of the middle layer is olive yellow sandy clay. The bottom layer
starting at a depth of 132 cm is gray sandy clay with red concentrations.
Permeability is high and available water capacity is moderate (16.5 cm/hr).
Reaction is strongly acid at the surface then the rest of the profile is very strongly
acid. Erosion potential is moderate where there might be row crop or pastures and
on higher slopes. The seasonally high water table is estimated to be greater than
130 cm. The soil has low activity clays, so shrink-swell potential is low.
Vegetation consists of tilled row crops, mainly wheat. It could be used for
cultivation or pasture but also has the potential to harvest loblolly pine forests due
to acidic conditions and the presence of existing loblollies nearby. The soil would
also be suitable for most urban and recreational uses yet erodibility might be a
limitation to consider.

HeC Helena loamy sand, > 10 percent slopes.

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Natalie Carmen Elizabeth Gillispie Colby Jones Lora Sigmon-Chatham


This somewhat excessively drained soil is on a toe slope located in the
Eastern Piedmont in Wake County, North Carolina on the North Carolina State
University Lake Wheeler Field Laboratory Mid Pines Field 2.
Typically, the surface layer is olive brown loamy sand to a depth of 36 cm.
The middle layers are light olive brown loamy sand and sandy clay loam, while the
lower portion of the middle layer is olive yellow sandy clay. The bottom layer
starting at a depth of 132 cm is gray sandy clay with red concentrations.
Permeability is high and available water capacity is moderate (16.5 cm/hr).
Reaction is strongly acid at the surface then the rest of the profile is very strongly
acid. Erosion potential is moderate where there might be row crop or pastures and
on higher slopes. The seasonally high water table is estimated to be greater than
130 cm. The soil has low activity clays, so shrink-swell potential is low.
Vegetation consists of tilled row crops, mainly wheat. It could be used for
cultivation or pasture but also has the potential to harvest loblolly pine forests due
to acidic conditions and the presence of existing loblollies nearby. The soil would
also be suitable for most urban and recreational uses erosion may be a limitation to
some land uses due to higher slope values.
LuA Louisburg loamy sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes.
This well drained soil is on a southeast corner of the top of a slope located in
the Eastern Piedmont in Wake County, North Carolina on the North Carolina State
University Lake Wheeler Field Laboratory Mid Pines Field 2.
Typically, the surface layer is dark yellowish brown loamy sand to a depth of
20 cm, while the lower part starting at a depth of 92 cm is yellowish brown sand.
The middle part is dark red sandy loam.
Permeability is high and available water capacity is low (14.7 cm/hr).
Reaction is very strongly acid for the first layer then becomes very strongly acid for
the rest of the profile. Erosion potential is slight where there might be pasture or
row crops. The seasonally high water table is estimated to be greater than 120 cm.
The soil has low activity clays, so shrink-swell potential is low.
Vegetation consists of tilled row crops, mainly wheat. It could be used for
cultivation or pasture but also has the potential to harvest loblolly pine forests due
to acidic conditions and the presence of existing loblollies nearby. The soil would
also be suitable for most urban and recreational uses.

RaC Radically Awesome sandy loam, > 10 percent slopes.

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Natalie Carmen Elizabeth Gillispie Colby Jones Lora Sigmon-Chatham


This well drained soil is located within a depression from a previously existing
tree line in the Eastern Piedmont of Wake County, North Carolina on the North
Carolina State University Lake Wheeler Field Laboratory Mid Pines Field 2.
Typically, the surface layer is olive brown sandy loam to a depth of 20 cm,
while the lower part starting at a depth of 135 cm is brownish yellow clay. The
middle part is olive brown sandy clay.
Permeability is moderate and available water capacity is moderate (22.5
cm/hr). Reaction is extremely acid for the first two layers then becomes very
strongly acid for the rest of the profile. Erosion potential is moderate. The
seasonally high water table is estimated to be greater than 150 cm. The soil has
low activity clays, so shrink-swell potential is low.
Vegetation consists of tilled row crops, mainly wheat. It could be used for
cultivation or pasture but also has the potential to harvest loblolly pine forests due
to acidic conditions and the presence of existing loblollies nearby. The soil would
also be suitable for most urban and recreational uses but might have erosion as a
limitation for some land uses due to higher slope values.

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Natalie Carmen Elizabeth Gillispie Colby Jones Lora Sigmon-Chatham

Taxonomic Names
Appling; Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludult
Ultisol: Contains a kandic horizon and has an assumed base saturation of below
35% at a depth of
180 cm.
Udult: Contained in the Udic moisture regime.
Kanhapludult: Does not meet the requirements for any other great groups. Has a
thin kandic horizon.
Typic Kanhapludult: Lacks any special feature but is typical of a Kanhapludult.
Fine: The control section averages between 35-60% clay sized particles.
Kaolinitic: More than 50% (by weight) kaolinite and less than 10% smectite in the
<0.002mm fraction
Thermic: Mean annual soil temperature at a depth of 50cm is between 15 C and
22 C.
Appling: Have a dominant hue of 7.5YR or yellower. Is very deep, well drained, and
moderately permeable. Found on ridges and side slopes of the Piedmont
uplands and is deep to saprolite. Formed in residuum weathered from felsic
igneous and metamorphic rocks of the Piedmont uplands.

Helena; Fine, mixed, semiactive, thermic Aquic Hapludult


Ultisol: Contains an argillic horizon and has an assumed base saturation of below
35% at a depth of
180 cm.
Udult: Contained in the Udic moisture regime.
Hapludult: Does not meet the requirements for any other great group.
Aquic Hapludult: Contains within the upper 60cm of the argillic horizon redox
depletions with a moist color value of 4 or more and chroma of 2 or less.
Aquic conditions and redox concentrations present for some time in normal
years.
Fine: The control section averages between 35-60% clay sized particles.
Mixed: The coarse silt and sand fraction does not contain >40% mica nor >90%
resistant minerals but has a variety of minerals including weatherable
minerals.
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Natalie Carmen Elizabeth Gillispie Colby Jones Lora Sigmon-Chatham


Semiactive: The ratio of the cation exchange capacity to the percent clay is
between 0.24 and 0.4
Thermic: Mean annual soil temperature at a depth of 50cm is between 15 C and
22 C.
Helena: Is very deep, moderately well drained, and slowly permeable. Found on
broad ridges and toe slopes of the Piedmont uplands. Formed in residuum
weathered from a mixture of felsic, intermediate, or mafic igneous or highgrade metamorphic rocks.

Cecil; Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludult


Ultisol: Contains a kandic horizon and has an assumed base saturation of below
35% at a depth of
180 cm.
Udult: Contained in the Udic moisture regime.
Kanhapludult: Does not meet the requirements for any other great groups. Has a
thin kandic horizon.
Typic Kanhapludult: Lacks any special feature but is typical of a Kanhapludult.
Fine: The control section averages between 35-60% clay sized particles.
Kaolinitic: More than 50% (by weight) kaolinite and less than 10% smectite in the
<0.002mm fraction.
Thermic: Mean annual soil temperature at a depth of 50cm is between 15 C and
22 C
Cecil: Have a dominant hue of 5YR or redder. Is very deep, well drained, and
moderately permeable. Found on ridges and side slopes of the Piedmont
uplands. Is deep to saprolite. Formed in residuum weathered from felsic,
igneous, and high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Piedmont uplands.

Louisburg; Coarse-loamy, mixed, semiactive, thermic Typic


Hapludult
Ultisol: Contains an argillic horizon and has an assumed base saturation of below
35% at a depth of
180 cm.
Udult: Contained in the Udic moisture regime.
Hapludult: Does not meet the requirements for any other great group.
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Natalie Carmen Elizabeth Gillispie Colby Jones Lora Sigmon-Chatham


Typic Hapludult: Lacks any special feature but is typical of a Hapludult.
Coarse-loamy: The control section averages <18% clay and >15% sand sized
particles.
Mixed: The coarse silt and sand fraction does not contain >40% mica nor >90%
resistant minerals but has a variety of minerals including weatherable
minerals.
Semiactive: The ratio of the cation exchange capacity to the percent clay is
between 0.24 and 0.4
Thermic: Mean annual soil temperature at a depth of 50cm is between 15 C and
22 C.
Louisburg: Is underlain by saprolite at 20-40 inches in depth. Is very deep, well
drained, and rapidly permeable. Found on summits and side slopes of the
Piedmont uplands. Formed in material weathered from felsic, igneous, and
metamorphic rock, primarily granite and granite gneiss.

Radically Awesome Series; Fine, thermic Typic Kanhapludult


Ultisol: Contains a kandic horizon and has an assumed base saturation of below
35% at a depth of
180 cm.
Udult: Contained in the Udic moisture regime.
Kanhapludult: Does not meet the requirements for any other great groups. Has a
thin kandic horizon.
Typic Kanhapludult: Lacks any special feature but is typical of a Kanhapludult.
Fine: The control section averages between 35-60% clay sized particles.
Thermic: Mean annual soil temperature at a depth of 50cm is between 15 C and
22 C.
Radically Awesome Series: Have a dominant hue of 2.5Y or yellower. Found on
the side slopes and along ravines in the Piedmont.

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Natalie Carmen Elizabeth Gillispie Colby Jones Lora Sigmon-Chatham

Septic System Evaluation


All of the following are based on Rule 15A NCAC 18A .1947 of the North Carolina
Administrative Code under Chapter 10, published by The Department of Human
Resources, and are as follows: All of the criteria in Rules .1939 through 19.46 of
Section .1900 shall be determined to be Suitable, Provisionally Suitable, or
Unsuitable, as indicated.
Appling Series
Both the site and the soil were found to be suitable under Rule 15A NCAC 18A
.1947. The subsoil, being of a clay texture, is a Group IV soil, or one having a 0.1-0.4
gal/ft2/d long term acceptance rate (LTAR). We used the average group IV LTAR of
0.25 gal/ft2/d. On this soil, a 3-bedroom home at an average daily effluent flow of
360 gallons (120/bedroom) would require 1440 ft2 of trench bottom. Having a trench
bottom with a 3 ft width would call for 480 ft of one pipe. The decision was made to
consolidate the septic system by having three 3 ft-wide trenches each at 160 ft in
length. Taking into consideration that they are 9ft off-center, the dimensions of the
drain field, without the required repair system in case of failures, would be 21 ft by
160 ft. This drain field area is 3360 ft2, and with a repair system would be 6720ft2.
Helena Series
Both the site and the soil were found to be suitable under Rule 15A NCAC 18A
.1947. The subsoil, being of sandy clay loam texture, is a Group III soil, or one
having a 0.3-0.6 gal/ft2/d LTAR. We used the average group III LTAR of 0.45 gal/ft 2/d.
On this soil a 3-bedroom home, at an average daily effluent flow of 120 gallons per
bedroom, would require 800 ft2 of trench bottom. Three 3 ft-wide trenches would
stretch 89 ft apiece in order to meet this 800 ft 2 demand. Given the 9 ft spacing
between trench centers, the drain field area would be 21 ft by 89 ft, or 1869 ft 2.
With the repair system required by section .1900 the total drain field area, for initial
and repair, would come to 3738 ft2.
Cecil Series
Both the site and the soil were found to be suitable under Rule 15A NCAC 18A
.1947. The subsoil, being of clay texture, is a group IV soil, or one having a 0.1-0.4
gal/ft2/d LTAR. We used the average group IV LTAR of 0.25 gal/ft 2/d. On this soil, a 3bedroom home at an average daily effluent flow of 360 gallons would require 1440
ft2 of trench bottom. Three 3ft-wide trenches would each have to be 160 ft in length.
Given the 9 ft-off-center spacing between trench bottom centers, the drain field
would have an area of 21 ft by 160 ft (3360 ft2). If the required repair system was

28

Natalie Carmen Elizabeth Gillispie Colby Jones Lora Sigmon-Chatham


added to this initial system, then the combined system would require approximately
6720 ft2.

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Natalie Carmen Elizabeth Gillispie Colby Jones Lora Sigmon-Chatham


Louisburg Series
Both the site and the soil were found to be suitable under Rule 15A NCAC 18A
.1947. The subsoil, being of a sandy loam texture, is a group II soil, or one having a
0.6-0.8 gal/ft2/LTAR. For our calculations we used the average group II LTAR of .7
gal/ft2/d. A typical 3-bedroom home producing an average amount of effluent would
discharge 360 gallons per day. To properly treat this quantity of effluent, 515 ft 2 of
trench bottom would be required. Three 3 ft-wide trenches would each have a
length of 58 ft each. Three 58-ft trenches, each 3 ft wide and 9 ft off-center, would
cover an area of 21 ft by 58ft (1218 ft2). With the repair system installed as well, the
two total drain fields would cover an area of 2436 ft 2.
Radically Awesome Series
Both the site and the soil were found to be suitable under Rule 15A NCAC 18A
.1947. The subsoil, being of a sandy clay texture, is a group IV soil, or one having a
0.1-0.4 gal/ft2/d LTAR. For our calculations we used the average group IV LTAR of
0.25 gal/ft2/d. The standard 3-bedroom house, producing 360 gallons of effluent a
day, would require 1440 ft2 of trench bottom in order to properly treat its waste. In
order to make this more feasible, three trenches, each with a 3ft width, will be used
together. A trench with a 3ft width would be 480ft long, but with three trenches,
each would only have to be 160 ft in length. The area of the drain field of the initial
septic system would be 160 ft by 21 ft in length, given the 9 ft-off-center spacing.
This comes to a drain field area of 3360 ft2. With a repair the drain field would take
up twice as much space, 6720 ft2.

Total Drain Field Area (ft2)

Series Name

Trench Bottom Area


(ft2)

Without Repair

With Repair

Appling
Helena
Cecil
Louisburg
Radically Awesome

1440
800
1440
515
1440

3360
1869
3360
1218
3360

6720
3738
6720
2436
6720

30

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