PAVEMENT DESIGN

AND ANALYSIS
(CE-860)
LEC-16

Fall Semester 2015

Dr. Arshad Hussain
arshad_nit@yahoo.com , Office Room#111,Tel: 05190854163,
Cell: 03419756251
National Institute of Transportation (NIT)
School of Civil & Environmental Engineering (SCEE)
National University of Science and Technology (NUST)

NUST Campus, Sector H-12, Islamabad

FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DESIGN

Asphalt Institute Method

ASPHALT INSTITUTE METHOD

Empirical
Distress

Mechanistic Method.

Models

Fatigue cracking
Permanent deformation or rutting
Traffic Analysis

Determination of ESALS

ASPHALT INSTITUTE METHOD

Material

Properties.

Resilient modulus for subgrade and granular layers

Dynamic modulus for asphaltic layers

Environmental

Effects

Monthly temperature changes..freezing and thawing

For

any given material and environmental

conditions, two thicknesses were obtained, one by
each criteria and the larger of the two was used to
prepare the design charts.

AI FATIGUE CRACKING MODEL

Fatigue

Nf

Cracking Model

= No. of cumulative standard axles to produce

20 % cracked surface area

t

= Tensile strain at the bottom of asphaltic layer

= Elastic modulus of asphaltic surface (psi)

AI RUTTING FAILURE MODEL

Rutting

NR

Model

= No. of cumulative standard axles to produce

12.7mm rutting
c= Vertical

subgrade strain

DETERMINATION OF ESAL
Estimate

the number of vehicles of different

types, such as cars, single unit trucks and
multiple unit trucks expected on the
proposed pavement.

Determine

the number of each type of truck

on the design lane during the first year of
traffic. The design lane may be either lane of
the design facility.

DETERMINATION OF ESAL
Determine

a truck factor for each vehicle

type. Truck factor is defined as the number

of 18 kip axle load applications contributed
by one passage of a truck.
For

the given period, select from Table 6.13,

a single growth factor for all trucks or

separate for each truck type, as appropriate.

TRUCK FACTOR

GROWTH FACTOR

DETERMINATION OF ESAL
Multiply

the number of trucks of each type

by the truck factor and the growth factor

and sum the values determined to obtain
the design ESAL.

EXAMPLE 11.3

SIMPLIFIED WAY FOR ESAL

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

DESIGN CHARTS FOR FULL DEPTH

HMA Figure 11.1

DESIGN CHARTS FOR TYPE 1 EMULSIFIED

ASPHALT MIX
Figure 11.2

DESIGN CHARTS FOR TYPE II EMULSIFIED

ASPHALT MIX
Figure 11.3

DESIGN CHARTS FOR TYPE III EMULSIFIED

ASPHALT MIX
Figure 11.4

MINIMUM THICKNESS OF HMA OVER

EMUSIFIED ASPHALT BASES
Table 11.12

DESIGN CHARTS FOR HMA WITH 4 INCHES

UNTREATED AGGREGATE BASE
Figure 11.14

DESIGN CHARTS FOR HMA WITH 6 INCHES

UNTREATED AGGREGATE BASE
Figure 11.16

DESIGN CHARTS FOR HMA WITH 8 INCHES

UNTREATED AGGREGATE BASE
Figure 11.17

DESIGN CHARTS FOR HMA WITH 10 INCHES

UNTREATED AGGREGATE BASE
Figure 11.18

DESIGN CHARTS FOR HMA WITH 12 INCHES

UNTREATED AGGREGATE BASE
Figure 11.19

DESIGN CHARTS FOR HMA WITH 18 INCHES

UNTREATED AGGREGATE BASE
Figure 11.20

EXAMPLE 11.5
Given

MR = 10,000 psi, ESAL = 106,

determine the thickness of HMA for a

full-depth asphalt pavement?

EXAMPLE 11.6
Given

MR = 10,000 psi, ESAL = 106,

determine the thickness of HMA

surface over a type II emulsified

asphalt base?

EXAMPLE 11.7
Given

MR = 10,000 psi, ESAL = 106,

and an 8 inch untreated aggregate

base, determine the thickness of HMA

required?

COMPARISON
Example

11.5

Thickness 8.5 inches

Example

11.6

Thickness 10.5 inches

Example

11.7

Thickness 6.5 inches

EXAMPLE 11.8
Given

MR = 10,000 psi, ESAL = 106, and

an 8 inch untreated aggregate base,

design the thicknesses of HMA surface

and type II emulsified asphalt base

course.

PLANNED STAGE CONSTRUCTION

What is the need?
Lack

of Funds

Uncertainty
Detection

in estimating traffic

of weak spots that develop in

the first stage.

PLANNED STAGE CONSTRUCTION

n1

= Design (Actual) ESAL for stage 1

N1

= Allowable ESAL for stage 1

Then
A

damage ratio Dr = n1 /N1

damage ratio of much less than 1 (e.g. 0.6 ) is

chosen for the first stage, so that pavement has

remaining life of 1- Dr at the end of stage 1.

Determine the thickness h1 based on N1 = n1/ Dr

PLANNED STAGE CONSTRUCTION

n2

= Design (Actual) ESAL for stage 2

N2

= Allowable or adjusted ESAL for stage 2

The

damage incurred in stage 2 should not

exceed the remaining life i.e. ratio 1- Dr = n2 /N2

or N2 = n2 / (1-Dr)
Determine
The

the thickness h2 based on N2

difference between h2 and h1 is the additional

thickness needed for stage 2

EXAMPLE 11.9
A

full-depth HMA pavement with a subgrade

resilient modulus of 10,000 psi will be
constructed in two stages. The first stage is 5
years with 150,000 ESAL and the second stage
is 15 years with 850,000 ESAL. Limiting the
damage ratio to 0.6 at the end of stage 1,
determine the thickness of HMA requires for
the first 5 years and the thickness of overlay
required to accommodate the additional traffic
expected during the next 15 years.