Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
22 MIMO channel
In a 22 MIMO channel, probable usage of the available 2
transmit antennas can be as follows:
1. Consider that we have a transmission sequence, for
example
in the
and so on.
and
and
and so on.
4. Notice that as we are grouping two symbols and sending
them in one time slot, we need only
time slots to
complete the transmission data rate is doubled !
5. This forms the simple explanation of a probable MIMO
transmission scheme with 2 transmit antennas and 2
receive antennas.
Having said this, some of you will wonder the two
transmitted symbols interfered with each other. Can we ever
Other Assumptions
1. The channel is flat fading In simple terms, it means that
the multipath channel has only one tap. So, the convolution
operation reduces to a simple multiplication. For a more
rigorous discussion on flat fading and frequency selective
fading, may I urge you to review Chapter 15.3 Signal TimeSpreading from [DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS: SKLAR]
2. The channel experience by each transmit antenna is
independent from the channel experienced by other
transmit antennas.
3. For the
transmit antenna to
receive antenna,
has the
7. The channel
and
where
,
transmit antenna to
transmit antenna to
receive antenna,
is the channel from
transmit antenna to
receive antenna,
is the channel from
transmit antenna to
receive antenna,
,
is the noise on
receive antennas.
and
and
unknown s are
and
,
. The
To solve for
matrix
are not
Simulation Model
The Matlab/Octave script performs the following
(a) Generate random binary sequence of +1s and -1s.
(b) Group them into pair of two symbols and send two
symbols in one time slot
(c) Multiply the symbols with the channel and then add
white Gaussian noise.
(d) Equalize the received symbols
(e) Perform hard decision decoding and count the bit errors
(f) Repeat for multiple values of
Summary
1. As expected, the simulated results with a 22 MIMO
system using BPSK modulation in Rayleigh channel is
showing matching results as obtained in for a 11 system
for BPSK modulation in Rayleigh channel.
2. As noted in Section 3.3 of [WIRELESS-TSE,
VISWANATH] , the Zero Forcing equalizer is not the best
possible way to equalize the received symbol. The zero
forcing equalizer helps us to achieve the data rate gain, but
NOT take advantage of diversity gain (as we have two
receive antennas).
3. We might not be able to achieve the two fold data rate
improvement in all channel conditions. It can so happen that
channels are correlated (the coefficients are almost the
same). Hence we might not be able to solve for the two
unknown transmitted symbols even if we have two received
symbols.
4. It is claimed that there can be receiver structures which
enables us to have both diversity gain and data rate gain. In
future posts, the attempt will be to discuss receiver
structures which hopefully enables us to find out
approaches which will help us to keep the data rate gain,
but still move from the 11 curve to 12 MRC curve.
References
[DIG-COMM-BARRY-LEE-MESSERSCHMITT] Digital
Communication: Third Edition, by John R. Barry, Edward A.
Lee, David G. Messerschmitt
[WIRELESS-TSE, VISWANATH] Fundamentals of
Wireless Communication, David Tse, Pramod Viswanath