Photo Copy Avinash

A study on photo copier machine in Ghazipur
SURVEY PROJECT REPORT

Submitted to
Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur

In partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Submitted ByAvinash Dubey

BBA IV Semester
Roll No. -5460037
Under the Supervision of:

Mr. Karunendra Pratap Singh
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Business Administration
2014
Technical Education & Research Institute,

Post-Graduate College, Ravindrapuri
Ghazipur (U.P.) Pin-233001
Certificate
This is to certify that Avinash Dudey pursuing BBA 4thSemester from this Institute
has prepared the Research project report entitled A study on photo copier
machine in Ghazipur in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of
Bachelor of Business Administration from V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur,
for the session of 2013-14.
This report is based on bona fide research undertaken by Avinash Dudey under my
supervision during the course of fourth semester and fulfills the requirements of
regulations relating to the nature and standard of B.B.A. course of V.B.S.
Purvanchal University.
I recommend that this research project report may be sent for evaluation.
Rahul Anand Singh
Karunendra Pratap Singh
Associate Professor & Head,
Assistant Professor,
Declaration
I, Avinash Dubey hereby declare that this survey project report entitled A
study on photo copier machine in Ghazipur has been prepared by me on the
basis of survey done during the course of my fourth semester of BBA programme
under
the
supervision
of
Mr.
Karunendra
Pratap
Singh,
(Assistant
Professor)department of business administration T E R I, Ghazipur.

This survey project report is my work and has not been submitted in any
university or Institute for the award of any degree or diploma prior to the under
mentioned date. I bear the entire responsibility of submission of this project report.
30th May 2014
Avinash Dubey
BBA IV Semester
Department of Business Administration
Technical Education & Research Institute
P.G. College Ghazipur
Index of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgement
CHAPTER -1
Introduction to the topic
Objective
Importance
Scope
CHAPTER-2
Research Methodology
CHAPTER-3
Data Analysis & Interpretation
CHAPTER-4
Finding
Recommendations
CHAPTER-5
Conclusion
Limitation
Annexure ( Questionnaires )
Bibliography
PREFACE
The first real insight of an organization for management student comes only during his
preparation of project work because student first interacts with real practical work. This is first
introduction to industry and its working. This project work synthesize the theoretical concept
learn in the class room and its practical orientation in organization.
In my project I have studied the A study on photo copier machine in Ghazipur.
The First chapter deals with the introduction of the topic, it also describes the profile and
history of Photo copier machine.
In first chapter I have mentioned institute. This chapter also describes the organizational
structure of both the organization. The objective and need of research is also mentioned in
section of project work.
The Second chapter deals with research methodology. The process of carrying out the
whole research problem is defined in it. It contains information about the objectives of the
research, methods of data collection, sampling and sample design.
Third chapter is data analysis and interpretation. This is the most important section of the
project work. This section contains the analysis of all the data collected so far and they are
interpreted to produce the final conclusion. It contains all the tables and charts which depicts the
result.
Chapter four contains the finding and recommendation of the research. This is based on
the data analyzed and interpreted in the previous chapter. This is the most important section of
the research report for a report is evaluated on the validity ad correctness of findings.
Chapter five depicted conclusion which concludes the whole report, that is, gives a brief
description of the process employed so far. And later chapters contain bibliography. Which
describes the list of sources from where the matter and information is collected? It contains the
list of books, authors, web sites use etc.
Avinash Dubey
B.B.A. IV Sem.
Acknowledgement
Many thanks to the God, who has sent me on this earth and by mercy of him, I would be
able to accomplish this research.
A person who has always encouraged me towards positive and used to say Nothing can
be impossible if you are working hard with heart and soul. The Word regard is very small
for him and I dont know what word will be appropriate for him, that person is my elder Brother
Mr. Amit Dubey
I express my deep sense of gratitude and regards to Mr. Karunendra Pratap Singh
(Lecturer, Dept. of management studies, T.E.R.I., P.G. College affiliated to Veer Bahadur
Singh Purvanchal University) under whose guidance I completed this project, I am thankful to
her valuable guidance, gentle encouragement and pains she took in guiding me throughout the
study.
Some of my Friend, Aditya and Gopal whose suggestion for what is Right or Wrong
has shown my aim and objectives of life.
Again, I heartily express my regard to all the above person mentioned and pray to the
God May live them long.
Avinash Dubey
BBA 4th Sem.
Chapter -1
Introduction
Introduction
A photocopier (or copier) is a machine that makes paper copies of documents and other visual
images quickly and cheaply. Most current photocopiers use a technology called xerography, a dry
process using heat. (Xerographic office photocopying was introduced by Xerox, in the 1960s,
and over the following 20 years it gradually replaced copies made by Verifax, Photostat, carbon
copy mimeograph machines, and other duplicating machine. The prevalence of its use is one of
the factors that prevented the development of the paperless office heralded early in the digital
revolution Photocopying is widely used in business, education, and government. There have been
many predictions that photocopiers will eventually become obsolete as information workers
continue to increase their digital document creation and distribution, and rely less on distributing
actual pieces of paper. In 1937, Bulgarian physicist Georgi Nadjakov found that, when placed
into an electric field and exposed to light, some dielectrics acquire permanent electric
polarization in the exposed areas. That polarization persists in the dark and is destroyed in light.
Chester, the inventor of photocopying, was originally a patent attorney, as well as a part-time
researcher and inventor.
His job at the patent office in New York required him to make a large number of copies of
important papers. Carlson, who was arthritic, found this to be a painful and tedious process. This
motivated him to conduct experiments with photoconductivity. Carlson used his kitchen for his
"electro photography" experiments, and, in 1938, he applied for a patent for the process. He
made the first photocopy using a zinc plate covered with sulfur. The words "10-22-38 Astoria"
were written on a microscope slide, which was placed on top of more sulfur and under a bright
light. After the slide was removed, a mirror image of the words remained. Carlson tried to sell his
invention to some companies, but failed because the process was still underdeveloped. At the
time, multiple copies were most commonly made at the point of document origination, using
carbon paper or manual duplicating machines, and people did not see the need for an electronic
machine. Between 1939 and 1944, Carlson was turned down by over 20 companies, including
IBM and General Electricneither of which believed there was a significant market for copiers.
In 1944, the Battelle Memorial Institute, a non-profit organization in Columbus, Ohio, contracted
with Carlson to refine his new process. Over the next five years, the institute conducted
experiments to improve the process of electro photography.
In 1947, Haloid Corporation (a small New York-based manufacturer and seller of photographic
paper) approached Battelle to obtain a license to develop and market a copying machine based
on this technology. Haloid felt that the word "electro photography" was too complicated and did
not have good recall value. After consulting a professor of classical language at Ohio State
University, Haloid and Carlson changed the name of the process to "Xerography," which was
derived from Greek words that meant "dry writing." Haloid called the new copier machines
"Xerox Machines" and, in 1948, the word "Xerox" was trademarked. Haloid eventually changed
its name to Xerox Corporation. In 1949, Xerox Corporation introduced the first xerographic
copier called the Model A. Xerox became so successful that, in North America, photocopying
came to be popularly known as "xeroxing." Xerox has actively fought to prevent "Xerox" from
becoming a genericized trademark. While the word "Xerox" has appeared in some dictionaries as
a synonym for photocopying, Xerox Corporation typically requests that such entries be modified,
and that people not use the term "Xerox" in this way. Some languages include hybrid terms, such
as the widely used Polish term kserokopia ("xerocopy"), even though relatively few photocopiers
are of the Xerox brand.In the early 1950s, Radio Corporation of America (RCA) introduced a
variation on the process called Electrofax, whereby images are formed directly on specially
coated paper and rendered with a toner dispersed in a liquid. During the 1960s and through the
1980s, Savin Corporation developed and sold a line of liquid-toner copiers that implemented a
technology based on patents held by the company.
Prior to the widespread adoption of xerographic copiers, photo-direct copies produced by
machines such as Kodak's Verifax were used. A primary obstacle associated with the prexerographic copying technologies was the high cost of supplies: a Verifax print required supplies
costing USD $0.15 in 1969, while a Xerox print could be made for USD $0.03 including paper
and labor. At that time, Thermo fax photocopying machines in libraries could make letter-sized
copies for USD $0.25 or more (at a time when the minimum wage for a US worker was USD
$1.65).There are many brnads of photocopier machines available in market, but Xerox is leadinf
brand in photocopier market.
COMPANY OVERVIEW
Address:
800LongRidgeRoad
Stamford, Connecticut06904
U.S.A.
Telephone: (203) 968-3000
Toll Free: 800-828-6396
Fax: (203) 968-4312
http://www.xerox.com
Statistics:
Public Company
Incorporated: 1906 as The Haloid Company
Employees: 91,400
Sales: $18.17 billion (1997)
Revenue: US$17.2 billion(2007)
Stock Exchanges: New York Midwest Boston Cincinnati Pacific Philadelphia London Basel
Berne Geneva Lausanne Zrich.
Ticker Symbol: XRX
C.E.O. - Anne M. Mulcahy
SICs: 3577 Computer Peripheral Equipment, Not Elsewhere Classified; 3579 Office Machines,
Not Elsewhere Classified; 5044 Office Equipment; 7374 Computer Processing & Data
Preparation Services; 7375 Information Retrieval Services; 7379 Computer Related Services,
Not Elsewhere Classified. Xerox Corporation (NYSE: XRX; name pronounced /zirks/) is a
global document management company which manufactures and sells a range of color and
black-and-white printers, multifunction systems, photo copiers, digital production printing

presses, and related consulting services and supplies. Xerox is headquartered in Norwalk,
Connecticut (moved from Stamford, Connecticut in October 2007), though its largest population
of employees is based in and around Rochester, New York, the area in which the company was
founded.
History
The Xerox 914 was the first one-piece plain paper photocopier, and sold in the thousands. Xerox
was founded in 1906 in Rochester, New York as "The Haloid Company", which originally
manufactured photographic paper and equipment. The company subsequently changed its name
to "Haloid Xerox" in 1958 and then simply "Xerox" in 1961. The company came to prominence
in 1959 with the introduction of the Xerox 914, the first plain paper photocopier using the
process of xerography developed by Chester Carlson. The 914 was so popular that by the end of
1961, Xerox had almost $60 million in revenue. By 1965, revenues leaped to over $500 million.
Before releasing the 914, Xerox had also introduced the first xerographic printer, the "Copyflo"
in 1955. The company expanded substantially throughout the 1960s, making millionaires of
some long-suffering investors who had nursed the company through the slow research and
development phase of the product. In 1960, the "Wilson Center for Research and Technology"
was opened in Webster, New York, a research facility for xerography. Then in 1961, the company
changed its name to "Xerox Corporation". Xerox common stock (XRX) was listed on the New
York Stock Exchange in 1961 and on the Chicago Stock Exchange in 1990. In 1963, Xerox
introduced the Xerox 813, the first desktop plain-paper copier, bringing Carlson's vision of a
copier that could fit on anyone's office desk into a reality. Ten years later in 1973, a color copier
followed.
In 1969, Xerox acquired Scientific Data Systems [SDS], and produced the Sigma line of 32-bit
mainframe computers in the 1960s and 1970s. The laser printer was invented in 1969 by Xerox
researcher Gary Starkweather by modifying a Xerox copier. This development resulted in the
first commercially available laser printer, the Xerox 9700, being launched in 1977. Laser printing
eventually became a multi billion dollar business for Xerox. Archie McCardell was named
president of the company in 1971. During his tenure, Xerox introduced its first color copier.
During McCardell's reign at Xerox, the company announced record revenues, earnings and
profits in 1973, 1974, and 1975. John Carrol became a backer, later spreading the company
throughout North America. Following these years of record profits, in 1975 Xerox resolved an
anti-trust suit with the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), which at the time was under the
direction of Frederic M. Scherer. The Xerox consent decree resulted in the forced licensing of the
company sentire patent portfolio, mainly to Japanese competitors. This action marked the start
of an activist approach to managing competition by the FTC and U.S. Department of Justice
(DOJ). It resulted in the forced licensing of tens of thousands of patent from some of America's
leading companies, including IBM, AT&T, DuPont, Bausch & Lomb, and Eastman Kodak.
Within four years of the consent decree, Xerox's share of the U.S. copier market dropped from
nearly 100% to less than 14%. Between 1950 and 1980 Japanese companies consummated more
than 35,000 foreign licensing agreements, mostly with U.S. companies, for free or low-cost
licenses made possible by the FTC and DOJ.
In 1970, under company president Charles Peter McColough, Xerox opened the Xerox PARC
(Xerox Palo Alto Research Center) research facility. The facility developed many modern
computing technologies such as the mouse and the graphical user interface (GUI). From these
inventions, Xerox PARC created the Xerox Alto in 1973, a small minicomputer similar to a
modern workstation or personal computer. This machine can be considered the first true personal
computer, given its versatile combination of a cathode-ray-type screen, mouse-type pointing
device, and a QWERTY-type alphanumeric keyboard. But the Alto was never commercially sold,
as Xerox itself could not see the sales potential of it. In 1979, several Apple Computer
employees, including Steve Jobs, visited Xerox PARC, interested in seeing their developments.
Jobs and the others saw the commercial potential of the GUI and mouse, and redirected
development of the Apple Lisa to incorporate these technologies. In 1980, Steven Jobs invited
several key PARC's researchers to join his company in order that they would be able to fully
develop and implement their ideas.
The Xerox Alto workstation was developed at Xerox PARC. Xerox later released a similar
system to the Alto, the Xerox Star in 1981 as a workstation. It was the first commercial system to
incorporate various technologies that today have become commonplace in personal computers,
including a bit-mapped display, a window-based GUI, mouse, Ethernet networking, file servers,
print servers and e-mail. The Xerox Star, despite its technological breakthroughs, did not sell
well due to its high price, costing $16,000 per unit. A typical Xerox Star-based office would have
cost $100,000.In the mid 1980s, Apple considered buying Xerox; however, a deal was never
reached. Apple instead bought rights to the Alto GUI and adapted it into to a more affordable
personal computer, aimed towards the business and education markets. The Apple Macintosh
was released in 1984, and was the first personal computer to popularize the GUI and mouse
amongst the public.The company was revived in the 1980s and 1990s, through improvement in
quality design and realignment of its product line. Development of digital photocopiers in the
1990s and a revamp of the entire product range essentially high-end laser printers with attached
scanners which were able to be attached to computer networks again gave,Xerox a technical
lead over its competitors. Xerox worked to turn its product into a service, providing a complete
"document service" to companies including supply, maintenance, configuration, and user
support. To reinforce this image, the company introduced a corporate signature, "The Document
Company" above its main logo and introduced a red "digital X". The "digital X" symbolized the
transition of documents between the paper and digital worlds. In 2000, Xerox acquired Tektronix
color printing and imaging division in Wilsonville, Oregon, for US$925 million. This led to the
current Xerox Phaser line of products as well as Xerox solid ink printing technology. In
September 2004, Xerox celebrated the 45th anniversary of the Xerox 914. More than 200,000
units were made around the world between 1959 and 1976, the year production of the 914 was
stopped. Today, the 914 is part of American history as an artifact in the Smithsonian Institution.
Xerox's turnaround was largely led by Anne M. Mulcahy, who was appointed president in May
2000, CEO in August 2001 and chairman in January 2002.[8] Mulcahy launched an aggressive
turnaround plan that returned Xerox to full-year profitability by the end of 2002, along with
decreasing debt, increasing cash, and continuing to invest in research and development. In
November, 2006 Xerox completed the Acquisition of XMPie Press Release. In October 2008,
Xerox Canada Ltd. was named one of Greater Toronto's Top Employers by Mediacorp Canada
Inc., which was announced by the Toronto Star newspaper. On May 21, 2009 it was announced that
Ursula Burns would succeed Anne Mulcahy as CEO of Xerox as of July 1st, 2009 and hence would
become the first African American to head a company the size of Xerox.
The Corporate Milestones
1999
Integral part of Xerox Developing Markets Operations (DMO)
Business Restructuring successfully concluded
Xerox Management Model & the Managing For Results (MFR) process
revitalized
New Convenience Copier series engineered and launched by Rampur. 55%
National Integration achieved
Channels Premier Club for Extended Sales Promotion Agents
ISO 14001 Surveillance Audit successfully concluded
Outsourcing Servicing Agents (OSA) activity successfully initiated
Export Excellence Award won. First ever copier export to Iraq under UN Oil for
Food Program
Benchmark Asset Recovery in the Xerox world for fifth consecutive year
DMO Assessment rates XMC No. 1 in Digital & Network Knowledge. No. 2 in
Color.
XMC rated industry No. 1 in Customer Satisfaction for 5th consecutive year
New Document Solutions cut in for Telecom, Graphics Arts, Education, Banking
& Finance and Manufacturing
2000
Merger of Modi Xerox Limited & Modi Xerox Financial Services into Xerox
Modicorp Limited (XMC) concluded

Tektronix Colour Printing & Imaging Division (CPID) in India integrates with
Xerox Modicorp's Channels Business
7th Employee Day celebrated. Company Merit Awards instituted
Knowledge Sharing at work initiative announced
Open Door Policy launched
Modi Xerox wins 1999 Golden Peacock innovative Product/Service Award from
World Congress on Total Quality
Teleweb enabled business intensified
omes The Document Company enters laser printer, fax and supplies markets.
ISO 9002 Certification attained.
A record of 25,000 photoreceptors & 2,50,000 toner bottles were exported to Xerox.
What Xerox Promises
The Document Company Xerox Modicorp in India demonstrates its leadership in
market position.
Wide array of high-end production & printing systems; engineering plan printers,
colour, digital & networked products.
Document solutions for telecom, banking & finance, graphic arts, education,
manufacturing & government.
Industry No. 1 in overall Customer Satisfaction and service. Nationwide
distribution & reach.
Widespread coverage and strong dealer network for plug & play products and
supplies.
Benchmark Manufacturing & Supply Chain operations.
The First in industry to achieve ISO 9002 for Manufacturing and Marketing /
Customer Service Support.
It also endeavored to be among the first 10 companies in India to obtain ISO
14001 for complete environment management systems World class facility for
manufacture of copiers, consumables and parts.
It is also amongst the top 10 networked companies in India and has been adjudged
the most successful joint venture of the decade.
We are
Global foot Prints
142 on the Fortune 500 List

Business Groups
Xerox Office
Production Services
Xerox Global Services
The Group: $25 Billion in Sales
Xerox Corporation: $16 Billion
FUJI XEROX Ltd: $9 Billion
Operations Groups
United States and Canada
Europe (Western Europe)
Developing Market Operations
Latin America
Eastern Europe
Russia / CIS
India
Middle East and Africa
Xerox India Limited ((XIL)

Overview
Incorporated in 1983, Xerox India Limited (XML) is a part of Xerox Corporation (NYSE: XRX),
the US$15.7 billion, Fortune 500 global document management company. Over the past 20
years, Xerox India has shaped the Document Management industry in India by ushering in the
world's best document processing products and bringing innovative value-added concepts to
cater to customer needs. Xerox India has successfully transitioned three major movements in
India since its inception, from copying to printing, black and white to colour and stand-alone
analog to digital, networked products.
Xerox India's Strategic Intent

To become the leader in the document market in India by helping improve the customer work
processes, positively impacting productivity and costs while digitally empowering them to
transform their work. In other words 'helping people find better ways to do great work.
Xerox India Limited, erstwhile Modi Xerox was the outcome of one man's vision to usher whitecollar productivity in India. In the 1960s and 1970s Dr Bhupendra Kumar Modi, erstwhile
founder Chairman and President, Modi Xerox experienced firsthand the power of xerography
and discovered the simple joyof copying reference study material at the touch of a button.
Through a tie up with Rank Xerox, a member of the worldwide Xerox family in UK, Dr Modi
founded Modi Xerox, a joint venture partnership and brought to Indian offices a new level of
productivity and efficiency in business management.
The Xerox India Limited story can be divided into the following phases:
o The Start-up years (1983 - 86)
o The Take-off Phase (1986 - 89)
o Maturing of the Partnership (1989 - 91)
o Evolution into The Document Company (1991 - 95)
o Gearing up for Globalization & Knowledge Growth (1995 - 99)
o 2000 & Beyond : Leading the Digital Document Revolution
BUSINESS GROUP
Through its three business groups - Production Systems Group (PSG), New Office Group,
Consulting/Outsourcing business group - XIL caters to its three primary markets of high-end
production environments, networked offices (small to large) and document management
services.
Product of Xerox
Office product of Xerox

Color Multifunction
A complete line of office color laser multifunction printers that copy, print, scan, and fax all in
one.
(A) Phaser 6128MFP
Print, copy, scan, fax, email

Best for small, frequent jobs in a small work team or personal environment
Color: up to 12 ppm
Black: up to 16 ppm
Standard paper capacity: 251 sheets
Maximum paper capacity: 251 sheets
(B) Phaser 6115MFP
Print, copy, scan, fax

Best for small, frequent print jobs in a workgroup or personal environment
Color: up to 5 ppm
Black: up to 20 ppm
(C) Phaser 8860MFP

Color output for the price of black-and-white
Cartridge-free solid ink technology
Black: up to 30 ppm
Color: up to 30 ppm
Maximum paper capacity: 1,675 sheets
(D) Phaser 6180MFP

Best for small, frequent print jobs
Workgroup: Up to 10 users
Color: up to 20 ppm
Black: up to 31 ppm
(E) WorkCentre 6400
New! Trade-up Rebate!

Print, Copy, Scan, Fax, Email
Best for everyday office use in small to medium workgroups
Color: up to 32 ppm
Black: up to 37 ppm
(F) WorkCentre 7425/7428/7435
New!
Print, copy with optional scan, fax, email
Best for everyday jobs in color or black and white
Color: up to 20 / 28 / 35 ppm
Black: up to 25 / 28 / 35 ppm
(G) WorkCentre 7232/7242

Best for black-and-white jobs with color when you need it
Color: up to 10 ppm
Black: up to 32 / 40 ppm
(H) WorkCentre 7328/7335/7345/7346
Print, Copy with optional Scan, Fax, Email

Color: up to 26 / 31 / 35 / 40 ppm
(I) ColorQube 9201/9202/9203
New!
Print, copy, scan, email and optional fax
Choose flexible pricing plans to pay less for color pages
Cartridge-free solid ink technology
Best for high-volume color usage
Print and copy up to 50 ppm (with flexible print speeds from 38 to 85 ppm) on ColorQube 9203
Standard paper capacity: 3,300 sheets
(J) WorkCentre 7655/7665/7675
Copy with optional Print, Scan, Fax, Email

Best for high-volume jobs of any size with great color when you need it
Color: up to 40 / 50 ppm
(A) WorkCentre PE120/PE120i
Copy, Print, Scan, Fax

Best for small jobs in a personal use or small workgroup environment
50 Sheet Automatic Document Feeder
(B) WorkCentre 4118
Copy, Print, Scan, Fax

Best for small jobs in a workgroup or small office environment
Speed: up to 18 ppm
(C) WorkCentre M20/M20i
Copy, print, fax, scan, email

Best for small copying, printing, faxing and scanning jobs
50 page duplex automatic document feeder
Speed: up to 22 ppm
(D) Phaser 3300MFP

Best for everyday use on small work teams (2-10 users)
50-sheet Automatic Document Feeder
Speed: up to 30 ppm
(E) WorkCentre 3210/3220
New!
Print, Copy, Scan, Fax (and Email on WorkCentre 3220)
Best for personal use or small workteams (1-5 users)
50-sheet Automatic Document Feeder
Speed: up to 24 / 30 ppm
(F) WorkCentre 5222
Copier or Printer/Copier with optional scan and fax

Best for everyday usage for small- and medium-size jobs
Speed: up to 22 ppm
(G) WorkCentre 5225
Copier or Printer/Copier with optional scan and fax

Speed: up to 25 ppm
(H) WorkCentre 5030/5050
Copy, with optional Print, Scan, Fax, Email

Advanced Multifunction
High-performance multifunction printers with advanced scan, fax, security, and accounting
solutions
(A) WorkCentre 7655/7665/7675
Copy with optional Print, Scan, Fax, Email

Best for high-volume jobs of any size with great color when you need it
Color: up to 40 / 50 ppm
(B) WorkCentre 5665/5675/5687

Best for heavy office use or in-house production
Speed: up to 65 / 75 / 87 ppm
(C) WorkCentre 5632/5638

Best for frequent usage for small to medium jobs
(D) WorkCentre 7232/7242

Color: up to 10 ppm
Black: up to 32 / 40 ppm
(E) WorkCentre 4150
Print, Copy, Email, Fax, Scan

Best for heavy usage of small to medium jobs
Speed: up to 45 ppm
(F) WorkCentre 7328/7335/7345/7346
Print, Copy with optional Scan, Fax, Email

Color: up to 26 / 31 / 35 / 40 ppm
Objective
Importance
Scope
Objective
To know about the photo copy machines in market in Ghazipur city.
To find out the factor which effect customer preference regarding photocopy machine?
To determine the actual demand of consumers.
To know the prospects and challenges related with the photo copy machine market.
To find out the satisfaction level of customers.
Importance
The importance of a project report is following
The study will help to know that what additional features & what facilities should be
increase.
Customer is satisfied with the product and services provided by companies or he is

dissatisfied.
It helps in identify reason behind dissatisfactions.
The importance of study is that it is helpful to make future policy of the company.
It is important to create a new plan for products & services in future with unique quality
& facilities that will be preferred by the customers.
To know the factor behind purchase of photo copy machines products.
To know the recent technologies and growth rate of photo copy machines in Ghazipur.
Scope
The scope of this project is the study the product quality and growth of the company. It covers a
wide range analysis of the company that what kind of product quality services has been provided
by the company, what are the qualities of products, what are the satisfaction level of the customer
by the of the company, working and promotional process of the company, How the company
satisfy the customer by its product.
This study also shed light on the relationship of company with customers. The study also covers
the behavioral pattern of company employees with the customer at the time of complains for any
product and how they provide service to them and satisfaction according to choice of photo copy
machines in Ghazipur.
The response of the centre towards the customer also covered in this study. After analysis the
researcher comes to know that the customer response centre gives good response to each and
every complaint and do its best of satisfy the customers by its service and products provided by
the photo copy machines in Ghazipur. After analysis the researcher comes to know that the recent
technologies and growth rate of photo copy machines in Ghazipur.
Chapter -2
`Research`
Research is a purposeful investigation. It is a scientific & systematic search for knowledge &
intimation on a specific topic research is use full & research objective can be achieved if it is
done in propose process
Methodology
The world methodology spell the meaning itself if the method used by the researches in
obtaining information. The data (information can be collected from primary sources & secondary
sources.) By primary data we mean data collected by researches himself for the first time to
collaborate the data which has previously not been used is known as primary data By secondary
data we mean the data collected from various published matters, a Magazine newspapers status
of previous research report etc. In other words we can say that the data which as already been
used your different purpose by different people is known as secondary Primary data can be
collected through questionnaire and personal interview as for as concern my research is limited
to dealers personality Secondary data are collected from the various books journals new
spapereditional expert suggestions web sites & internet & etc. Research is a common language
refers to a search of knowledge. Research is scientific & systematic search for pertinent
information on a specific topic, infect research is an art of scientific investigation. Research
Methodology is a scientific way to solve research problem. It may be understood as a science of
studying how research is doing scientifically. In it we study various steps that are generally
adopted by researchers in studying their research problem. It is necessary for researchers to know
not only know research method techniques
The scope of Research Methodology is wider than that of research methods.

The research problem consists of series of closely related activities. At times, the first step
determines the native of the last step to be undertaken. Why a research has been defined, what
data has been collected and what a particular methods have been adopted and a host of similar
other questions are usually answered when we talk of research methodology concerning a
research problem or study. The project is a study where focus is on the following points:
RESEARCH DESIGNA research design is defined, as the specification of methods and procedures for acquiring the
Information needed. It is a plant or organizing framework for doing the study and collecting the
data. Designing a research plan requires decisions all the data sources, research approaches,
Research instruments, sampling plan and contact methods.
Research design is mainly of following types: 1. Exploratory research.
2. Descriptive studies
3. Experimental
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH
The major purposes of exploratory studies are the identification of problems, the more precise
Formulation of problems and the formulations of new alternative courses of action. The design of
exploratory studies is characterized by a great amount of flexibility and ad-hoc veracity.
DESCRIPTIVE STUDIES
Descriptive research in contrast to exploratory research is marked by the prior formulation of
specific research
Questions. The investigator already knows a substantial amount about the
research problem. Perhaps as a Result of an exploratory study, before the project is initiated.
Descriptive research is also characterized by a Preplanned and structured design.
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN:-
A casual design investigates the cause and effect relationships between two or more variables.
The hypothesis is tested and the experiment is done. There are following types of casual designs:
I.
After only design
II.
Before after design
III.
Before after with control group design
IV.
Four groups, six studies design
V.
After only with control group design.
VI.
Consumer panel design
VII.
Exposit facto design
B)
DATA COLLECTION METHOD
PRIMARY
SECONDARY
Direct personal Interview

Indirect personal Interview
Information from correspondents
Published Sources
Govt. publication
Unpublished Sources
Mailed questionnaire
Report Committees & Commissions
Question filled by enumerators.
Private Publication
Research institute
PRIMARY DATA
These data are collected first time as original data. The data is recorded as observed or
encountered. Essentially they are raw materials. They may be combined, totaled but they have
not extensively been statistically processed. For example, data obtained by the peoples.
SECONDARY DATA
Following are the main sources of secondary data:
Official Publications.
Publications Relating to Trade:
Journal/ Newspapers etc.:
Data Collected by Industry Associations:
Unpublished Data: Data may be obtained from several companies, organizations,

working in the same areas like magazines.
Period of Study: This study has been carried out for a maximum period of 4 weeks.
Area of study: The study is exclusively done in the area of marketing. It is a process requiring
care, sophistication, experience, business judgment, and imagination for which there can be no
mechanical substitutes.
Sampling Design: The convenience sampling is done because any probability sampling
procedure would require detailed information about the universe, which is not easily available
further, it being an exploratory research.
Sample Procedure: In this study judgmental sampling procedure is used. Judgmental sampling
is preferred because of some limitation and the complexity of the random sampling. Area
sampling is used in combination with convenience sampling so as to collect the data from
different regions of the city and to increase reliability.
Sampling Size: The sampling size of the study is 100 users.
Method of the Sampling

Probability Sampling
It is also known as random sampling. Here, every item of the universe has an equal chance or
probability of being chosen for sample.
Probability sampling may be taken inform of:
Simple Random Sampling A simple random sample gives each member of the population
an equal chance of being chosen. It is not a haphazard sample as some people think! One way
of achieving a simple random sample is to number each element in the sampling frame and then
use random numbers to select the required sample. Random numbers can be obtained using your
calculator, a spreadsheet, printed tables of random numbers, or by the more traditional methods
of drawing slips of paper from a hat, tossing coins or rolling dice.
Systematic Random Sampling

This is random sampling with a system! From the sampling frame, a starting point is chosen at
random, and thereafter at regular intervals.
Stratified Random Sampling
With stratified random sampling, the population is first divided into a number of parts or 'strata'
according to some characteristic, chosen to be related to the major variables being studied. For
this survey, the variable of interest is the citizen's attitude to the redevelopment scheme, and the
stratification factor will be the
values of the respondents' homes. This factor was chosen because it seems reasonable to suppose
that it will be related to people's attitudes.
Cluster and area Sampling
Cluster sampling is a sampling technique used when "natural" groupings are evident in a
statistical population. It is often used in marketing research. In this technique, the total
population is divided into these groups (or clusters) and a sample of the groups is selected. Then
the required information is collected from the elements within each selected group. This may be
done for every element in these groups or a sub sample of elements may be selected within each
of these groups.
Non Probability Sampling
It is also known as deliberate or purposive or judge mental sampling. In this type of sampling,
every item in the universe does not have an equal, chance of being included in a sample.
It is of following type:
Convenience Sampling
A convenience sample chooses the individuals that are easiest to reach or sampling that is done
easy. Convenience sampling does not represent the entire population so it is considered bias.
Quota Sampling
In quota sampling the selection of the sample is made by the interviewer, who has been given
quotas to fill from specified sub-groups of the population.
Judgment Sampling
The sampling technique used here in probability > Random Sampling.

The total sample size is 100 profiles.
I have selected Probability sampling method for this research study.
Data Collection: - Data is collected from various customers through personal interaction.
Specific questionnaire is prepared for collecting data. Data is collected with more interaction and
formal discussion with different respondents and we collect data about investment pattern of
people by face to face contact with the persons from whom the information is to be obtained
(known as informants). The interviewer asks them questions pertaining to the survey and
collects the desired information.
Chapter 3
Data Analysis
&
Interpretation
Q1: Which brand of photocopier machine you use?

Satisfaction level
Respondent (No.)
Canon
25
Ricoh
15
Sharp
20
Xerox
40
Analysis
After the survey the researcher found that100% respondent know about the loreal and
dove, 00% respondent dont know about the loreal and dove.
Interpretation
The above analysis shows that most of the respondent know about the loreal and dove.
Q2: Does brand name influence your purchasing behaviour while installing the photocopier
Machines?
Satisfaction level
Yes
Respondent (No.)
80
No
20
Analysis
Interpretation
Q3: How printing cost influences your installation decision?
Satisfaction level
Respondent (No.)
Disagree
25
No answer
15
Agree
60
Analysis
Interpretation
Q4: Does power consumption of machines is a considerable factor while choosing a machine?
Satisfaction level
Yes
Respondent (No.)
85
No
15
Analysis
Interpretation
Q5: The speed of a machine (ppm-paper per minute) is considerable factor while choosing a
Machine?
Satisfaction level
Disagree
Respondent (No.)
28
No answer
15
Agree
57
Analysis
Interpretation
Q6: Does other feature like MFD(multi function device) play a significant role when you
purchasing
photocopier machine?
Satisfaction level
Disagree
Respondent (No.)
35
No answer
15
Agree
50
Analysis
Interpretation
Q7: Does print quality is considerable factor while choosing a machine?

Satisfaction level
Disagree
Respondent (No.)
15
No answer
10
Agree
75
Analysis
Interpretation
Q8: Does price factor affect the buying behaviours?

Satisfaction level
Disagree
Respondent (No.)
20
No answer
10
Agree
70
Analysis
Interpretation
Chapter-4
Findings
Finding
Chapter-5
Conclusion
Conclusion
As it has been discussed, Today Xerography Industry has a very high growth potaional in market.
Post liberalization, the industry; institution has been growing at a rapid pace in terms of its assets
under management.
The study aimed at finding out the market shares of Xerox photocopier machine. It was found
that mostly organization prefer the Xerox photocopier machine, because the services, facilities of
MFD,power saving, print quality is better than other photocopier company machines. On the
behalf of this study the market of photocopier machine in India is bright.
The project analysis of the Ghazipur market is shown very clear picture that today Xerox is the
market leader of the Ghazipur market for better market creditability in comparison to other
photocopier company.
So if Xerox want to shown their strong presence in Ghazipur market. They should have better
creditability system, better services, best financial transaction, high margin growth. These are
some factor which help to Xerox in making leader of the Ghazipur market.
Suggestions
The Xerox photocopier. On the basis of survey done by me following are the some of points that
could be suggested to the dealer of the company so as to increase the sales of products.
On time delivery of the products is the important area that is to focused on.
Brand name of Xerox is very well known in Photocopier market and it is associated with
quality thus this has to be maintained in all spheres of the selling and marketing.
Another suggestion would be that Xerox should also encourage direct selling a part of
from depending fully on dealers.
There could be some changes in the products of Xerox according to consumer needs and
purchasing power of consumer.
There may be improvement in the after sales services of
Limitation
In the survey conducted all the due efforts are made with full effort and diligence but still their
might be some error due to the following reasons:
Human behavior is too complex to determine. So the information disclosed by them may
not be very accurate.
This survey is conducted on a very small sample size, so it might be possible that the
information given by such respondents may not match with the reply of the whole public
of ghazipur.
There was a time constraint while conducting the report.
It might be possible that the answers given by the respondents are full of biasness.
Some of the respondents were not willing to reply the questions.
As the questionnaire is in English language, some respondents found it difficult to

understand it, even many refused.
QUESTIONNAIRE
DEAR RESPONDENT,
Myself Avinash Dubey Pursuing B.B.A at T.E.R.I. P.G. GHAZIPUR. I seek your
responses and kind co-operation for the purpose of successful of my survey project report.
THANK YOU
Avinash Dubey
B.B.A.4thsem
T.E.R.I. P. G. College Ghazipur
Name: ...
Age: ...
Address: Education:....
Gender:
Occupation: Monthly Income
Q-1 Are you know about the dove or loreal products?

(a) Yes
(b) No
Q-2 On an average how much do you spend on personal care product each month?
(a) 0-500
(b) 500-1000
(c) 1000-1500
(d) 1500-2500
(e) Above 2500
Q-3 value to the different purchasing factors (ranked from 1 to 5)

(a) Price
(b) Packaging
(c) Ingredients
(d) Location of retail store
Q-4 How do you determine the trust worthiness of the cosmetic brand you are using?
(a) Product origin
(b) Awards received
(c) Laboratory recommendation
(d) Editorial recommendation
Q-5 How do you get to know your cosmetic products?

(a) Internet Sample
(b) Newspaper
(c) Leaflets
(d) Seminars
(e) Words of mouth

Q-6 Which areas interest you the most?
(a) Discount
(b) Latest product
(c) Product reviews
(d) Beauty
Q-7 Are you satisfied with the variety of brand availability in the market?
(a) Yes
(b) No
Q-8 Where do you like to go for shopping?

(a) Super mark
(b) Mall
(c) Traditional shop
(d) E-shopping
Q-9 How do you differentiate one brand from the other?

(a) Brand name
(b) Spokesperson
(c) Function
(d) Leaflets
Q-10 What kind of promotion would you attract you to buy skin care products the most?
(a) Newspapers
(c) Promoters
(b) Seminars
(d) Leaflets & TV comments
Q-11- Give Comments for your brand.
Bibliography
Websites:
a. www.xerox.com
b. Docutalk April 2002
c. www.xeroxmodicorp.com
Books:
C.R.Kothari- Research Methodology
K.Paneersalem- Research Methodology
Philip Kotler- Marketing
Magazines:
a. Business Week

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A study on photo copier machine in Ghazipur

SURVEY PROJECT REPORT

Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur

Submitted ByAvinash Dubey

Under the Supervision of:

Technical Education & Research Institute,

Rahul Anand Singh

Karunendra Pratap Singh

Associate Professor & Head,

Dept. of Business Administration

Dept. of Business Administration

Professor)department of business administration T E R I, Ghazipur.

30th May 2014

black-and-white printers, multifunction systems, photo copiers, digital production printing

The Corporate Milestones

Modicorp Limited (XMC) concluded

Global foot Prints

142 on the Fortune 500 List

Xerox Global Services

The Group: $25 Billion in Sales

Xerox Corporation: $16 Billion

FUJI XEROX Ltd: $9 Billion

United States and Canada

Europe (Western Europe)

Developing Market Operations

Xerox India Limited ((XIL)

Xerox India's Strategic Intent

o 2000 & Beyond : Leading the Digital Document Revolution

Office product of Xerox

Print, copy, scan, fax, email

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