class InputReader {

private
private
private
private

InputStream stream;
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
int curChar;
int numChars;

public InputReader(InputStream stream) {

this.stream = stream;
}
public int read() {
if (numChars == -1)
throw new InputMismatchException();
if (curChar >= numChars) {
curChar = 0;
try {
numChars = stream.read(buf);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new InputMismatchException();
}
if (numChars <= 0)
return -1;
}
return buf[curChar++];
}
public int peek() {
if (numChars == -1)
return -1;
if (curChar >= numChars) {
curChar = 0;
try {
numChars = stream.read(buf);
} catch (IOException e) {
return -1;
}
if (numChars <= 0)
return -1;
}
return buf[curChar];
}
public int readInt() {
int c = read();
while (isSpaceChar(c))
c = read();
int sgn = 1;
if (c == '-') {
sgn = -1;
c = read();
}
int res = 0;
do {
if (c < '0' || c > '9')
throw new InputMismatchException();
res *= 10;
res += c - '0';
c = read();
} while (!isSpaceChar(c));

return res * sgn;

}
public long readLong() {
int c = read();
while (isSpaceChar(c))
c = read();
int sgn = 1;
if (c == '-') {
sgn = -1;
c = read();
}
long res = 0;
do {
if (c < '0' || c > '9')
throw new InputMismatchException();
res *= 10;
res += c - '0';
c = read();
} while (!isSpaceChar(c));
return res * sgn;
}
public String readString() {
int length = readInt();
if (length < 0)
return null;
byte[] bytes = new byte[length];
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
bytes[i] = (byte) read();
try {
return new String(bytes, "UTF-8");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
return new String(bytes);
}
}
public static boolean isSpaceChar(int c) {
return c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\t' || c == 1;
}
private String readLine0() {
StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
int c = read();
while (c != '\n' && c != -1) {
if (c != '\r')
buf.appendCodePoint(c);
c = read();
}
return buf.toString();
}
public String readLine() {
String s = readLine0();
while (s.trim().length() == 0)
s = readLine0();
return s;
}

public String readLine(boolean ignoreEmptyLines) {

if (ignoreEmptyLines)
return readLine();
else
return readLine0();
}
public BigInteger readBigInteger() {
try {
return new BigInteger(readString());
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
throw new InputMismatchException();
}
}
public char readCharacter() {
int c = read();
while (isSpaceChar(c))
c = read();
return (char) c;
}
public double readDouble() {
int c = read();
while (isSpaceChar(c))
c = read();
int sgn = 1;
if (c == '-') {
sgn = -1;
c = read();
}
double res = 0;
while (!isSpaceChar(c) && c != '.') {
if (c == 'e' || c == 'E')
return res * Math.pow(10, readInt());
if (c < '0' || c > '9')
throw new InputMismatchException();
res *= 10;
res += c - '0';
c = read();
}
if (c == '.') {
c = read();
double m = 1;
while (!isSpaceChar(c)) {
if (c == 'e' || c == 'E')
return res * Math.pow(10, readInt());
if (c < '0' || c > '9')
throw new InputMismatchException();
m /= 10;
res += (c - '0') * m;
c = read();
}
}
return res * sgn;
}
public boolean isExhausted() {
int value;
while (isSpaceChar(value = peek()) && value != -1)

read();
return value == -1;
}
public String next() {
return readString();
}
public boolean readBoolean() {
return readInt() == 1;
}
public void close() {
try {
stream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class OutputWriter {
private final PrintWriter writer;
public OutputWriter(OutputStream outputStream) {
writer = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWrit
er(
outputStream)));
}
public OutputWriter(Writer writer) {
this.writer = new PrintWriter(writer);
}
public void print(Object... objects) {
for (int i = 0; i < objects.length; i++) {
if (i != 0)
writer.print(' ');
writer.print(objects[i]);
}
}
public void printLine(Object... objects) {
print(objects);
writer.println();
}
public void close() {
writer.close();
}
}
class IOUtils {
public static int[] readIntArray(InputReader in, int size) {
int[] array = new int[size];
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
array[i] = in.readInt();
return array;
}

public static int[][] readIntTable(InputReader in, int rowCount,

int columnCount) {
int[][] table = new int[rowCount][];
for (int i = 0; i < rowCount; i++)
table[i] = readIntArray(in, columnCount);
return table;
}
}