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80 MVA, 220/13.8/6.9 kV
HV TRANSFORMER
CGL W.O. ET10412
CLIENT
: HV POWER TRANSFORMER
ORIGINATED BY
APPROVED BY
DATE: 16/02/2015
===============================================================
INDEX
1.
Introduction
1.1. Purpose of O & M Manual
1.2. Instruction Guide Guide to Important Drawings
1.3. General Safety Measures
1.3.1.Overview
1.3.2.Basic Safety Practice
1.3.3.Transformer Specific Safety Practice
1.4. Contact Details
1.5. Health, Safety and Environment considerations at site
2.
3.
===============================================================
3.2.3. Rail Transport
3.2.4. Water Transport
3.2.5. Loading
3.2.6. Shipping Documents
3.3. Receiving Main Unit and Accessories
3.3.1.Checking Shipping & Consignment Documents
3.3.2.Unpacking & Inspection
3.3.3.Standard Receiving Tests
3.4. Storage of Main Unit and Accessories
3.4.1. Overview
3.4.2. Storage of Transformer
3.4.3. Storage of Accessories
3.4.4. Storage of Oil Drums
3.4.5. Periodic Inspection during Storage
3.5. Safety Measures during Transport, Handling and Storage
4.
===============================================================
4.14.2.Breather Installation
4.14.3.OTI and WTI
4.14.4.PRD
4.14.5.Plate Valves and their Assemblies
4.15. Oil Filling Procedure
4.16. Dos and Donts during Assembling and Installation
5.
Pre-commissioning checks
5.1. Overview
5.2. General Guidelines
5.3. Mechanical Checks
5.3.1. Location on Foundation
5.3.2. Bushings and Terminal Connectors
5.3.3. Valves and Pipe-work
5.3.4. Radiators and Cooling Systems
5.3.5. Leak Test
5.4. Tests on Transformer and Accessories
5.4.1.
5.4.2.
5.4.3.
5.4.4.
5.4.5.
5.4.6.
5.4.7.
5.4.8.
5.4.9.
===============================================================
6.
Commissioning
6.1. Repeating Pre-Commissioning Checks
6.2. Operational System Tests
6.2.1.Relay Settings
6.2.2.Alarm Circuits and Contacts
6.2.3.Trip Circuit and Contacts
6.2.4.Temperature Settings
6.2.5.Rating of Pressure Relief Device
6.2.6.System Voltage, Frequency & Phase Sequence Check
6.2.7.Oil Sampling and Checking
6.3. Transformer Energization
6.3.1.Minimum Settling Time after Final Oil Filling
6.3.2.First Energization on No Load
6.3.3.Loading the Transformer
7.
Maintenance
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Safety during Maintenance
7.3. Periodic Inspection and Checks during Service
7.3.1.External Cleaning
7.3.2.Transformer Body
7.3.3.Gaskets
7.3.4.Oil
7.3.5.Bushings
7.3.6.Conservator and Magnetic Oil Gauge
7.3.7.Tap Changer
7.3.8.Dehydrating Breather
7.3.9. Cooling System
7.3.10. Temperature Indicators
7.3.11. External Circuits and Control Equipment
7.3.12. Buchholtz Relay
7.3.13. Explosion Vent
7.4. Preventive Maintenance Inspection Chart
===============================================================
8.
Trouble shooting
8.1. Indication Signals of Malfunction or Abnormality
8.2. Trouble Shooting Chart
8.2.1. Trouble Shooting Flow
8.2.2. Trouble Shooting Flowchart for Abnormal level of Fault Gases
8.3. Trouble Shooting Process
8.4. Emergency Response for Unexpected Events
8.5. Energizing Transformer after Fault
9.
10.
11.
12.
GAS GUARD
12.1. GAS-Guard Site Preparation Guide
12.2. GAS-Guard Installation Guide
12.3. GAS-Guard Operation and Maintenance Guide
12.4. GAS-Guard Software User's Manual
13.
14.
===============================================================
SECTION 1
Introduction
===============================================================
1.1
1.3.2
===============================================================
1.3.3
Contact details
===============================================================
1.5
1.
2.
The personnel
working must
undergo orientation, of the HSE
requirements through the employer.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
is
===============================================================
SECTION - 2
General Transformer Features
===============================================================
Mechanical features
By looking at the transformers
around us, we find that majority of
the transformers resemble each
other. This tells us that though the
electrical features may differ,
mechanical features do not differ
much. The point made here is that
the transformer has a body (tank),
and is mounted with accessories
such as radiators, fans, breather,
conservator, breather, Buscholz
relay, bushings etc. as applicable.
To know the mechanical features
specific to the transformer, please
refer General Arrangement (OGA)
drawing along with the drawings of
the accessories enclosed at the
end of the manual.
2.3.
Transformer grounding
grounding
of
Temporary
groundings,
used
while
personnel are working on de-energized
transformers, must always be applied in
accordance with the approved safety and
operation practices issued by the employer.
In addition, they must be in accordance with
the instructions for the specific grounding
equipment used.
Temporary grounding is required for a
number of reasons:
Induced voltage from adjacent energized
lines.
Fault current feed-over from adjacent lines.
Lightning strikes anywhere on the circuit.
Switching equipment malfunction or human
error.
Accident initiated contact with adjacent
lines.
===============================================================
======================================================================
SECTION 3
Packing, Transport,
Handling and Storage
======================================================================
3.1
Packing
3.1.1
Overview
Radiators
with
each
Packaging of Transformer
Condenser bushings
3.1.6
Fabricated Items
Control Cabinets
Instruments
Marking
Oil
======================================================================
3.2
3.2.3
3.2.1
Overview
3.2.4
Rail Transport
Water Transport
Loading
Road Transport
(i)
Fig. 1.
When using jacking for lifting, only the Jacking
pads provided for the purpose of jacking should
be used. Jacks are also not to be left in position
with load for a long time.
The transformer should always be handled in
the normal upright position. During the handling
operation care must be taken to prevent
overturning or uneven tilting.
3.2.5.2 Lashing
The transformer is lashed on all four sides by
wire ropes or chain of adequate size and
Tightened using turn buckles with locking facility.
Tightness of lashing is to be checked after short
movement.
======================================================================
3.2.6
Shipping Documents
======================================================================
3.3
3.3.1
Levels of Acceleration
2g
2g
1.5g
======================================================================
3.4. Storage of main unit and accessories
3.4.1 Overview
In case when the transformer is not immediately
commissioned, ensure below guidelines for
storage:
Storage area should be adequate and should
be easily accessible for inspection.
The surface on which it is to be stored is
strong and leveled.
Surrounding area of storage place is not
polluted and water does not accumulate
in/around this area.
3.4.2
Storage of Transformer
Storage of Accessories
======================================================================
should
be
inspected
periodically.
Oil
TABLE-A
Instructions for Storage of Accessories and Inspection During Storage
Sr.
Accessories
No.
1.
All condenser
bushings
Storage
Storage
Position
Location
Into their
Protected from
own crates Rain
Precaution
Cover with
Tarpaulin
Special
Instruction
Refer
Manual for
Bushings
Inspection
Checks
Physical
damage
2.
Porcelain bushings
and Pin/Post
insulation
-do-
-do-
3.
Radiators
-do-
-do-
4.
Conservator (COPS)
-do-
-do-
Into their
own
crates
Protected from
Rain
Space
heater
should be
connected
to electric
supply to
be kept ON.
Space
heaters
ON. Should
be free of
dust and
condensati
on
-do-
-do-
5.
TJ box, Marshalling
box (if supplied loose)
and RTCC panel
6.
OLTC Drive
Mechanism (if
supplied loose)
-do-
-do-
7.
-do-
-do-
Physical
damage
All
openings
must be
blanked off
Damage
and rust
Damage
and rust
Refer
respective
Instruction
Manual
======================================================================
Sr.
Accessories
No.
8.
Pipe work
Storage
Position
Uncrated
Storage
Location
Protected from
Rain
9.
-do-
-do-
10.
-do-
-do-
11.
12.
Oil drums
In its own
crate
Precaution
Special
Instruction
-do-
Inspection
Checks
Physical
damage
Refer
respective
Instruction
Manual
Physical
damage
Into a closed
room
Store in stress
free condition.
Do not fold.
Do not roll
Physical
damage
No crates
Oil leakage
Physical
damage
lb/ in2
0.35
5
4.5
A2
0.3
4
3.5
3
0.25
0.2
P E R M IS S IB L E
RANGE
A1
2.5
2
1.5
0.15
0.1
1
0.05
0.5
0
- 0.05
- 30
- 20
- 10
10
20
30
40
50
TEMPERATURE IN C.
E X A M P LE :
F O R 40 C
TEMPERATURE
(D E P E N D IN G U P O N
THE PRESSURE OF
G A S A T T H E TIM E O F
F IL LIN G
---M IN IM U M
P R E SS U R E O F G A S
2
C A N BE 0.18 5K G /C M
A T P O IN T A 1.
M AX IM U M
P R E SS U R E O F G A S
2
C A N BE 0.32 KG /C M
A T P O IN T A 2.
======================================================================
45
OIL DRUMS
OIL FILTER HOLE
FLOOR
3.5
SECTION 4
Assembling & Installation
4.1
1/2 Nos. mobile crane having a free vertical lift suitable for lifting HV bushing and
lifting capacity 3 tones each.
2)
3)
Filter machine of capacity 6000 liters per hour or more in excellent working condition. It
must be capable of heating transformer oil upto 80C (heating should be indirect) and
must be equipped with in-built high vacuum degassing chamber filter elements. The
following accessories should also be provided.
a) Non-collapsible hose
nipples/adapters.
pipes
of
adequate
length
and
size
provided
with
Hose pipes should be of oil resistant material, natural rubber should not be used.
4)
b) 3 Nos. flanges each of sizes 25, 50 & 80 mm pipe suitably threaded for connecting
the hose pipes and provided with holes for fastening on main unit valves.
c) The incoming electricity supply capacity must be adequate to operate the
machine with all its heaters ON.
Vacuum pump of capacity 1500-2500 LPM with booster of 60-900 cub-m/hour and
-3
capable of an ultimate vacuum of 1 x 10 milli-bar, along with the following accessories :
a) Non-collapsible hoses with suitable flanges for connecting to main tank.
b) Condenser for condensation of moisture.
c) MacLeod gauge for measuring up to 10
vacuum pump.
-3
5)
Storage tank for transformer oil of adequate capacity provided with 50 mm bottom draincum-filter valve and another 50 mm top valve. The tank should have an air tight
inspection cover at the top and must be provided with a breather and oil level sight
windows. Tank must be painted with oil resistant paint from inside and must be cleaned
thoroughly before storing the oil. Capacity of the storage tank should be equal to the
total oil quantity of complete unit.
6)
7)
Adequate number of aluminum trays for salvaging oil leakages while connection of pipes.
8)
9)
11) Set of screw drivers, centering tummies, flat ended tummies, pipe wrenches, pliers,
hammers, ladders, hole punches and other tools normally required for such work.
12) 6 mm thk 3 ply nylon ropes of 15 meters length.
13) Oil test set in good working condition having 2.5 mm gauges for adjusting the sphere
gap.
14) 2.5/5 kV megger, preferably motor driven and capable of reading up to 50,000 meg.
ohms.
15) 500 volt megger, hand driven, capable of reading up to at least 50 meg. ohms. OR
digital testers with adjustable voltage
16) 2 Nos. multimeters, preferably digital type having the following ranges :
AC voltage:0 - 2.5, 0 - 25, 0 - 100, 0 - 250, & 0 - 1000
AC current:0 - 100 mA, 0 - 1A, 0 - 10A
17) Single/3 phase supply with DP ICTPN switches.
18) 2.5 mm single core copper leads (approximately 30 meters).
19) 3 litres of Surface cleaning agent..
20) Muslin cloth and waste cloth in sufficient quantities, as may be required at site.
21) Hot air blower for drying porcelain bushings.
22) Vacuum Hose pipes for oil connections should be of oil resistant material. Natural rubber
should not be used. Should withstand full vacuum. Necessary adapters for connecting
to filter machine outlet; filter m/c inlet, filter valves on main unit, Buchholz relay pipe,
oil filling pipe on conservator etc.
23) Instruments for checking humidity
24) Adequate length of 10 mm I/D PVC pipe suitable for vacuum with suitable adapters
for connecting this pipe to std. 25 mm or 50 mm flanged valves.
25) Pulling winches/pulleys
26) Steel ropes
27) Steel plates
28) Grease
29) Wooden sleepers.
30) Hydraulic/mechanical screw jacks with locking arrangement capacity of each should
be minimum 50% of the total weight of main unit with oil.
31) Power pack system to operate all the jacks simultaneously.
32) Measure tapes.
33) Level bottle/Level tube (plastic).
34) Stainless steel bottles for oil samples.
35) Dry Air generator or cylinders with regulator and pressure gauges.
36) Welding machine (for attending damages of Fabricated parts if required.)
37) Gas cylinders with nozzles. Torch for gas cutting ox Acetele (for attending damages of
Fabricated parts if required.)
38) Pressure/vacuum equalization pipes and valves
39) Adapters :
80 mm to 25 mm - 3 nos. each
80 mm to 50 mm - 3 nos. each
50 mm to 25 mm - 3 nos. each
40) Valves: 25 mm flanged type with position indicators and locking devices.
50 mm flanged type with position indicators and locking devices.
41) Adapters suitable for valve and pressure gauge.
42) Bushing lifting equipments as specified in the instructions on bushings.
43) Capsule vacuum gauge range 0-50 mbar with least count of 1 mbar.
44) Tube: 5I/D transparent tube to use as oil gauge shall be capable of withstanding full
vacuum.
Table NO.
Remarks:
The table above assumes the use of 3 300 mm
(3 - 12 inch) wide steel faced timbers
The table above gives the number of rods per set
under the transformer.
Different steps in moving a transformer on steel
rods:
The first step is to prepare the route for moving the
transformer:
The truck bed, the railcar deck or the
transfer car bed must be jacked up and
blocked so that it is level and firm.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Cable boxes
Oil treatment (if necessary)
Vacuum processing and initial oil filling
Topping up the oil
Installation of remaining accessories: fans,
measurement devices, control cabinets, wiring
on the transformer. When the transformer has
been completely filled there is no more risk to
spill any oil on electrical accessories.
9. Pre-operational tests and checks.
4.5 Installation of transformer main unit
Once transformer has been located on the plinth,
ground the transformer tank before proceeding for
the installation of accessories.
To install certain accessories, the transformer tank
will have to be opened. Depending on the specific
shipping or storage conditions:
Oil has to be (partially) drained and the removed
oil has to be stored in dry and clean containers.
I nert gas has to be replaced with breathable dry
gas.
Try to open only one manhole or hand hole at a
time to prevent cross breathing of the tank (which
lets in moisture) while opening a transformer. OR
Open two covers and pass dry air through the
transformer.
Do not open a transformer if bad weather
threatens, and try not to open the tank during
periods of high humidity. Temporary weather
shields may be necessary as a last resort.
Besides following the above measures, always
limit the exposure time of core and windings to 24
hours. This is the total allowable time the active
part may be exposed to atmospheric conditions. If
exposure time exceeds 24 hours, the vacuum
pulling process has to be extended.
4.6 Installation of radiators
Every transformer uses custom designed radiator
assemblies to provide proper cooling for the specific
design.
The transformer might be shipped:
Usage:
Prior to replacing a cover of an inspection opening,
the gasket should be examined to make certain that
it has not been damaged and that it has sufficient
thickness to reseal the joint.
Fix these
10
Controlling exposure:
-------------------
100
75
50
25
11
Duration in hours
----------------------
24
24
36
x)
Oil filtration :
50 kV
60 kV
25 ppm
20 ppm
15 ppm
12
xiii)
Air release :
13
17. Check the oil level in oil cup and ensure air
passages are free in the breather. If oil is less,
make up the oil.
18. If inspection covers are opened or any gasket
joint is to be tightened, then tighten the bolts
evenly to avoid uneven pressure.
19. Check and clean the relay and alarm contacts.
Check also their operation, and accuracy and if
required change the setting.
20. Check the pointers of all gauges for their
free movement.
21. Clean the oil conservator thoroughly before
erecting.
22. Check the OTI and WTI pockets and replenish
the oil, if required.
23. Fill the oil in the transformer at the earliest
opportunity at site and follow storage
instructions.
24. Check
the door seals of Marshalling
Box/Thermojunction Box. Change the rubber
lining if required.
25. Ensure proper tightness of top terminal cap
of condenser bushings to avoid rain water entry.
26. Check oil level in condenser bushing, any
discrepancy should be reported to Manufacturer.
4.16.2 Donts
1. Do not take any fibrous material such as cotton
waste inside while repairing.
2. Do not drop any tools/materials inside.
3. Do not stand on leads/cleats.
4. Do not weld, braze or solder inside the tank.
5. Do not weld anything to tank wall from outside.
6. Do not weld anything to conservator vessel if
bag is inside.
14
RADIATOR ASSEMBLY
BRACING
LUG
VALVE HANDLE
TOP
BOTTOM
DRAIN PLUG
VALVE HANDLE
RADIATOR MOUNTED ON
PIPE WITH FLANGE
RADIATOR MOUNTED ON
HEADER WITH WELDED STUD
VALVE
VALVE
WELDED STUD
GASKET
GASKET
RADIATOR
PLAIN WASHER
RADIATOR
PLAIN WASHER
DETAIL 'X'
DETAIL 'Y'
15
16
17
18
GASKET
PLAIN WASHER
HEX. FULL NUT
GASKET
GASKET
19
20
21
VACUUM
PUMP
OIL STORAGE
TANK
VACUUM
FILTER
CONSERVATOR
TRANSFORMER
VACUUM
GAUGE
BOTTOM HEADER
RADIATORS
TOP HEADER
BREATHER
SEPARETELY MOUNTED
COOLER BANK
TANK TOP
SAMPLING VALVE
VALVE ON
TOP HEADER
VALVE ON
BOTTOM HEADER
22
===============================================================
SECTION - 5
Pre- Commissioning Checks
===============================================================
5.1
Overview
Mechanical
and
Electrical
precommissioning checks are essential to
ensure entire Transformer Functionality.
5.2
General Guidelines
The transformer tank, all external metal
parts and accessories should be
permanently grounded according to the
correct safety and operation practice
and in accordance with instructions for
the specific equipment being used. Tank
should be earthed at atleast two points.
All bushings have to remain grounded
until final energization of the unit (except
to perform the electrical tests).
All cables that are connected to the
transformer should be adequately
grounded.
Check all the gasketed joints to ensure
that there is no leakage of transformer
oil at any point.
Release trapped air through air release
plugs and valves fitted for the purpose
on various fittings likeheaders, radiators
and oil communicating bushings,
buchholz petcock etc.
Check direction of rotation of fan blades
to ensure air blast to radiators.
5.3
===============================================================
5.3.2 Bushings and Terminal Connectors
Check bushings for any crack or
breakage of porcelain
Oil level in condenser type bushings
should be up to the level marked on oil
gauge on side of top cap. Also check
tightness of top cap for condenser
bushing
Check for the arcing horn gap on
bushings, if provided
Ensure that all bushings and bushing
turrets are correctly air bled. Check for
leaks, especially on bolted flanges and
the bushing top terminals.
Ensure that capacitive test taps on
condenser type bushings are correctly
grounded or connected.
Check for sufficient voltage clearances.
Confirm correct position of turrets with
Outline Drawing.
5.3.3 Valves and Pipe-Work
Check that all bolted joints are correctly
tightened and that there are no leaks.
Make sure that all valves (including
radiator valves) are in the operation
position.
Ensure that all venting openings are
closed.
5.3.4. Radiators and Cooling systems
Check oil pumps, fans and their control
system. Check for leaks. Observe
operation for at least two hour.
Check if all condensation release plugs
are removed on electrical motors.
Overcurrent motor protections.
Check and set temperature controllers.
Check the flow indicators for the correct
flow direction.
Other trip and alarm functions as per
specification.
Remote control function (if present).
5.3.5
Leak Test
on
Transformer
and
Oil Sampling
Oil takes up moisture readily and its
condition should always be checked before
use. Water and water-saturated oil are both
heavier than dry oil and sink to the bottom of
any container. Samples shall, therefore, be
taken from the bottom. Samples should not
be taken unless the oil has been allowed to
settle for 24 hours
===============================================================
Samples from Tank: Dirt from the draw-off
valve or plug should be removed. To ensure
that the valve is clean, some quantity of oil
should be allowed to flow into a separate
container before collecting samples for
testing. Samples shall be collected either in
glass bottle (refer IEC 60567) or in stainless
steel bottle. Oil must be taken from both top
and bottom sampling valves and while
drawing the sample the corresponding top
oil temperature must be furnished.
Test oil sample for BDV, PPM, Resistivity,
Tan . It is a good practice to conduct DGA
before commissioning to serve as a record
for future.
Sample from Oil Drum: The drum should
first be allowed to stand with the bung
vertically upwards for at least 24 hours. The
area around the bung should be cleaned. A
clean glass or brass tube long enough to
reach to within 10 mm of the lowermost part
of the drum should be inserted, keeping the
uppermost end of the tube sealed with the
thumb whilst doing so. Remove the thumb,
thereby allowing oil to enter the bottom of
the tube. Reseal the tube and withdraw an
oil sample. The first two samples should be
discarded. Thereafter, the samples should
be released into a suitable receptacle.
Sample from Diverter switch of OLTC: Oil
of diverter switch should be checked for
BDV at the time of commissioning and
subsequently yearly or 5000 operations,
whichever is earlier. Refer OLTC Manual for
detailed instructions
For further details on oil tests, refer
section 4.14
5.4.2
Test
===============================================================
5.4.3.1
5.4.4.2
Note:
Before measuring
the insulation
resistance, it should be made sure that
the bushings are cleaned thoroughly
with clean cotton cloth. They should
also give reading of infinity before
connecting up.
No external lines, lightning arrestors,
etc, should be in circuit.
Ensure that the lead wires of the
megger do not have joints.
===============================================================
UST mode between HV and test tap.
Windings
(i) Between two windings UST mode
(ii) Between winding to Earth-GSTg mode
with other winding (s) guarded.
Notes
While carrying out the test, all 3 phases
of the same winding are to be shorted to
compensate/nullify the effect of winding
reactance.
The bushing porcelain and test tap are
to be properly cleaned before the
commencement of test.
Pre-commissioning values are to be
compared with factory values after
applying temperature correction factors.
Tan Delta/ Power Factor values should
be more frequently monitored if faster
deterioration trend is observed.
5.4.8 Tests on Auxiliary Instruments
5.4.8.1 Oil and Gas Operated Relays
(Buchholz relay)
Check whether the gas operated relay is
mounted
as per suppliers catalogue.
Confirm that the relay does not operate
when pumps are switched on in forced oil
cooled transformers. Check the operation of
the alarm and trip contacts to the relay
independently by injecting air through the
top
cocks using a hand pump. The air
should be released after the tests.
5.4.8.2
5.4.8.3
Checking of oil
SFRA test
Temperature Indicators
===============================================================
5.5 Instruments used for Pre - Commissioning Test
Use the instruments with valid calibration certificates for conducting the tests at site
Sr.
Test
Measuring Instrument Required
Least Count
Instrument Range
Accuracy
No.
1)
2)
3)
Insulation Resistance
V-I method
or Bridge
Megger
4)
Excitation Current
Ammeter
0-200 mA
0.5%
1 mA
5)
6)
Impedance
Oil BDV
BDV Meter
2.5 mm
gauge
0-100 kV
2.5 mm
2%
0.1 mm
2 kV
Go - No go
7)
8)
SFRA
Capacitance and tan delta
5.6
Voltmeter
0 to 500 V
2%
5V
0-100
2%
1 x 10
0-50,000 M
5%
5 M at the
lowest scale
-6
Start up Instructions
Step
No.
Description
Test equipment/
Controls
Inspection/
Action
Acceptance Norms
1)
Oil
BDV tester
BDV
BDV 60 kV
2)
Spanner
Release air
3)
Circuit
breaker
incoming/outgoing
Alarm/trip circuit
Verify
correctness
Satisfactory operation
of breaker
4)
Breathers
Visual check
At designated level
5)
Thermometer
pockets
Visual check
Oil
pocket
To maximum
6)
Earthing pad
Tightness
To be light at earthing
terminal and the earth
7)
Heater switch in
control
Visual check
Switch ON
Switch ON
8)
Incoming breaker
Energise from
incoming side
keeping lowest
voltage top
No abnormal humming
9)
Outgoing breaker
Synchronise
inside
===============================================================
SECTION - 6
Commissioning
===============================================================
6.1
Repeating
Checks
Pre Commissioning
6.2.3
6.2.4
6.2.1
Relay Settings
Buchholz Relay
Winding Temperature Indicator and Oil
Temperature Indicator
Oil Level Alarms
Oil flow indicator.
Oil Level Gauge
Temperature Settings
===============================================================
6.3 Transformer Energization
6.3.1
The transformer is first energized under noload condition. Set the tap changer to obtain
correct voltage ratio.
Ensure
drive
mechanism of no-load tap changer is locked
to prevent mal operation under voltage.
After energization, check the secondary and
no-load current. A noise-peak mayl be heard
immediately after energization. It shall
subside within an hour.
===============================================================
Post Loading Checks
===============================================================
SECTION - 7
Maintenance
===============================================================
7.1
Introduction
7.2
===============================================================
7.3 Periodic Inspection
during Service
and
Checks
External Cleaning
Transformer Body
===============================================================
Table 7.1 : Maximum recommended
Torque for Bolts marked 4.8 on the head
Bolt size
Unplated
Torque N-m
Zn Plated
Galvanised
20
25
M12
36
40
M16
90
110
M20
175
210
M24
300
360
M30
600
720
M36
1050
1260
Zn Plated
Galvanised
Torque N-m
M10
35
40
M12
60
70
M16
145
170
M20
280
340
M24
490
590
M30
970
1160
M36
1700
2040
7.3.3
Bolt size
Torque N-m
M10
Bolt size
Gaskets
7.3.4
Unplated
Torque N-m
M10
20
M12
30
M16
50
M20
70
M24
100
Oil
===============================================================
7.3.5
7.3.6
Gauge
Bushings
7.3.7
Tap Changer
Dehydrating Breather
===============================================================
7.3.9
Cooling System
Fans
Fan blades are cleaned to remove dust;
bearings of the fan motors should be
lubricated occasionally.
During extended periods of reduced
transformer loading, the fans tend to
remain non-operational. Operate the
fans on a periodic basis (biweekly for 1
hour) to ensure satisfactory operation.
Temperature Indicators
7.3.11 External
equipment
circuits
and
control
7.3.12
Buchholz Relay
Routine
operation
and
mechanical
inspection tests should be carried out at one
and two yearly intervals respectively.
During operation if gas is found to be
collecting and giving alarm, the gas should
be tested and analysed to find out the nature
of fault. The internal faults can be identified
to a great extent by chemical analysis of
collected gas.
7.3.13
Explosion Vent
Check:
Control circuit voltage.
Excess heating of parts - evidence by
discoloration of metal parts, charred
insulation, or odor. If connections
appear to be blackened or corroded, the
same can be cleaned or replaced.
Freedom of moving parts (binding or
sticking is not allowed).
Excessive noise in relay coils.
Excessive arcing in opening circuits.
Proper functioning of timing devices,
sequencing of devices, relief device
===============================================================
7.4 Preventive Maintenance Inspection Chart
Sr. Periodicity
No.
1)
--
Item/Area
Maintenance Required
Special
Tools
--
2)
5 Yearly
Radiator
3)
5 Yearly
Paint
Repainting
--
4)
10 Yearly
Gasket
Change
--
5)
5 Yearly
Conservator
Cleaning
--
6)
Yearly
Buchholz relay
7)
Yearly
8)
--
Condenser Bushings
Test set
Consumables
Required
Water
Warning
Safety
arrangement for
hot line washing
Transformer oil
--
Emery Paper
--
--
Transformer oil
Caution
--
-Outermost coat is
Polyurethane
Gaskets in
contact with oil
are Nitrile based
No welding
allowed on tank
--
--
--
As per catalogue
===============================================================
SECTION 8
Trouble shooting
===============================================================
8.1 Indication signals of malfunction or
abnormality
A structured and objective oriented trouble
shooting is required when a transformer is
tripped on some protective relay or when
routine electrical tests shows some
deviation.
Below table shows major indication signals
of malfunction.
Location
Signal
1)
Alarm/Trip
2)
Alarm/Trip
3)
WTI
Alarm/Trip
4)
OTI
Alarm/Trip
5)
6)
MOG
PRD/Diaphragm
Alarm/Trip
Tripped/Operated
7)
Overcurrent Relay
Trip
8)
Differential Relay
Trip
9)
Trip
10)
Yes/No
Yes/No
11)
Colourless/Dark
Inflammable/Non-inflammable, its nature
and composition.
Colourless/Dark
Inflammable/Non-inflammable
===============================================================
8.2
8.2.1
Over-current, ground
arrestor and other
relays operate
Abnormal operation in
the system or other
recording device
Possible Cause
Item to be checked
Shut down of
the transformer
Internal fault in
the transformer
Electrical tests
and DGA
Excessive inrush
current when the
transformer is
energized
Faulty operation
of relay or device
Threshold values of
relays
Level of inrush current
Trapped air or
build up of gas
Gas analysis
Any sudden drop in oil
temperature
Choking in breather
If heavy current is
flowing through the
windings
Whether OLTC is
interrupting heavy
short-circuit current
The duration and value
of short-circuit current
External fault
such as system
short-circuit
===============================================================
Symptom
Buchholz relay and
pressure relief device
operate
simultaneously
Possible Cause
Shut down of
the transformer
and the tap
changer
Operation of
incomplete tap
changing relay
Either Buchholz relay
or pressure relief
device operates
Incorrect stopping
positions because of
incomplete tap
changing of out-of-step
tap positions
Shutdown of
the transformer
and the tap
changer
Drive motor
operates but
incomplete tap
changing takes
place
Excessive drive
torque
Item to be checked
Electrical tests,
including measurement
of insulation resistance,
voltage ratio, exciting
current, and winding
resistance
Gas analysis Operation
of relays
Any external short
circuits
Faulty
Faulty
diverter operation Whether trip due to
simultaneous start of
switch of relay
or
both pumps
device
Faulty divertor
switch
Simultaneous
start of pumps
Integrity of all
circuits and
contacts
Malfunctioning
of pressure relief
device
Operation of any circuit breakers
Incorrect voltages
Motors, pilot switches and relays
Control circuit
Closing and opening positions of switch
contacts
Time setting for relay
===============================================================
8.2.2
Possible Cause
Item to be Checked
1)
2)
3)
4)
8.3
1)
===============================================================
TRANSFORMER TRIPPED
MALFUNCTIONED
UNFIT FOR USE
ANALYSIS OF
DATA
SELECTED
TESTS
MONITOR
FAILURE INDICATION
DATA COLLECTION
NO
YES
PROBLEM
YES
RETURN TO SERVICE
NO
DAMAGE IS
OBVIOUS
TESTING
SELECTED TESTS
YES
REPAIR
FOCUSSED
TESTS
ANALYSE TEST
RESULTS
TESTING
SCRAP
INTERNAL INSPECTION
ANALYSIS
FIELD
REPAIR
NO
FACTORY
REPAIR
YES
PROBLEM
FOUND
YES
YES
PERFORM CORRECTIVE
ACTION
NO
NO
FURTHER
TESTING
DISASSEMBLY
ANALYSIS
===============================================================
8.4
8.5
===============================================================
SECTION - 9
End of life disposal
===============================================================
9.1
9.3
Environmental safety
9.3.1
9.3.2
9.3.3
9.3.4
9.1.2
9.2
Human safety
9.2.1
9.2.2
9.2.3
Description
Details
1)
Transformer type
POWER
2)
Applicable standard
IEC 60076
3)
Rating (MVA)
80 MVA
4)
5)
No of phases / frequency
3 ph / 50 Hz
6)
Vector group
YNyn0d1
7)
Type of cooling
ONAN / ONAF
8)
Tapping details
Sl.
No.
Description
Drawing No.
1)
T61B010412F
2)
Foundation detail
T63B062422Q
3)
Transport Outline
T64B082421Q
4)
T62B080933H
5)
2751377 - 10
6)
2751362 BBBr1
7)
H - 0385
8)
H - 0382
9)
T62B082423Q
10)
T30B110412E
11)
LV Cable Box
T60B082424Q
10.3
Sl.No.
Description
Drawing No.
1.
T57B086189Q
2.
List of Fittings
T62B088768Q
3.
T57B086192F
4.
T57B086187F
5.
T57B086214H
Leaflet
2)
Leaflet
3)
Leaflet
4)
Leaflet
5)
T005-0497
6)
T010-0497
7)
T016-0497
8)
T020-0799
9)
T025-0497
10)
T029-0897
11)
T034-0201
12)
T035-0998
Smart Monitor
Operation and Maintenance Manual
www.siemens.com.br/energia/tlm
ndice
1
4.3
SIMATIC MICROBOX IPC ......................................................................................................... 4-3
4.3.1
Technical Data ............................................................................................................4-5
4.3.2
Basic software ............................................................................................................. 4-5
II
Important Information
Safety Notices
Security warnings in general are disposed prominently by the text and may or may not be preceded by
markings, depending on its level of criticality.
Indicates critical point in the installation and / or system configuration.
Do not install or operate the equipment without first carefully reading the operating manual.
Updated Information
Updated information about the product is found or can be requested via:
Internet http://www.siemens.com.br/energia/tlm
Fax: +55 11 4585-1278
Smart Monitor customer support:
Email: monitoramento.transformadores.br@siemens.com
Phone: +55 11 4585-1100
About the manual
This manual describes the Smart Monitor and all its functions. The availability of the functions described
is linked to the presence of appropriate sensors and the project itself.
Product disclaimer:
The customer expressly understands and agrees that Siemens and its subsidiaries, affiliates, directors, employees,
gents, partners and licensors shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, special, consequential or
exemplary damages, including but not limited to, lost profits, goodwill, use, data or other intangible losses (even if
Siemens has been advised the possibility of such damages), resulting from: (i) the use or misuse of the Smart
Monitor system, (ii) the cost the acquisition or replacement of goods and services resulting from any goods, data,
information and services obtained or transactions resulting from the use of the system, (iii) the failure or damage
of any transformers their property, or (iv) any problem with the Smart Monitor system. The liability of Siemens and
its subsidiaries, affiliates, directors, employees, agents, partners and licensed for any direct damage caused by its
proven guilty will be limited to 10% (ten percent) of contract value.
General Description
1.1 Introduction
Smart Monitor expert system primarily aims to aid the user with the registration and assessment of
relevant data pertaining to early detection of incipient fault formation inside the transformer. The system
helps prevent major and catastrophic failures by providing vital lead time in order to plan Smart Monitor
recommended actions or even, at its extreme, transformer replacement, at a minimum overall cost which
can include system disturbance cost, energy not served cost, failure cost, etc.
The knowledge of oil flow on the pump pipe is necessary to assure the correct cooling of the circulating
oil inside the transformer.
Cooling system current
The measurement of fans and pumps current is necessary to verify the correct operation of each fan and
pump group.
Measurement of voltage or current at the tap of the bushing
Bushing failures usually occur in a sequence of small defects which impose the loss of intermediary
capacitive layers, frequently caused by short-circuit between two conductive aluminum sheets. This
progression is irreversible and provokes the elimination of one capacitive layer thus causing an increase in
the overall capacitance of the bushing. By monitoring the voltage or current on the capacitive tap
(voltage or test tap) of the bushings, it is possible to verify the variation on the capacitance relative
deviation between the phases and identify a possible fault.
Oil Level
The knowledge of oil level is necessary to calculate the total volume of the transformer oil. By comparing
this measured oil volume to the calculated (determined by the oil temperatures), possible oil leaks on the
transformer tank can be detected.
Standard threshold
Voltage
Overvoltage
1 kV
Load current
Temperature
2 C
0,1 %
Power
1 ppm
Combined gases
5 ppm
1 ppm
Ageing rate
0,1 p.u.
Oil level
5%
Oil volume
100 liters
10%
1 position
Main Functions
Bushing relative
Evaluation of bushing insulation condition, based on online and statistical learning.
capacitance deviation
Insulation moisture
Evaluation of oil moisture condition and estimated moisture in paper, including trend analysis.
Load Guide
The system calculates the future expected hot spot with the user defined values and actual operations
conditions, assisting in equipment load management.
Thermal
Evaluation of relative loss of life and relative ageing by ANSI, IEC or ABNT methods.
Cooling System
Checks the adequate cooling system operation by monitoring the load current of the fan groups and
oil/water flow (depending on the cooling system)
Conservator oil
volume
Allows the incipient fault indication before reaching the lowest acceptable level, comparing the
estimated insulating oil volume in the conservator based on the transformer temperatures distribution
with the calculated volume based on the oil level sensor indication.
Cooling Control
Only by defining the desired transformer operation temperature, this model controls the cooling system
calculating the future hot spot as a function of the current loading. Also factored in is the number of
hours of fans and pumps usage, in order to balance the wear of each group (rotational use).
Additionally, the system executes periodical cooling groups exercise.
LTC Monitoring
Monitoring of average and maximum power on each tap change in order to detect alteration on the
motor drive torque. Acceptable limit for each tap position is defined based on learning of tap transitions.
It also calculates the wear of contacts.
Combined dissolved
gas-in-oil
Dissolved gas-in-oil ratios, trends and limit values evaluation, based on an online statistical learning.
Three-gas online
Chromatography
Evaluation and indication of incipient faults using standardized methods, including the Duvals triangle.
Evaluates ratios, trends and limit values, based on an online statistical learning.
Eight-gas online
Chromatography
Evaluation and indication of incipient faults using standardized methods, including the Duvals triangle.
Evaluates ratios, trends and limit values, based on an online statistical learning. Includes the evaluation
of the CO2/CO concentration ratio, for enhanced troubleshooting.
Web Page
In this section, all available pages of the Smart Monitor website are detailed with comments to ease the
system usage. All functions available in the Smart Monitor Software are presented and some may not be
available with the purchased software configuration due to its scope. Smart Monitor web pages are not
automatically refreshed and if necessary the function key F5 can alternatively be used..
When entering or modifying parameters of the system, the exclamation signal (!) may come
up at right of a data field, indicating an improper or out of limits value.. In this case, enter an
appropriated value to proceed.
Selection of the
languages available
for SM web site
To open this initial windows, open
a new web browser tab, type
Smart Monitor IP address or DNS
name (if available within the
intranet) and enter.
If a user does not have a Login and Password, the customer system administrator must be
contacted. Usually SIEMENS provides a initial system administration login/password and then various
users can be created (refer to 2.4). If the customer system administrator does not have a Login and
Password, contact the vendor at Siemens.
2.1.2 Home
Home page provides information for each monitored equipment, the latest active diagnostic and system
event. These messages remain active until they are acknowledged. Diagnostic messages relates to the
transformer condition or status. System Events relates to autodiagnostic of Smart Monitor software and
hardware issues, including sensors or IEDs, communication, cabling and panel (like open door
microswitch or an opened circuit breaker). If there are no active diagnostics and/or system events, No
occurrence caption shall be displayed under the Description column. In case the equipment is on
Maintenance mode (see item 2.2.9 for more details), system indicates Maintenance under Description.
From this page, the user can access the diagnostic/event of any equipment or use the menu on top of
the page to access other pages.
Smart Monitor
status
Menu
After selecting the substation and
transformer denomination, the
rated nameplate and main
characteristics are displayed for
surely identify the unit
Click Confirm to proceed.
Main variables
The screen provides a picture of the equipment with current values of the main variables super imposed
over the transformer picture. This page is automatically updated every minute. The automatic log off
after 5 minutes dont apply here.
Variable
Voltage
Phase-to-ground voltage - HV
kV
Bushing sensor
Voltage
Phase-to-ground voltage - LV
kV
Bushing sensor
Voltage
kV
Bushing sensor
Voltage
kV
Bushing sensor
Voltage
kV
Bushing sensor
Voltage
kV
Bushing sensor
Voltage
kV
Bushing sensor
Voltage
kV
Bushing sensor
Overvoltage
Overvoltage HV
kV
Bushing sensor
Overvoltage
Overvoltage - LV
kV
Bushing sensor
Overvoltage
Overvoltage phase A - LV
kV
Bushing sensor
Overvoltage
Overvoltage phase B - LV
kV
Bushing sensor
Overvoltage
Overvoltage phase C - LV
kV
Bushing sensor
Overvoltage
Overvoltage phase A - HV
kV
Bushing sensor
Overvoltage
Overvoltage phase B - HV
kV
Bushing sensor
Overvoltage
Overvoltage phase C - HV
kV
Bushing sensor
Capacitance
Bushing model
Capacitance
Bushing model
Capacitance
Bushing model
Capacitance
Bushing model
Capacitance
Bushing model
Capacitance
Bushing model
Capacitance
Bushing model
Capacitance
Bushing model
Current
Current HV
Current transducer
Current
Current LV
Current transducer
Current
Tertiary Current
Current transducer
Power
Power
Temperatures
RTD sensor
Temperatures
RTD sensor
Temperatures
RTD sensor
Unity
MVA
Origin
SM Core Module
Temperatures
RTD sensor
Temperatures
RTD sensor
Temperatures
RTD sensor
Temperatures
RTD sensor
Temperatures
Ambient temperature
RTD sensor
Temperatures
Thermal model
Temperatures
Thermal model
Temperatures
Thermal model
Temperatures
FO Direct measurement
Temperatures
FO Direct measurement
Temperatures
FO Direct measurement
Temperatures
Water temperature
RTD sensor
Gas in oil
Hydrogen - H2
ppm
Gas sensor
Gas in oil
Methane - CH4
ppm
Gas sensor
Gas in oil
Acetylene - C2H2
ppm
Gas sensor
Gas in oil
Ethylene - C2H4
ppm
Gas sensor
Gas in oil
Ethane - C2H6
ppm
Gas sensor
Gas in oil
Carbon Monoxide - CO
ppm
Gas sensor
Gas in oil
ppm
Gas sensor
Gas in oil
Oxygen - O2
ppm
Gas sensor
Gas in oil
Nitrogen - N2
ppm
Gas sensor
Gas in oil
ppm
Gas model
Gas in oil
Gas in oil
ppm
Gas sensor
Moisture
Moisture
Oil moisture
Moisture
Gas/moisture sensor
ppm
Moisture model
Moisture model
Moisture
RSoilper_calc
Moisture model
Moisture
Woil_calc
Moisture model
Moisture
Wcell_cold_bot_insul
Moisture model
Moisture
Wcell_cold_top_insul
Moisture model
Moisture
Wcell_bot_cond_insul_surf
Moisture model
Moisture
Wcell_top_cond_insul_surf
Moisture model
Moisture
Moisture model
Moisture
Wcell_top_cond_insul
Moisture model
Moisture
Wcell_avg
Moisture model
Moisture
GPAOIL
bar
Moisture model
Moisture
Temp Bubble
Moisture model
Ageing
p.u.
Thermal model
Ageing
p.u.
Thermal model
Ageing
p.u.
Thermal model
Ageing
Aging hours
Thermal model
Loss of life
p.u.
Thermal model
Loss of life
p.u.
Thermal model
Loss of life
p.u.
Thermal model
DECT
TAP position
Position indicator
Oil level
Oil level
liters
Oil level
liters
LTC
LTC
TAP position
Position indicator
LTC
Current transducer
LTC
RTD sensor
LTC
LTC model
LTC
Moisture sensor
Cooling
Flow sensor
Cooling
Flow sensor
Cooling
Flow sensor
Cooling
Flow sensor
Cooling
Flow sensor
Cooling
Flow sensor
Cooling
Current transducer
Cooling
Current transducer
Cooling
Current transducer
Cooling
Current transducer
Cooling
Current transducer
Cooling
Current transducer
Cooling
SM Core Module
Cooling
SM Core Module
Cooling
SM Core Module
Cooling
SM Core Module
Cooling
SM Core Module
Cooling
SM Core Module
Cooling
Flow sensor
Cooling
Flow sensor
Cooling
Flow sensor
Cooling
Flow sensor
Cooling
Flow sensor
Cooling
Flow sensor
Cooling
SM Core Module
Cooling
SM Core Module
Cooling
SM Core Module
Cooling
SM Core Module
Cooling
SM Core Module
Cooling
SM Core Module
2.2.3 Charts
In the Charts page, the user can select as many variables as needed, using a scrolling menu of all
variables. In order to ease the visualization not more than 3 variables should be selected at a time.
Selecting more than 3 can be useful only for downloading the values to a .csv file.
Selection of other
transformers
Selection of
variables
2.2.5 Diagnostics
This page shows all the Diagnostics issued by the system for this transfomer. Diagnostics are related to
the transformer condition while system events are related to the monitoring hardware and software.
Each engineering model of Smart Monitor analyses accordingly the data available by filtering the raw
data from sensors/IEDs, storing values, performing statistics, learning from previous collected data, trend
calculations, comparison with proven or standardized limits and correlation with other variables. The aim
of the models is to indicate a possible fault or a developing fault as early as possible. In order to detect
these incipient faults sometimes is not possible to avoid false positives. By default, clicking on
Diagnostics link on the side menu, the system will show only the active diagnostics (not yet
acknowledged by any user). To view all diagnostics - active and acknowledged - issued by the system
click on the onscreen Enable filters button and select the box All Diagnostics.
Select the desired period and click the onscreen icon double arrow to perform the search.
To detail each diagnostic, click on View link to open a new window. Here we can find the description of
the diagnostic event, the prognostic or further analysis, recommended actions and if applicable, the
detected trend.
expert technician analysis, some condfigured values can be changed because it can be normal for this
transformer fingerprint.
In case the conditions for a diagnostics persist after the acknowledgement the system will
issue the same diagnostic with values which could be newly calculated.
Generate Report button allow to Open or Save a report of this specific diagnostic.
Choosing Open, the system will open a new window to display the report in .html format, with all the
diagnostic information, including the added comments. To print it, click on the Print link.
LTC sensors
Bushing sensor
Origin
Description
Recommended actions
This event is obtained directly from the bushing sensor and is related to the bushing
conditions. For more details, refer to the sensor manual
This event is obtained directly from the bushing sensor and is related to the bushing
conditions. For more details, refer to the sensor manual.
This event is obtained directly from the bushing sensor and is related to the bushing
conditions. For more details, refer to the sensor manual.
This event is obtained directly from the bushing sensor and is related to the sensor
conditions. For more details, refer to the sensor manual.
Communication failure
with bushing monitoring
device
Ensure that there is communication between local and central panel. In case this
communication is faulty, this event will come up among others. If the communication
is established, verify if the bushing sensor is on and the LEDs of the respective module
on ET200s are blinking. If not, check the wiring and the power supply.
Communication Failure
TM100
Ensure that there is communication between local and central panel. In case this
communication is faulty, this event will come up among others. If the communication
is established, verify if TM100 sensor is on and the LEDs of the respective module on
ET200s are blinking. If not, check the wiring and the power supply.
Turn the respective circuit breaker off and insert an ammeter in series with the ET200s
module that is causing the event. Be careful not to short-circuit the module terminals.
Turn the circuit breaker on and measure the current. If it is out of 4-20mA range, the
sensor may be defective. If it is within this range, the ET200s module may be
defective.
Ensure that there is communication between local and central panel. In case this
communication is faulty, this event will come up among others. If the communication
is established, verify if TM100 sensor is on and the LEDs of the respective module on
ET200s are blinking. If not, check the wiring and the power supply.
Turn the respective circuit breaker off and insert an ammeter in series with the ET200s
module that is causing the event. Be careful not to short-circuit the module terminals.
Turn the circuit breaker on and measure the current. If it is out of 4-20mA range, the
sensor may be defective. If it is within this range, the ET200s module may be
defective.
Verify if the sensor is on and the wiring between the ET200s module and sensor is ok.
If so, turn the respective circuit breaker off and insert an ammeter in series with the
ET200s module that is causing the event. Be careful not to short-circuit the module
terminals. Turn the circuit breaker on and measure the current. If it is below 4mA, the
sensor may be defective. Otherwise there may be a fault on the ET200s module.
Breakers
Make sure there is communication between local and central panel. In case this
communication is faulty, this event will come up among others. If the communication
is established, try to close the circuit breaker. If it goes off again, make sure there is no
short-circuit on the wiring from the circuit breaker and all components on the circuit
are functional.
This event is obtained directly from Hydran and is related to the sensor conditions. For
more details, refer to the sensor manual.
This event is obtained directly from Hydran and is related to the gas in oil conditions.
For more details, refer to the sensor manual.
This event is obtained directly from Hydran and is related to the gas in oil conditions.
For more details, refer to the sensor manual.
This event is obtained directly from Hydran and is related to the moisture in oil
conditions. For more details, refer to the sensor manual.
Verify the pressure of helium cylinder. If it is around 150 psi, it should be replaced.
Communication failure
with gas in oil monitoring
device
Ensure that there is communication between local and central panel. In case this
communication is faulty, this event will come up among others. If the communication
is established, verify if the gas sensor is on and the LEDs of the respective module on
ET200s are blinking. If not, check the wiring and the power supply.
Turn the respective circuit breaker off and insert an ammeter in series with the ET200s
module that is causing the event. Be careful not to short-circuit the module terminals.
Turn the circuit breaker on and measure the current. If it is out of 4 - 20mA range, the
sensor may be defective. If it is within this range, the ET200s module may be
defective.
Verify if the sensor is on and the wiring between the ET200s module and sensor is ok.
If so, turn the respective circuit breaker off and insert an ammeter in series with the
ET200s module that is causing the event. Be careful not to short-circuit the module
Cooling system
sensors
Smart
Monitor
IM151-8
terminals. Turn the circuit breaker on and measure the current. If it is below 4mA, the
sensor may be defective. Otherwise there may be a fault on the ET200s module.
Power relay - Siemens GasGuard
Ensure that there is communication between local and central panel. In case this
communication is faulty, this event will come up among others. If the communication
is established, verify that the power supply of the gas sensor is ok.
This event is obtained directly from Gas Guard and can be related to the sensor or gas
in oil conditions. For more details, the sensor manual shall be verified.
Communication failure
Verify if the local panel door is open. Make sure there is communication between local
and central panel. In case this communication is faulty, this event will come up among
others. If necessary, verify wiring and status of micro-switch responsible for this
alarm.
Turn the respective circuit breaker off and insert an ammeter in series with the ET200s
module that is causing the event. Be careful not to short-circuit the module terminals.
Turn the circuit breaker on and measure the current. If it is out of 4 - 20mA range, the
sensor may be defective. If it is within this range, the ET200s module may be
defective.
Verify if the sensor is on and the wiring between the ET200s module and sensor is ok.
If so, turn the respective circuit breaker off and insert an ammeter in series with the
ET200s module that is causing the event. Be careful not to short-circuit the module
terminals. Turn the circuit breaker on and measure the current. If it is below 4mA, the
sensor may be defective. Otherwise there may be a fault on the ET200s module.
High Pressure
Low Pressure
OLTC blocked
OLTC Overpressure
Transformer Overpressure
Empty Tank
Turn the respective circuit breaker off and insert an ammeter in series with the ET200s
module that is causing the event. Be careful not to short-circuit the module terminals.
Turn the circuit breaker on and measure the current. If it is out of 4 - 20mA range, the
sensor may be defective. If it is within this range, the ET200s module may be
defective.
Turn the respective circuit breaker off and insert an ammeter in series with the ET200s
module that is causing the event. Be careful not to short-circuit the module terminals.
Turn the circuit breaker on and measure the current. If it is out of 4 - 20mA range, the
sensor may be defective. If it is within this range, the ET200s module may be
defective.
Verify if the sensor is on and the wiring between the ET200s module and sensor is ok.
If so, turn the respective circuit breaker off and insert an ammeter in series with the
ET200s module that is causing the event. Be careful not to short-circuit the module
terminals. Turn the circuit breaker on and measure the current. If it is below 4mA, the
sensor may be defective. Otherwise there may be a fault on the ET200s module.
Temperature sensors
Turn the respective circuit breaker off and insert an ammeter in series with the ET200s
module that is causing the event. Be careful not to short-circuit the module terminals.
Turn the circuit breaker on and measure the current. If it is out of 4 - 20mA range, the
sensor may be defective. If it is within this range, the ET200s module may be
defective.
Verify if the sensor is on and the wiring between the ET200s module and sensor is ok.
If so, turn the respective circuit breaker off and insert an ammeter in series with the
ET200s module that is causing the event. Be careful not to short-circuit the module
terminals. Turn the circuit breaker on and measure the current. If it is below 4mA, the
sensor may be defective. Otherwise there may be a fault on the ET200s module.
Moisture sensor
Make sure local panel fan is working properly and the temperature sensor is not
defective. If no problem is found, the cooling of this panel may be redefined.
Turn the respective circuit breaker off and insert an ammeter in series with the ET200s
module that is causing the event. Be careful not to short-circuit the module terminals.
Turn the circuit breaker on and measure the current. If it is out of 4 - 20mA range, the
sensor may be defective. If it is within this range, the ET200s module may be
defective.
Turn the respective circuit breaker off and insert an ammeter in series with the ET200s
module that is causing the event. Be careful not to short-circuit the module terminals.
Turn the circuit breaker on and measure the current. If it is out of 4 - 20mA range, the
sensor may be defective. If it is within this range, the ET200s module may be
defective.
2.2.7 Notes
This function allows the user to record general comments and notes regarding modifications or changes
made to the monitoring system or the monitored equipment. All the comments eventually added to
diagnostics are also available at this section.
2.2.8 Maintenance
If the user clicks on the Start Maintenance button, the Smart Monitor system would be taken off line,
then the user would enter what maintenance activity was performed on the Smart Monitor system. This
function must be used every time an action that may lead to interference with the monitoring system is
being taken. The purpose is to avoid improper alarms and data recording.
2.2.10 Parameters
This page shows the parameters used by Smart Monitor engineering models and also, for authorized
users, the modification of them.
Inadequate modifications of parameters can cause erroneous calculations and diagnostics.
i.
Parameters Transformer
The basic transformer parameters are shown below:
Description
Origin
Un.
Default
Serial number
Nameplate
NA
Technical data
NA
Energization date
date
NA
Nominal voltage
Rated voltage (at center tap) of the transformer HV.
(phase-to-ground)
Nameplate
Used in various models.
HV
kV
NA
Nominal voltage
Nominal voltage of the transformer LV. Used in
(phase-to-ground)
Nameplate
various models.
LV
kV
NA
Nameplate
kV
NA
Nameplate
kV
NA
High Voltage
Current CT Max
Range
NA
High Voltage
Current CT Min
Range
NA
Low Voltage
Current CT Max
Range
NA
Low Voltage
Current CT Min
Range
NA
(*) Specific for CenterPoint project.The ratio is used to estimate the HV line current from LV line measured
current. HV line current is not measured but necessary for the thermal model calculations.
Description
Origin of value
Default
85C
minutes
30 min
minutes
30 min
days
7 days
Customer choice
The default value
is considered low
by Siemens, but
has been adopted
for compatibility
with usual
customer choice.
ii.
Un.
Description
Un.
Default
NA
SIEMENS
Maximum winding
temperature
Limit for the highest (among the windings) hot spot Based on standard
temperature, directly measured or calculated. A recommendation or
diagnostic will be issued as an alert.
customer choice
120C
Maximum aging
rate
Based on standard
recommendation or
customer choice
p.u.
2.7 p.u.
Maximum
accumulated loss of
life
Loss of life prior to
the monitoring
(ABNT NBR, IEC or
IEEE)
Based on standard
recommendation or
customer choice
p.u.
1.2 p.u.
Evaluated by the
customer according
to the standard
p.u.
NA
Origin
Monitoring start
date
Maximum ambient
temperature
date
NA
NA
105C
p.u.
1.3 p.u.
p.u.
1,3 p.u.
Supplied by the
manufacturer.
Should be
mentioned and used
in the heat run test
report.
1.3
Supplied by the
manufacturer or
estimated from the
routine test report..
NA
kW
NA
kW
NA
Choice of the
customer and based
on standards.
Choice of the
Limit of Load factor for issuing a diagnostic. The same
Maximum operation
customer based on
limit is applicable to HV, LV and tertiary currents of each
overload
technical design and
cooling mode.
operational pratices
Maximum top oil
temperature
Maximum design
overload
Winding Eddy
Losses (HV, LV or
Tertiary)
IEEE
Paper type
NA
iii.
Reference losses
Description
Rated total losses at which other parameters are
referenced. Used in the Dynamic Loading Guide
to estimate the cooling system average oil
temperature rise over ambient in steady state
load.
Used in the Dynamic Loading Guide to estimate
the average temperature rise over ambient of
the cooling system in steady state for the new
load.
Used in the Dynamic Loading Guide to estimate
the ongoing cooling system average temp. oil
rise over ambient by the transitory thermal
model.
Origin of value
Un.
Default
Equipment heat
run test
kW
NA
Standard IEEE
C57.911995/2002
ONAN: 0,8
ONAF: 0,9
ODAF: 1,0
Extracted from
heat run test
report or
calculated acc.
Standards and
weights from
nameplate.
minutes
NA
NA
NA
ONAN: 0,8
ONAF: 0,8
ODAF: 1,0
minutes
NA
NA
NA
NA
Standard IEEE
C57.911995/2002
Extracted from
heat run test
report. Can be
also estimated as
1/5 of the oil time
constant.
thermal model.
NA
NA
NA
iv.
Maximum current
Minimum current
Period for
maintenance
Number
v.
Description
Maximum cooling group normal current. In general
close to the rated current of each fan times the number
of fans. It can be evaluated on-site and an adequate
tolerance be added in order to guarantee a correct
diagnostic without false positives. A diagnostic will be
issued if the measured value is above this limit.
Can be calculated by subtracting the current of one fan
from the evaluated minimum current of the group of
fans during on-site measurements. A diagnostic will be
issued if the group current is lower than this limit.
Partial operation time of the group of fans which
requires maintenance action. A diagnostic will be
issued.
Number of fans per group.
Origin
Un.
Default
Technical data of
equipment
NA
Technical data of
equipment
NA
Technical data of
equipment
hour
30000 hours
NA
Origin of value
Un.
Default
Customer choice
based on
Standards
120C
Customer choice
based on
Standards
hour
2 hours
Customer choice
NA
Description
2.4.1 User
This item is only available for users with Administrator privileges.
On this item, it is possible to add new users of the system, search existent users, include email address for
notification of diagnostics and system events and change the level of access for existing users.
The figure below illustrates the fields that can be used to refine a search. After defining the search
criterion, click on Refine list. To visualize all existent enabled users, choose Enable on Status and click on
Refine list without adding any other search criterion.
Click here to
execute the search
Administrator: Has the Monitor rights. Additionally can create or delete users and change
equipments (item 2.4.3).
On Password and Password confirmation fields enter the password according to the following Standards:
The first letter must be capital.
Must contain at least one numeric character.
Must contain at least one symbol within dot (.), comma (,) and asterisk (*).
Examples:
Aaa11.aa
Peter.123
E-mails list: e-mail addresses which will receive the notification whenever there is a new diagnostic/event
available or there is a diagnostic acknowledgement. To include more than one address use comma (,) to
separate them.
E-mail notification box: The user can be enabled or disabled for receiving the notifications e-mails.
Finally, choose whether the password shall expire or not on the selection box Does the password expire?
If Yes is chosen, the password will expire in 90 days.
After entering all data, click on Save.
The Access to the database of the system is legally limited to five (5) users. Above this limit,
it is necessary to acquire additional licenses.
2.4.3 Status
This item is useful when eventual maintenance or remote access is required. Under normal operation, the
status on the first line will display Waiting for next solicitation and on the second line it will show Active.
Sensors 3-1
Sensors
3.1 Temperatures
3.1.1 Pt100 (ambient temperature)
It consists in a RTD sensor (Resistance Thermometer Detector), 100 Ohm at 0 C type, encapsulated in a
steel tube. Installed inside Smart Monitor panel.
-40C to +100C
RTD Analog
IP65
Sensors 3-2
-50C to +300C
80mm
RTD analog
IP55
Sensors 3-3
Sensors 3-4
MCR-SL-S-100-I-LP
Phoenix Contact
24VDC
-20C to +60C
30 600Hz
50, 75 and 100A with a switch selector
Analog 4..20mA
<1%
<340ms
IP20
Hardware 4-1
Hardware
4.1 IM151-8 PN/DP CPU Interface
The IM 151-8 PN/DP CPU interface module is an "intelligent preprocessor for TMDS software". It
decentralizes control tasks, has all the PLC functionalities and can be integrated to ET200S I/O system
modules.
Hardware 4-2
Description
RJ45 socket (port 1 of the PROFINET)
R: Ring port for creation of ring topology with media redundancy.
RJ45 socket (port 2 of the PROFINET interface)
R: Ring port for creation of ring topology with media redundancy.
Status and error displays of the IM 151-8 PN/DP CPU interface module
The Figure 4-1 and the Table 4-1 show a general view of IM151-8. The table 4-2 and 4-3 present the mode
select settings and the error leds.
Table 4-2 Mode selector switch settings.
Posicin
Description
RUN
The IM 151-8 PN/DP CPU interface module processes the user program.
STOP
The IM 151-8 PN/DP CPU interface module does not process the user program
MRES
Table 4-3 General status and error displays of the IM 151-8 PN/DP CPU interface module.
LED
Color
Description
SF
Red
BF-PN
Red
MT
ON
Yellow
Green
FRCE
Yellow
RUN
Green
STOP
Yellow
Note: engineering configuration issues are not included once the system has already worked before.
Hardware 4-3
6ES7151-8AB01-0AB0
Siemens AG
24VDC
192kB
2MB
10...100Mbps
MPI/DP and PROFINET
RJ-45 (female)
0..20mA / 4..20mA
RTD
Input
output
Modbus RTU
Modbus ASCII
24VDC
-
Module Name
2AI
2RTD
4DI
4DO
USS
ACSII
PM-E
DP Master
Input / Output
2
2
4
4
1
1
1
Hardware 4-4
Designation
Description
1
2
3
4
24 VDC
DVI/VGA
USB
PN/IND. ETHERNET
PN/IND. ETHERNET
PROFIBUS DP/MPI
PROFIBUS DP/MPI interface (RS 485 electrically isolated), 9-pin D-Sub socket.
COM1
PE Terminal
Hardware 4-5
SIEMENS
810-1733-00 Rev A
Table of Contents
Customer Information............................................................................................................................................ 3
Transformer Information ................................................................................................................................................ 4
Transformer Oil ................................................................................................................................................................ 4
Required Photographs..................................................................................................................................................... 4
Product Overview................................................................................................................................................... 5
Environmental Conditions .................................................................................................................................... 6
Items Needed for Installation................................................................................................................................ 7
Configured Items ............................................................................................................................................................. 8
Optional Accessories ....................................................................................................................................................... 8
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Table of Figures
Figure 1: Oil circulation and gas extraction schematic ...................................................................................... 5
Figure 2: Installation schematic............................................................................................................................. 9
Figure 3: Oil Supply Port Assy............................................................................................................................ 10
Figure 4: Installed bleed fixture .......................................................................................................................... 11
Figure 5: GAS-Guard and mounting stand ....................................................................................................... 12
Figure 6: GAS-Guard wall mount....................................................................................................................... 13
Figure 7: Junction Box panel................................................................................................................................ 15
Figure 8: Overall dimensions .............................................................................................................................. 19
Figure 9: Concrete pad dimensions .................................................................................................................... 20
Figure 10: Wire termination drawing................................................................................................................. 21
Figure 11: Shipping containers............................................................................................................................ 24
Table of Tables
Table 1: Customer information form.................................................................................................................... 3
Table 2: Transformer information form ............................................................................................................... 4
Table 3: Transformer oil information form.......................................................................................................... 4
Table 4: Required photographs checklist............................................................................................................. 4
Table 5: Items shipped............................................................................................................................................ 7
Table 6: Configured Items...................................................................................................................................... 8
Table 7: Optional Accessories................................................................................................................................ 8
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Customer Information
In order to facilitate installation of your GAS-Guard, please fill out the following customer
information form and mail, fax, or e-mail it to:
mail:
Serveron Corporation
Attn: Customer Support
3305 NW Aloclek
Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA
fax:
+1 (503) 924-3290
e-mail:
support@serveron.com
Customer Information
Company
Installation Site
Site Address
City
State
Zip
Country
State
Zip
Country
Primary Contact
Title
Address
City
Phone
Mobile
Fax
Pager
Secondary Contact
Title
Address
City
State
Zip
Phone
Mobile
Fax
Country
Pager
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810-1733-00 Rev A
Transformer Information
Make:
Type:
Year:
Years in Service:
kVA Rating:
kV Rating:
conservator
nitrogen blanketed
other:
Transformer Oil
gallons
Oil Capacity:
liters
Manufacturer:
Certified PCB free:
Type:
yes
no
Table 3: Transformer oil information form
Required Photographs
Attach photographs of the following items and illustrate them in the space provided:
Control Panel
Mounting location of
GAS-Guard
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Product Overview
This section describes the basic operational essentials for the Siemens GAS-Guard and the most
common methods of collecting data.
The GAS-Guard technology from Siemens is a remotely deployed laboratory grade gas
chromatograph which can be safely installed on an energized or non-energized transformer.
The purpose of this Gas-Guard is to detect and measure fault gases found in electrical power
transformers insulating oil. The GAS-Guard is designed and constructed to resist
environmental conditions relevant to a transformer substation.
The GAS-Guard is a precision device. The heart of the GAS-Guard is a specially constructed gas
chromatograph designed to measure fault gases. Siemens offers two versions of products,
application dependant. The GAS-Guard 8 measures eight IEEE recommend fault gaseshydrogen (H2), oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4),
ethylene (C2H4), ethane (C2H6), and acetylene (C2H2). The GAS-Guard 3 measures the three
Duval Triangle fault gases- methane (CH4), ethylene (C2H4), and acetylene (C2H2). The GASGuard may be used on conservator or nitrogen blanketed transformers; however, in all cases the
sample of gas is extracted directly from the oil within the transformer.
Oil is circulated from the transformer to the GAS-Guard, and then returned to the transformer
through -inch O.D. stainless steel tubing. Stainless steel tubing is used in conjunction with
compression fittings to minimize the risk of leaks. The GAS-Guard is outfitted with an internal
gas extraction system which removes dissolved gases from the circulating transformer oil.
Helium is used as a carrier gas to help transport the extracted sample gases through the gas
chromatograph. The oil circulation and gas extraction paths in the GAS-Guard are shown
below.
Data is collected in the GAS-Guard each time a gas chromatograph (GC) analysis is completed.
The GC analysis takes approximately 40 minutes. Once an analysis has been completed, the
optional Serveron Monitoring Service (SMS) or GAS-Guard View software can be used to view
the GAS-Guards data. The GAS-Guard is set up to perform a sample analysis once every four
hours (default). All data captured during an analysis is stored on compact flash memory within
the GAS-Guard. The compact flash memory holds approximately (2) years of data. The GASGuard View software or Serveron Monitoring Service (SMS) will allow the end user to track the
gas ppm levels over time and monitor the gas levels against user defined caution and alarm
settings.
The GAS-Guard includes Ambient Temperature and LoadGuide sensing devices. An optional
Oil Moisture and Temperature sensor is
available along with spare 4-20ma inputs for
use with other external devices. External
sensor information can also be correlated
with fault gas information to allow a
Oil
Gas
Gas Chromatograph
Side
Side
complete diagnostic overview of the
transformers condition.
Gas supply to GC
Gas supply to GC
Gas Extractor
Unit
Oil Return to
Transformer
Oil Supply from
Transformer
810-1733-00 Rev A
Environmental Conditions
The GAS-Guard 8 and GAS-Guard 3 are designed to operate within the following outdoor
conditions:
Altitude up to 4572 m
Installation Category II
Pollution Degree 2
Please note that the altitude, humidity, and temperature ranges indicated are considered
extended environmental conditions from the minimum ranges required by UL 61010-1, Clause
1.4.1.
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Description
140-0170-XX
Sunshield
250-0130-XX
250-0144-XX
252-0013-XX
253-0066-XX
254-0075-XX
270-0004-XX
290-0017-XX
290-0021-XX
291-0014-XX
292-0018-XX
(1) Helium Regulator, high purity, for cylinder valve type CGA-580
300-0004-XX
456-0022-XX
456-0023-XX
456-0026-XX
610-0110-XX
610-0121-XX
750-0088-XX
750-0089-XX
900-0080-00
900-0081-00
900-0083-00
900-0084-00
900-0053-XX
910-0025-XX
Includes Users Manual, Site Prep, Install, Ops & Maintenance Guides
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Configured Items
Part #
Description
900-0064-XX
900-0059-XX
610-0179-XX
610-0180-XX
610-0181-XX
900-0063-XX
610-0182-XX
610-0183-XX
610-0184-XX
900-0057-XX
900-0066-XX
Optional Accessories
Part #
Description
900-0082-XX
900-0058-XX
900-0060-XX
900-0085-XX
900-0062-XX
900-0067-XX
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Providing power
LoadGuide
Ordering Helium
Site Checklist
9 of 24
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2)
Verify the port valve is closed and remove any plugs or caps securing the end of the
port
3)
Thoroughly clean the inside of the port of any residue or pipe sealing compound
4)
5)
6)
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810-1733-00 Rev A
2)
Verify the port valve is closed and remove any plugs or caps closing the end of the
port
3)
Thoroughly clean the inside of the port of any residue or pipe sealing compound
4)
5)
Acquire necessary fittings to attach the bleed fixture to the oil return port
Note: The Bleed Fixture is designed to fit on a 2 NPT nipple. When using the Bleed
Fixture, adapt the oil return port to accommodate a 2NPT female thread.
6)
Secure the bleed fixture to the oil return port using Teflon tape or pipe dope
Siemens does not recommend sampling oil from cooling loops or pressurized oil
passages; doing so may void the warranty.
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Mounting Stand
The Mounting Stand is a post style, requiring some assembly, and is intended to be mounted to
a concrete pad. The hardware required for assembly and fastening to the concrete pad are
included. Figure 5 illustrates a typical mounting. See the appendix for mounting and layout
dimensions. For stand assembly, refer to the GAS-Guard Installation Guide, part #
810-1732-XX.
2)
3)
Remove the stand and drill four 3/8-inch x 3-inch deep holes
in the marked locations
4)
5)
Position the stand over the four mounting bolts and secure
the stand checking to make sure the stand is plumb and level
6)
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810-1733-00 Rev A
2)
3)
Measure up from the center of the bottom rung 19.85-inches and mark the mounting
location for the second rung.
4)
SIEMENS
GAS-Guard 8
Providing power
The GAS-Guard has a built-in AC to DC power converter and surge protector capable of
utilizing 115 or 230 VAC 15% (50/60Hz); 6A max. @ 115 V; 3A max @ 230V.
NOTE: Siemens recommends installing a properly rated and marked switch or
circuit breaker in close proximity to the GAS-Guard as a mains voltage
disconnect device.
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Junction Box
RS-232
RS-485
Auxiliary 12VDC, 1A max. (isolated)
15 of 24
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LoadGuide
The GAS-Guard LoadGuide can be used to correlate transformer load to transformer gassing.
The LoadGuide sensor consists of a current clamp that is placed over a 0 to 5 amp high or low
side CT. It is important that the CT give a good representation of total transformer load.
Transformer load will be displayed on a relative scale with 0 indicating no load and 100%
indicating full load. The standard cable length is 8 ft. Additional cable of 22 AWG or larger can
be added to the LoadGuide sensor cable if required.
Helium Cylinder
The helium gas cylinder should be securely mounted to the GAS-Guard mounting stand or
some other permanent surface. A mounting bracket that meets all compressed gas cylinder
restraining requirements is provided. Siemens also provides the necessary 1/8-inch O.D. SStubing to connect the helium cylinder to the GAS-Guard.
Ordering Helium
Helium carrier gas is vital to the performance of the chromatograph within the GAS-Guard.
Using helium that does not meet the described specifications will substantially reduce the life of
the GAS-Guard and void the warranty. See the appendix for ordering information.
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810-1733-00 Rev A
Make sure tubing will not interfere with regular maintenance of the transformer
Route tubing so that it will not be tripped over or damaged by activities in the
vicinity of the transformer
If the length of the oil supply or return path exceeds 20-feet, a 1/4-inch stainless steel
union will have to be purchased and on site at the time of installation
It is recommended that your tubing be secured every 2~4-feet using stainless steel
cable ties or other adequate clamps
Carefully measure the predetermined tubing route from the transformer oil supply port to the
GAS-Guard. Take into consideration any corners or other obstacles that may add to the overall
length of tubing. Tubing is typically supplied in 20-foot lengths and will require a union if any
section exceeds 20-feet. Determine the number of 20-foot lengths and unions required for the
installation. If the overall tubing length exceeds 50-feet supply and return contact Siemens for
assistance.
Tubing and fittings must be on site the day of installation. See the appendix for ordering
information.
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810-1733-00 Rev A
Site Checklist
The following is a checklist that will help ensure that all the proper steps have been completed.
The transformer oil supply valve (GAS-Guard oil supply port) and the transformer oil
return valve (GAS-Guard oil return port) have been selected
Bleed fixture and oil supply fittings installed (additional fittings required if Oil
Moisture sensor is to be installed)
Power is present and available at the installation site for the GAS-Guard
Communication is available to the GAS-Guard
A cylinder of chromatographic grade helium (99.9999% pure with < 0.2 ppm of H2O)
has been purchased and is on location
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Appendix
GAS-Guard Dimensions
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Notes:
(Red)
He Pressure Switch(optional) Helium NC
From Analyzer
Power Relay
RS232
Communication Cable (gray)
PN # 610-0181-00 (3.5ft)
PN # 610-0184-00 (23ft)
RS485
Internal Modem
12V@1A
AC Power Cable (black 3-wire)
PN # 610-0179-00 (2ft)
PN # 610-0182-00 (23ft)
Communication Cable
Violet - Not Used
White - Not Used
GND (White/Red)
SGND (Black)
+24vdc (Violet)
Input (White/Violet)
+24vdc (Orange)
Input (White/Orange)
+24vdc (White)
Input (White/Black/BRN)
LoadGuide (Brown)
AGND (Blue)
COM (Yellow)
NC (Grey)
NO (Green)
COM(White/Yellow)
NC (White/Grey)
NO (White/Green)
TXD (Yellow)
RXD (White/Yellow)
RTS(Green)
CTS (White/Green)
DCD(White/Violet)
DSR (WhiteGrey)
RI (White/Red)
DTR(Grey)
GND(White/Black)
TXA (-) (White/Brown)
TXB (+) (Brown)
RCVA (-) (White/Orange)
RCVB (+) (Orange)
GND (White/Black/BRN)
RING (Blue)
TIP (White/Blue)
+12V (Red)
12V GND (Black)
2
3
4
5
User
Defined
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Communications
Input/Outputs
13
14
15
User
Defined
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
LINE (Brown)
25
NEUTRAL (Blue)
26
27
AC Power
Sensor Cable
White/Black - Not Connected
White/Brown - Not Connected
White/Blue - Not Connected
21 of 24
810-1733-00 Rev A
Cylinder Size:
Depending on vendor,
cylinder size is indicated
by:
Cylinder Material:
High-pressure steel
CGA 580
Helium Suppliers
(800) 772-9247
www.praxair.com
www.airgas.com
22 of 24
810-1733-00 Rev A
Order Information:
Stainless steel is the only material that should be used with the GASGuard; the use of any other tubing material will VOID the warranty
of your GAS-Guard.
Tubing Suppliers
www.swagelok.com
See website for local sales contact number
23 of 24
810-1733-00 Rev A
Shipping Containers
GAS-Guard
24 of 24
SIEMENS
810-1732-00 Rev A
Table of Contents
Product Overview ...................................................................................................................................................4
Product Symbols......................................................................................................................................................5
Environmental Conditions .....................................................................................................................................6
Items Needed for Installation ................................................................................................................................7
Items Shipped ................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Configured Items.............................................................................................................................................................. 9
Optional Accessories........................................................................................................................................................ 9
Oil Connections..................................................................................................................................................18
Inline Oil Filters .............................................................................................................................................................. 18
Oil Plumbing................................................................................................................................................................... 19
External Sensors.................................................................................................................................................28
Oil Moisture and Temperature Connections.............................................................................................................. 28
Ambient Temperature ................................................................................................................................................... 28
LoadGuide (750-0058-XX) ............................................................................................................................................. 28
Relays ..................................................................................................................................................................29
Mounting Stand Assembly Drawing ..............................................................................................................30
Installation Checklist.........................................................................................................................................31
Forms.......................................................................................................................................................................32
Verification Cylinder Data Sheet.....................................................................................................................32
2 of 32
810-1732-00 Rev A
Table of Figures
Figure 1: Installation schematic ...........................................................................................................................11
Figure 2: Stand Post...............................................................................................................................................12
Figure 3: Stand Assembly.....................................................................................................................................13
Figure 4: Junction Box Installation ......................................................................................................................14
Figure 5: Oil Cooler mounting.............................................................................................................................15
Figure 6: GAS-Guard mounting ..........................................................................................................................16
Figure 7: Sunshield mounting..............................................................................................................................17
Figure 8: Oil Filter Housing .................................................................................................................................18
Figure 9: Bleed Fixture and Siemens Oil Return Valve ....................................................................................19
Figure 10: Sample port/Secondary Shutoff Assy. ............................................................................................20
Figure 11: Top-Oil (Moisture/Temperature) Sensor Fixture ..........................................................................21
Figure 12: Transmitter Unit..................................................................................................................................22
Figure 13: Mounting Base.....................................................................................................................................22
Figure 14: Helium Dryer.......................................................................................................................................23
Figure 15: Helium Regulator................................................................................................................................24
Figure 16: Installed Verification Cylinder..........................................................................................................25
Figure 17: Wiring Terminations...........................................................................................................................27
Table of Tables
Table 1: Product Symbols .......................................................................................................................................5
Table 2: Items Shipped............................................................................................................................................8
Table 3: Configured Items ......................................................................................................................................9
Table 4: Optional Accessories ................................................................................................................................9
Table 5: Oil Moisture and Temperature connections .......................................................................................28
Table 6: Verification cylinder datasheet .............................................................................................................32
3 of 32
810-1732-00 Rev A
Product Overview
The Siemens GAS-Guard 8 and GAS-Guard 3 are on-line laboratory-grade gas chromatographs which
can safely be installed on an energized or non-energized transformer. The GAS-Guard detects and
measures fault gases found in the oil of power transformers. The GAS-Guard is designed and
constructed to resist the environmental conditions typical of a power substation or generation facility.
CAUTION: Do not attempt to install your Siemens GAS-Guard until you have read and
fully understand the procedures outlined in this document.
4 of 32
810-1732-00 Rev A
Product Symbols
The following symbols are used throughout the GAS-Guard or accessories. They are defined by the
International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC 878 and IEC 417A. It is important for safety reasons to
have an understanding of their representation.
Voltage Output
Voltage Input
Fuse
High Voltage
Caution: Refer to GAS-Guard Installation Guide and accompanying
documentation.
Protective earth (ground)
V~
H
L
__I__
O
WARNING statements in this manual identify conditions or practices that could result in personal
injury.
CAUTION statements in this manual identify conditions or practices that could result in damage to the
equipment or other property.
NOTE statements provide additional important information.
5 of 32
810-1732-00 Rev A
Environmental Conditions
The GAS-Guard 8 and GAS-Guard 3 are designed to operate within the following outdoor conditions:
Altitude up to 4572 m
Humidity Range 5% to 95%
Temperature Range -50C to 55C
Installation Category II
Pollution Degree 2
Please note that the altitude, humidity, and temperature ranges indicated are considered extended
environmental conditions from the minimum ranges required by UL 61010-1, Clause 1.4.1.
6 of 32
810-1732-00 Rev A
7 of 32
810-1732-00 Rev A
Items Shipped
Part #
Description
140-0170-XX
Sunshield
250-0130-XX
250-0144-XX
252-0013-XX
253-0066-XX
254-0075-XX
270-0004-XX
290-0017-XX
290-0021-XX
291-0014-XX
292-0018-XX
(1) Helium Regulator, high purity, for cylinder valve type CGA-580
300-0004-XX
456-0022-XX
456-0023-XX
456-0026-XX
610-0110-XX
610-0121-XX
750-0088-XX
750-0089-XX
900-0080-00
900-0081-00
900-0083-00
900-0084-00
900-0053-XX
910-0025-XX
Includes Users Manual, Site Prep, Install, Ops & Maintenance Guides
8 of 32
810-1732-00 Rev A
Configured Items
Part #
Description
900-0064-XX
900-0059-XX
610-0179-XX
610-0180-XX
610-0181-XX
900-0063-XX
610-0182-XX
610-0183-XX
610-0184-XX
900-0057-XX
900-0066-XX
Optional Accessories
Part #
Description
900-0058-XX
900-0060-XX
900-0085-XX
900-0062-XX
900-0067-XX
900-0082-XX
9 of 32
810-1732-00 Rev A
A 0-5 Amp CT winding has been identified on the transformer for the LoadGuide sensor
All shipped items and configurable accessories have been located
Electrical conduit and enclosures have been installed (as required)
10 of 32
810-1732-00 Rev A
Installation Procedures
Installation consists of completing the following steps:
Oil Connections
Gas Connections
Cable Connections
External Sensors
Relays
Installation Checklist
Serveron
Supply/Sample Shutoff
Port
SampleOil
Port/Secondary
Valve
Assy 456-0023-XX
456-0023-XX
Serveron Optional
Oil Supply Port
Secondary Oil Supply
Assy.
456-0026-XX
Valve
456-0024-XX
Transformer
Tank
Helium Dryer
270-0004-XX
Oil return line to
transformer " SS tubing
Serveron Bleed
Bleed Fixture
Fixture 900-0053-XX
Electrical Panel
900-0053-XX
Helium Tank
& Regulator
Serveron
Oil Return
Oil Return
Assy.
Assembly 456-0022-XX
456-0022-XX
Analyzer Stand
Stand 900-0057-XX
AC
ACPower
Mainscable,
power cable
Communications cable
Communications
(Ethernet,phone)
phone)
(Ethernet,
Transformer Pad
11 of 32
810-1732-00 Rev A
2)
Position the stand on the transformer pad. The mounting location should have been
determined during completion of the GAS-Guard Site Preparation Guide
3)
Use the stand as a template and mark the four mounting holes
onto the pad. Orientation of the four mounting holes is not
important.
4)
Temporarily move the stand and using a hammer drill, drill a 3/8in x 3-in (7.6 cm) deep hole at each of the marked locations.
5)
6)
Reposition the stand over the four anchors and install a flatwasher, split-washer and 3/8-in nut onto each of the four anchors
and tighten evenly.
7)
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810-1732-00 Rev A
Locate stand hardware, items 2-through-16 (refer to the Mounting Stand Assembly Drawing
in the back of the guide) and assemble the stand per the figure below.
2)
Attach (1) item 5, channel using (1) item 4, U-bolt assembly with (2) item 9, lock washer to
the stand approx 3-in (7.6 cm) from the top. Using a 9/16-in deep socket and a level secure
the items to stand without over-tightening ensuring the channel is 5 of plumb. (Note:
Over-tightening will crush the aluminum post.)
3)
On the back side of the stand, mark from the top of the U-bolt assembly 20-in down and
attach (1) item 5, channel using (1) item 4, U-bolt assembly with (2) item 9, lock washer to
post. (Note: Do not fully tighten the lower U-bolts to the stand until the GAS-Guard is installed and
secured.)
4)
Attach (2) item 2, spring nut in top channel using (2) item 3, fully threaded bolt.
5)
6)
Attach (2) item 13, mounting strap using (4) items 14, 15 and 16, screw, lock washer and nut.
7)
Attach items 11 and 12, helium support bracket and strap using (4) items 6, 7 and 9 bolt,
washer and nut.
If the optional oil cooler was purchased proceed to the Junction Box Mounting section. If
the oil cooler was not purchased continue with step (9).
9)
Position (1) 291-0014-XX helium dryer mounting clip provided with the Gas-Guard
hardware to the outside mounting strap item 13, lower through hole. Attach the clip to the
strap using (1) 253-0066-XX screw and (1) 252-0013-XX nut contained in the GAS-Guard
hardware. (Note: If a Junction Box will not be installed, attach the second 291-0014-XX using
(1) 253-0066-XX and (1) 252-0013-XX, to the second through hole from the top of item 13
outside mounting strap)
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810-1732-00 Rev A
Remove the Junction Box from the shipping container taking care not to damage the cable
glands protruding form the bottom of Junction Box.
2)
Attach the Junction Box to the stand mounting straps as illustrated in figure 4. Use the
mounting hardware included with the Junction Box.
3)
Attach (1) helium dryer mounting clip 291-0014-XX using the Junction Box hardware to top
right mounting position.
14 of 32
810-1732-00 Rev A
Remove the oil cooler from its shipping container and verify all parts are accounted for.
2)
Mount the oil cooler to the upper GAS-Guard stand mounting bolts. The oil cooler will be
secured using the same hardware used to secure the GAS-Guard.
3)
Position (1) 291-0014-XX helium dryer mounting clip to the predrilled and tapped hole
located on the upper right hand side of the cooler. Attach the clip to the cooler using
(1) 253-0066-XX screw contained in the GAS-Guard hardware. Position (1) 291-0014-XX
helium dryer mounting clip to the predrilled and tapped hole located on the lower right
hand side of the cooler. Attach the clip using (1) 253-0066-XX screw contained in the GASGuard hardware. Discard (2) 252-0013-XX nuts contained in the GAS-Guard mounting
hardware.
CAUTION: If the oil cooler will not be mounted to the transformer pad mount stand, the oil
cooler must still be secured by the cooler frame. Oil line fittings and oil tubing can not support
cooler weight.
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810-1732-00 Rev A
Remove the GAS-Guard from the shipping container taking care not to damage the ambient
temperature sensor or cable glands protruding from the bottom of the GAS-Guard
enclosure.
2)
Attach the GAS-Guard using the stand mounting bolts item 3 and secure with items 7 and 9,
lock washer and nut provided with the stand hardware.
3)
Position the lower channel so the spring nuts are in-line with the GAS-Guard mounting
tabs. Loosely secure the GAS-Guard using (2) items 6, 8 and 9, bolts, lock washer and
washer to the spring nuts.
4)
Using a 9/16-in deep socket, tighten the lower channel on the post. (Note: Over-tightening
will crush the aluminum post.)
5)
Verify GAS-Guard is plumb and level, within 5 and all mounting hardware is tight.
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810-1732-00 Rev A
The GAS-Guard is mounted a minimum of 12-in (30.5 cm) above any possible water level.
2)
3)
Locate the sunshield and the (4) 10x32 retaining screws, part # 253-0066-XX, included in the
GAS-Guard hardware.
2)
3)
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810-1732-00 Rev A
Oil Connections
There are several steps that must be followed specifically when connecting the oil supply and return
lines.
The GAS-Guard must be connected to the transformers main tank in two locations. The first
connection supplies oil from the transformer to the GAS-Guard (Oil Supply Port). The second
connection returns oil from the GAS-Guard back to the transformer (Oil Return Port). Refer to the Site
Preparation Guide for recommended transformer oil connection locations.
To guard against oil leaks, Extra High Density, 1.45 SG or higher Teflon tape (PTFE) or Teflon paste
should be applied to all NPT-type connections prior to assembly.
CAUTION: Ensure all fittings, valves, and fixtures are clean prior to installing. De-burr all
tubing ends prior to swaging on fittings.
CAUTION: Oil lines, valves, and fixtures are not a step! Make sure all tubing is positioned out
of the way of any foot traffic or maintenance areas on or around the transformer.
2)
3)
Install the filter in the oil line with the flow direction orientated correctly.
4)
810-1732-00 Rev A
Oil Plumbing
Locate the two bulkhead fittings for oil connections labeled Oil In and Oil Out on the left side of
the GAS-Guard.
1)
Secure the Oil Supply Port Assy, 456-0026-XX to the transformer oil supply port/Top-Oil
(moisture/temperature) fixture. Please see the Top-Oil (moisture/temperature) section for
fixture specifications.
2)
Attach the Bleed Fixture 900-0053-XX or the customer supplied bleed fixture to the
transformer oil return port specified in the Site Preparation Guide.
3)
Secure the Oil Return Valve assembly 456-0022-XX to the Bleed Fixture.
4)
Using -in stainless steel tubing, join the oil supply fitting and the oil return valve assembly
to their respective Oil In and Oil Out bulk-head fittings on the GAS-Guard.
5)
Using the supplied helium and regulator, purge fitted oil lines with helium for one minute
prior to final tubing connection to the GAS-Guard.
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810-1732-00 Rev A
6)
Select a convenient location no higher than 6 feet (183 cm) above ground level to mount the
Siemens Sample port/Shut-off valve assembly 456-0023-XX.
Note: The sample port/shut-off valve is used when performing manual DGA testing or for
stopping oil supply to the GAS-Guard.
20 of 32
810-1732-00 Rev A
Install the male nipple and Tee to the transformer oil supply port with the Tee orientation as
required.
2)
Reduce the straight-through port on the Tee to -in FNPT and the 90 port to -in FNPT.
3)
4)
5)
Install the -in ball valve that comes with the Oil Moisture and Temperature sensor on the
-in x 2-in nipple.
For proper installation of the Oil Moisture and Temperature sensor, it is important for the nipple
connecting the Tee to the -in ball be no longer than required. Once the assembly is built, ensure the
tip of the Oil Moisture and Temperature sensor is in the oil flow.
Transformer Base
Serveron
Oil Supply
Adapter
Oil supply
Port Assy
1/4"
Tube x 1/4" MNPT
456-0026-00
250-0138-XX
810-1732-00 Rev A
Transmitter Unit
Mounting Base
There are a few options to mount the transmitter unit depending on the valve location in which the
sensor will be installed. The transmitter unit is secured with two 3-mm hex screws to the mounting
base. If the installation of the sensor is
conducive to having the mounting base
attached to a structure (control cabinet,
junction box, channel, etc.), the transmitter
unit can be detached from the mounting
based using a 3-mm hex driver, refer to
figure 12. In the event the transmitter unit
can not be hard mounted to a support
structure, the transmitter unit can be
secured via cable ties to the oil supply
tubing.
3mm hex screws to remove transmitter unit
from mounting base
Once the transmitter unit is removed from the mounting base, the base can be hard mounted. If the
transmitter unit is installed unprotected in an outside
environment (-55 to 60C), ensure the orientation of the
connections are facing in the downward direction, refer to
figure 13.
810-1732-00 Rev A
Gas Connections
Two gas sources must be connected to the GAS-Guard- Helium and Verification gas.
CAUTION: Use of helium other than 99.9999% pure research or chromatographic grade with
less than 0.2-ppm H2O content will VOID the GAS-Guard warranty.
WARNING: When full, the helium gas cylinder is pressured to greater than 2000psi (138 bar).
Helium is regulated to 80psi (5.5 bar), nominal, before entering the GAS-Guard. Always follow
Compressed Gas Association (CGA) guidelines when handling and transporting compressed
gases.
23 of 32
810-1732-00 Rev A
1)
Install the provided helium regulator onto the helium cylinder. Do not use Teflon tape or pipe
dope.
2)
3)
Orient the helium cylinder so that the gauge on the regulator can be clearly seen.
4)
Mount the helium dryer to the stand in the vertical orientation as indicated in figure 14,
using the supplied retaining clips 291-0014-XX.
5)
Install one end of the 10-ft stainless steel tubing onto the regulator.
6)
Verify the helium regulator shutoff valve is closed and slowly turn the valve located on top
of the helium cylinder fully counterclockwise (open).
7)
Slowly turn helium regulator shutoff valve counterclockwise (open) until helium begins to
flow. At this point, gas should be escaping from the stainless steel tubing.
CAUTION: Do not open the regulator shutoff valve completely to regulate the helium flow.
8)
Leaving the helium flowing, attach the other end of the 10-ft. tubing to the top of the helium
dryer.
9)
While the helium is continuing to flow, install the one end of the 10-in stainless steel tubing
onto the bottom of the helium dryer.
10) Let the helium continue to purge through the dryer and tubing for one (1) minute.
11) While the helium is still purging, attach the remaining end of the 10-in stainless steel tubing
to the bulkhead fitting on the right side of the GAS-Guard labeled Helium In.
12) Now turn the regulator shutoff valve fully counterclockwise (open).
13) Confirm all four helium connections and the helium regulator to helium tank connections
24 of 32
810-1732-00 Rev A
Open the analyzer door and locate the Verification cylinder mounting bracket and regulator.
2)
Install the Verification cylinder into the mounting bracket and secure using the Velcro strap.
3)
4)
Turn the knob on the top of the Verification cylinder counterclockwise until it is fully open.
The regulator requires no pressure adjustment.
5)
Note: The leak check is very important, as even the smallest leak can substantially reduce the
life of the Verification cylinder.
6)
Complete and return the Verification cylinder data sheet found in the appendix to Siemens.
25 of 32
810-1732-00 Rev A
Cable Connections
The GAS-Guard has three primary electrical cable connections: Power, Sensor, and Communication.
Each cable comes with a preinstalled connector on one end and is marked with an identifying part
number and a description.
CAUTION: Ensure GAS-Guard power switch is off before connecting cables.
2)
Starting from the inside of the GAS-Guard Housing, route the Power cable through the
cable-gland until the ferrite core contacts the cable-gland.
3)
Locate the in-line connector from the power supply and attach the power cable.
4)
5)
Attach the green/yellow ground wire to the ground lug along with the communication and
sensor cable shield drain wires then tighten ground lug nut.
6)
Route the blunt cut end of the cable into the Junction Box or control cabinet for termination.
Pull enough cable through and trim cable to length. When using the Junction Box, pull
approx 10-in through and remove the cable jacket.
7)
2)
Starting from the inside of the GAS-Guard Housing, route the black Sensor cable through
the cable-gland until the ferrite core contacts the cable-gland.
3)
Locate the connector J100 on the System board and insert the cable connector.
4)
5)
Attach the shield drain wire to the ground lug with the communication and power
green/yellow ground wire then tighten ground lug nut.
6)
Route the blunt cut end into the Junction Box or control cabinet for termination. Pull enough
cable through and trim cable to length. When using the Junction Box, pull approx 10-in
(25.4cm) through and remove the black cable jacket.
7)
26 of 32
810-1732-00 Rev A
2)
Starting from the inside of the GAS-Guard Housing route the gray Communication cable
through the cable-gland until the ferrite core contacts the cable-gland.
3)
Locate the connector J101 on the system board and insert the cable connector.
4)
5)
Attach the shield drain wire to the ground lug with the sensor and power green/yellow
ground wire then tighten ground lug nut.
6)
Route the blunt cut end into the Junction Box or control cabinet for termination. Pull enough
cable through and trim cable to length. When using the Junction Box, pull approx 10-in
(25.4 cm) through and remove the gray cable jacket.
7)
Notes:
(Red)
He Pressure Switch(optional) Helium NC
From Analyzer
GND (White/Red)
SGND (Black)
+24vdc (Violet)
4-20mA Input Channel 2
Input (White/Violet)
(Orange)
4-20mA Input Channel 1 +24vdc
Input (White/Orange)
+24vdc (White)
4-20mA Input Channel 3 Input (White/Black/BRN)
LoadGuide (Brown)
LoadGuide AGND (Blue)
COM (Yellow)
Programmable Relay NC (Grey)
NO (Green)
COM(White/Yellow)
Power Relay NC (White/Grey)
NO (White/Green)
TXD (Yellow)
RXD (White/Yellow)
RTS (Green)
CTS (White/Green)
DCD(White/Violet)
RS232
DSR(WhiteGrey)
RI (White/Red)
DTR (Grey)
GND(White/Black)
TXA (-) (White/Brown)
TXB (+) (Brown)
RCVA (-) (White/Orange)
RS485
RCVB (+) (Orange)
GND (White/Black/BRN)
RING (Blue)
Internal Modem TIP (White/Blue)
+12V (Red)
12V@1A
12V GND (Black)
1
2
3
4
5
User
Defined
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Communications
Input/Outputs
13
14
15
User
Defined
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
LINE (Brown)
25
NEUTRAL (Blue)
26
27
AC Power
Sensor Cable
White/Black - Not Connected
White/Brown - Not Connected
White/Blue - Not Connected
27 of 32
810-1732-00 Rev A
External Sensors
Oil Moisture and Temperature Connections
The Oil Moisture and Temperature sensor can be configured for 4-20mA or RS-232 output; the
recommended configuration is 4-20mA. The Sensor can also be installed as moisture only or moisture
and temperature. Please refer below for the wiring configurations.
Sensor Type
Sensor Signal
Name
Sensor
Wire
Color
Monitor Signal
Name
Monitor Wire
Color
Moisture Only
Supply (-)
Supply (+)
24VDC
CH 2
GREY
PINK
Signal GND
CH 1 (+)
24VDC
CH 1 Input
BLK
ORG
Signal Ground
CH 1 (+)
24VDC
CH 1 Input
CH 3 Input
BLK
ORG
Moisture/Temperature
Supply (-)
Supply (+)
24VDC
CH 2
CH 1
GRN
GREY
PINK
GRN
YEL
WHT/ORG
WHT/ORG
WHT/BLK/BRN
Ambient Temperature
1)
Push sensor through cable-gland marked Amb Temp so that sensor tip is exposed 2-in.
(5 cm) below bottom of GAS-Guard enclosure and cable-gland.
2)
LoadGuide (750-0058-XX)
WARNING: High voltage can be induced by the LoadGuide sensor. Do not clamp the
LoadGuide around the transformer CT winding until its wires have been terminated to the
GAS-Guard.
1)
Locate the 0 to 5-amp CT winding identified in the Site Preparation Guide within the
transformer control panel.
2)
Pull the LoadGuide leads from the transformer panel to the GAS-Guard junction box. A
wire size of 22 AWG or larger can be used to extend the length of the leads.
3)
Connect the black and white wires of the LoadGuide to the brown and blue sensor cable
leads, polarity is not significant.
4)
5)
6)
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810-1732-00 Rev A
Relays
There are two dry contact relays, (1) Power and (1) Programmable, User defined. The Power relay is
triggered on loss of power to the GAS-Guard. The programmable relay can trigger on any GAS-Guard
programmed parameter. The relay can be wired for normally-open (NO) or normally-closed (NC)
configuration. The following parameters can be programmed:
Sensor alarm condition (Oil Temp, Moisture, LoadGuide, Helium Gas (with optional
regulator), 4-20ma input CH2, etc.)
Note: The relays are capable of handling 100VA, 110VAC @ 1A or 50VDC @ 1A.
29 of 32
30 of 32
4
2
2
2
2
4
4
10
4
1
1
2
4
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
1
1
2
2
4
18
19
20
21
8
17
16
15
Qty
Item #
190-0001-00 Strap
Part/Description
810-1732-00 Rev A
GAS-Guard Installation Guide
810-1732-00 Rev A
Installation Checklist
The following is a checklist to help ensure that all the proper steps have been completed prior to filling
the GAS-Guard with oil.
31 of 32
810-1732-00 Rev A
Forms
Verification Cylinder Data Sheet
Upon successful installation of your GAS-Guard verification cylinder; please complete
and fax or e-mail this Verification Cylinder Data Sheet to Technical Support at:
+1 (503) 924-3290 fax
support@serveron.com e-mail
Attention:
From:
Customer Information
Company:
Site:
Site Address:
City, State and Zip:
Country:
GAS-Guard Serial
Number:
Verification Cylinder
Lot Number:
Manufacture/Analysis Date
H2
O2
CH4
CO
CO2
C2H4
C2H6
C2H2
N/A
Certified Concentrations
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
SIEMENS
810-1734-00 Rev A
Table of Contents
Introduction..............................................................................................................................................................3
Product Symbols......................................................................................................................................................4
Operation ..................................................................................................................................................................5
Calibration ............................................................................................................................................................5
Alarm Settings......................................................................................................................................................5
New transformers or transformers with no previous gas data:................................................................................. 6
Transformers with a stable gassing history: ................................................................................................................. 6
Gassing Transformers which have been degassed: ..................................................................................................... 7
Transformers with an unstable gassing history which have not been degassed: ................................................... 7
Table of Figures
Figure 1: Siemens GAS-Guard...............................................................................................................................3
Figure 2: Oil shut off valve .....................................................................................................................................9
Figure 3: DGA sample port ..................................................................................................................................10
Figure 4: Installed verification cylinder..............................................................................................................14
Figure 5: Filter assembly.......................................................................................................................................15
Figure 6: Internal foam support...........................................................................................................................17
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Table of Tables
Table 1: Product Symbols .......................................................................................................................................4
Table 2: Recommended caution/alarm settings for transformers with no previous gas data.....................6
Table 3: Recommended caution/alarm settings for transformers with a stable gassing history.................6
Table 4: Recommended caution/alarm settings for gassing transformers after degassing..........................7
Table 5: Front panel lights ......................................................................................................................................8
Table 6: Customer Replaceable Units .................................................................................................................16
Table 7: Verification cylinder datasheet .............................................................................................................18
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Introduction
The Siemens GAS-Guard is an on-line laboratory-grade gas chromatograph. The GAS-Guard detects
and measures fault gases found in the cooling oil of power transformers. The GAS-Guard is designed
and constructed to operate under those environmental conditions typical of a power substation or
generating facility.
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Product Symbols
The following symbols are used throughout the GAS-Guard or accessories. They are defined by the
International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC 878 and IEC 417A. It is important for safety reasons to
have an understanding of their representation.
Voltage Output
Voltage Input
Fuse
High Voltage
Caution: Refer to GAS-Guard Installation Guide and accompanying
documentation.
Protective earth (ground)
V~
H
L
__I__
O
WARNING statements in this manual identify conditions or practices that could result in personal
injury.
CAUTION statements in this manual identify conditions or practices that could result in damage to the
equipment or other property.
NOTE statements provide additional important information.
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Operation
Once installed, the Siemens GAS-Guard requires very little setup before operation commences. To
retrieve DGA data from the GAS-Guard, set caution/alarm levels, sampling schedules etc. use either
GAS-Guard View software or the Serveron Monitoring Service (SMS). Refer to the GAS-Guard View
Software Users Manual or the SMS Users Guide. For more information, manuals are available for
download from www.serveron.com or by contacting Technical Support at support@serveron.com.
Calibration
Every Siemens GAS-Guard is calibrated at the factory. Following installation and commissioning, the
GAS-Guards auto-calibration feature verifies calibration automatically every three days. Siemens
recommends confirming calibration of your GAS-Guard every six months by viewing the Verification
PPM in Gas graph in GAS-Guard View (Graph ToolsMaintenanceVerification Data). A manual
recalibration should not be required unless a new certified verification cylinder is installed,
approximately once every three years. If Siemens has connectivity to the GAS-Guard during the
standard warranty period (12-months from date of shipment) Siemens will periodically confirm
calibration of the GAS-Guard as well.
Note: For Serveron Monitoring Service customers, upon installing a new verification
cylinder fill out and return the Verification Cylinder Datasheet located at the end of this
document and return it to Technical Support.
Alarm Settings
Following installation of the GAS-Guard and after an initial 24 hour stabilization period, the gas
caution and alarm levels can be set in the GAS-Guard. These levels can be set using the GAS-Guard
View software which was included with your GAS-Guard or by the Serveron Monitoring Service.
There are no universal rules regarding the values at which to set the caution and alarm levels in the
GAS-Guard. In the most general case caution and alarm settings are disabled while the
GAS-Guard runs for approximately thirty (30) days to establish gassing trends and a baseline PPM
level for each of the fault gases. After the GAS-Guard PPM data has been established, you can use the
history to set the caution and alarm levels directly or consult with the support group at
support@serveron.com to determine the appropriate caution and alarm settings for your GAS-Guard.
The following guidelines may be useful for setting the initial gas caution and alarm levels. Keep in
mind that these are recommendations. The appropriate caution and alarm settings for your
GAS-Guard may vary from these recommendations.
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Caution PPM
Alarm PPM
Hydrogen
50
100
Methane
60
120
Acetylene
Ethylene
25
50
Ethane
33
65
Carbon Monoxide
175
350
Carbon Dioxide
1750
3500
Oxygen
baseline+10%
Baseline+20%
Notes:
Per Draft 11
Table 2: Recommended caution/alarm settings for transformers with no previous gas data
Caution PPM
+value (PPM)
Alarm PPM
+value (PPM)
Hydrogen
+50
+100
Methane
+60
+120
Acetylene
+2
+5
Ethylene
+25
+50
Ethane
+33
+65
Carbon Monoxide
+175
+350
Carbon Dioxide
+1750
+3500
Oxygen
baseline+10%
Baseline+20%
Notes:
Table 3: Recommended caution/alarm settings for transformers with a stable gassing history
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Caution PPM
Alarm PPM
Hydrogen
50
100
Methane
60
120
Acetylene
Ethylene
25
50
Ethane
33
65
Carbon Monoxide
175
350
Carbon Dioxide
1750
3500
Oxygen
baseline+10%
Baseline+20%
Notes:
Per Draft 11
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Light
Alarm
Notes:
The GAS-Guard has detected one or more gas values equal to or
greater than their respective alarm settings.
The GAS-Guard needs service. The service indicator is activated by
a number of GAS-Guard-specific parameters. For cause
identification proceed as follows-
Service
GAS-Guard View:
Open GAS-Guard View program and update the unit database. After
updating the database open the event-log and view recorded event
condition.
Serveron Monitoring Service:
Open the Serveron Monitoring Service Client program and view the
event log. Contact Technical Support group at
(support@serveron.com).
Note: Depending on the cause for Service, the GAS-Guard may
need to perform an analysis before the blue Service LED is turned
OFF.
Power
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CAUTION: The GAS-Guard is designed to operate continuously. When powering down the
GAS-Guard for extended periods of time (more than 24 hours), always close the oil supply and
return valves to the analyzer.
To isolate (shut off) the oil inlet and oil outlet ports, close the transformer oil supply and return valves
or close the Siemens manual DGA (sample port/oil shutoff) valve as well as the Siemens oil return
valve located on the bleed fixture.
The figure below is a typical example of one of these valves. There are at least two valves per
installation, one for the inlet and one for the outlet. The exact location and number of these valves will
vary by installation. The valve is shown in the ON position in the following figure.
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Operational Parameters
Please see the Siemens GAS-Guard Data Sheet available online at www.serveron.com.
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Maintenance
The Siemens GAS-Guard has been designed to keep maintenance to a minimum. The following will
help you determine the best service plan.
Helium Dryer
The helium dryer will last greater than four (4) years based on the default four hour sampling interval.
A leak-check solution should be applied to the helium dryer fittings bi-annually to ensure no leaks
have developed. The helium dryer should be replaced when the helium cylinder is replaced.
CAUTION: Use of helium other than 99.9999% pure research or chromatographic grade
with less than (0.2 ppm) H2O content will VOID the GAS-Guard warranty.
1)
Turn off power to the GAS-Guard by opening the GAS-Guard door and toggling the power
switch located in the upper right hand corner to the OFF position.
2)
Turn the helium cylinder valve clockwise to the fully OFF position.
3)
Using a 7/16-in wrench, remove the 1/8-in helium inlet and outlet lines from the top and
bottom of the helium dryer.
4)
Using a suitable wrench, remove the helium regulator from the cylinder valve.
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Carefully support the regulator to prevent any damage to the 1/8-in helium line or
regulator.
6)
7)
8)
9)
CGA-580 fitting
Position the new helium cylinder in the mounting bracket and secure the cylinder in place.
10) Reinstall the regulator onto the helium cylinder. Do not use Teflon tape or pipe dope.
11) Orient the gauge vertically and tighten the CGA fitting.
12) If necessary, reorient the helium cylinder so that the gauge on the regulator can be clearly
seen.
13) Install the new helium dryer in the mounting clips. The dryer is not flow directional.
flow. At this point, gas should be escaping from the stainless steel tubing.
CAUTION: Do not open the regulator shutoff valve completely to regulate the helium flow.
16) Leaving the helium flowing, remove the top helium dryer plug and attach the free end of
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Verification Gas
The verification gas certification is three (3) years and the cylinder holds enough gas for over 4 years
worth of verification runs based on the default every three days sampling interval. It is important that
the gauge on the regulator be checked quarterly and a leak-check solution applied to fittings biannually to insure no leaks have developed. The verification cylinder should be replaced when the
high pressure gauge reads less than 25psi (1.72 bar).
CAUTION: Use of verification gas that does not meet Siemens specifications will VOID
the GAS-Guard warranty.
Turn off power to the GAS-Guard by opening the GAS-Guard door and toggling the power
switch located in the upper right hand corner to the OFF position.
2)
Turn the verification cylinder tank valve to the fully OFF (clockwise) position.
3)
WARNING: A small amount of high-pressure verification gas will be released upon loosening
the fitting.
4)
While supporting the verification cylinder release the Velcro strap retaining the verification
cylinder in the bracket.
5)
Install the new verification cylinder into the mounting bracket and secure using the Velcro
strap.
6)
7)
Turn the knob on the top of the verification cylinder counterclockwise until it is fully open.
The regulator requires no pressure adjustment.
8)
Note: The leak check is very important, as even the smallest leak can substantially reduce the
life of the verification cylinder.
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For Serveron Monitoring Service users, please complete and return the Verification cylinder
data sheet to Technical Support (support@serveron.com) after the Verification cylinder is
replaced.
Replacing Fuses
The GAS-Guard has a variable input power supply capable of receiving input of 115VAC or 230VAC
15%, 50/60 Hz. Current draw is 6A max. at 115VAC and 3A max. at 230VAC. There are three
4A/250V type 3AG (T) fuses installed for the power supply (line and neutral) and the GAS-Guards
enclosure heater (line).
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Turn off power to the GAS-Guard by opening the GAS-Guard door and toggling the power
switch located in the upper right hand corner to the OFF position.
2)
Loosen the filter cap while supporting the filter housing with an adjustable end wrench. The
exact filter location will vary by installation.
3)
After loosening the filter cap slowly back off the cap until transformer oil starts flowing out
the purge hole located on the side of the filter cap.
4)
Let the oil continue to flow until a clear stream of oil void of any contaminates is visible.
5)
6)
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Part #
Description
270-0004-XX
290-0020-XX
290-0017-XX
292-0018-XX
292-0019-XX
370-0025-XX
370-0026-XX
370-0027-XX
430-0032-XX
750-0076-XX
750-0084-XX
750-0090-XX
250-0130-XX
R750-0076-XX
R750-0084-XX
Helium Dryer
Regulator, CAL,
Cylinder, Verification
Regulator Helium
Regulator Helium w/ Pressure Switch
LED, Front Panel, Green
LED, Front Panel, Red
LED, Front Panel, Blue
Fuse, TD, 4 Amps, 1/4" x 1 1/4"
Column Assembly, GAS-Guard 8
Assy, Power Supply
Column Assembly, GAS-Guard 3
Filter, Oil
Replacement Column Assembly1, GAS-Guard 8
Refurbished Power Supply Assy
Cleaning
Internal Cleaning
No internal cleaning of the GAS-Guard is required; doing so may cause damage the internal
components and void the warranty.
External Cleaning
No external cleaning of the GAS-Guard is required. If external cleaning is desired, water is the only
recommended cleaning solution. Direct spray of high-pressure water onto the GAS-Guard door seal,
LEDs, oil/helium bulkhead fittings and cable glands should be avoided.
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Forms
Verification Cylinder Data Sheet
Upon successful installation of your verification cylinder; please complete and fax or email this Verification Cylinder Data Sheet to Technical Support at:
+1 (503) 924-3290 fax
or support@serveron.com e-mail
Attn:
From:
Customer Information
Company:
Site:
Site Address:
City, State and Zip:
Country:
Installation Date:
Helium high pressure
gauge (psig):
Verification high pressure
gauge (psig):
Verification Cylinder
Manufacture Date:
Verification Cylinder
Lot Number:
Verification Cylinder
Gas Components
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Methane
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Dioxide
Ethylene
Ethane
Acetylene
Certified Concentrations
H2
O2
CH4
CO
CO2
C2H4
C2H6
C2H2
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
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GAS-Guard View
Software User's Manual
v2.0
810-1735-01 Rev A
June 10, 2008
www.serveron.com
3305 NW Aloclek Drive
Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA
+1 (503) 924-3200 phone
+1 (503) 924-3290 fax
810-1735-01 Rev A
Table of Contents
Before You Begin .................................................................................................................................. 6
About This Manual .......................................................................................................................... 6
About GAS-Guard View 2.0 Software .......................................................................................... 6
GAS-Guard View 2.0 Feature Overview .................................................................................. 7
Installing GAS-Guard View 2.0 ......................................................................................................... 9
System Requirements ...................................................................................................................... 9
Choosing an Installation Configuration ....................................................................................... 9
Installation Procedure ................................................................................................................... 10
Upgrade Procedure ........................................................................................................................ 10
Using GAS-Guard View 2.0 .............................................................................................................. 12
Starting GAS-Guard View 2.0 ...................................................................................................... 12
Creating New Files (Adding an Asset) ....................................................................................... 13
Opening Files .................................................................................................................................. 14
Navigating to Company, Sites, Assets and Monitors ............................................................... 15
Navigation Pane Icons and Notification ..................................................................................... 15
Working with Files......................................................................................................................... 17
Using Legacy Files ..................................................................................................................... 17
Corrupt or Invalid Files ............................................................................................................. 18
Removing a File from the Navigation Pane ............................................................................... 18
Using Commands........................................................................................................................... 19
Using Tabs....................................................................................................................................... 20
Using the Asset Status Tab ....................................................................................................... 20
Using the Graphs........................................................................................................................ 22
Graph Toolbar .......................................................................................................................... 23
Installing and Using Licenses ....................................................................................................... 25
Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 25
Automatic Scheduled Polling Option ..................................................................................... 26
Diagnostics Package Option ..................................................................................................... 26
GAS-Guard View 2.0 Reference ....................................................................................................... 28
Navigation Pane ............................................................................................................................. 28
Viewing Pane .................................................................................................................................. 29
Transformer Asset Tabs ............................................................................................................ 29
Status Tab.................................................................................................................................. 29
Gas in Oil Tab........................................................................................................................... 31
Limits Tab ................................................................................................................................. 33
Percent of Alarm Tab .............................................................................................................. 33
Rate of Change Tab ................................................................................................................. 34
Duval Triangle Tab.................................................................................................................. 34
Sensor Data Tab ....................................................................................................................... 34
Extractor Data Tab ................................................................................................................... 35
Retention Time Tab ................................................................................................................. 35
Verification Data Tab .............................................................................................................. 35
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Note: GAS-Guard View 2.0 is fully compatible with transformer data files
created by GAS-Guard View version 1.6 or earlier. After you install or
upgrade to GAS-Guard View 2.0 software, however, all GAS-Guard View
users at your site must upgrade to version 2.0. Files created or updated with
Siemens GAS-Guard View 2.0 software cannot be viewed using older
versions of GAS-Guard View software. Users who have not upgraded will
be notified of an error when they attempt to view or update these files.
Tabs
Viewing pane
Menu bar
Application
Toolbar
Transformer
Asset
Graph
Toolbar
Navigation
pane
Figure 1. GAS-Guard View 2.0 User Interface Overview.
Navigation pane: allows selection of the company, site, transformer or monitor for viewing.
In addition, the icons provide notification information (e.g. attention required, data not
accessible) about the status of monitored assets.
Viewing pane: contains one or more tabs. The tabs collectively display the state of the asset
or other item selected in the Navigation pane. Each tab contains a separate purpose-built
display. For transformer assets, the available tabs include the Status view, Gas in Oil PPM
graph, Limits view, Percent of Alarm graph, Sensor and Extractor Data graphs, Retention
Times graph, and Verification Data graph.
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knowledge of Windows file sharing and network security fundamentals. The account you
choose must have sufficient privileges. These include the privilege to access all files
(including network files) that will be used by the Poller and also privilege to use the systemwide portion of the Registry. In keeping with industry best practices, Siemens recommends
that you do not assign unnecessary privileges to this account.
If these concepts are not clear to you, Siemens recommends that you create a Standalone
configuration.
In the Standalone configuration, the Poller component is installed in your Startup folder
and runs only when you are logged in. Data cannot be received from the monitor when you
are not logged in. The benefit of the Standalone configuration is that it largely eliminates
the need for special knowledge of file sharing and network security.
A Standalone installation of GAS-Guard View 2.0 behaves like a traditional desktop
application program. Note that this configuration is intended for use by a single user on a
single computer. If multiple user login identities will be accessing GAS-Guard View 2.0 on
the same computer, Siemens recommends that a Server configuration be used instead.
Installation Procedure
Note: Administrative privilege is required to install the software.
When you insert the installation CD-ROM, GAS-Guard View 2.0 setup should start
automatically. If it does not, please double click setup.exe in the INSTALL folder of the CDROM to start it. Setup will install the necessary prerequisite software and then install
version 2.0 of GAS-Guard View.
GAS-Guard View 2.0 requires version 2.0 of the Microsoft .NET Framework. If the
installation program detects that this mandatory prerequisite is not present, it will be
installed automatically from the CD-ROM.
Siemens recommends that you use Windows Update to check for any recent updates to
Microsoft components after installing GAS-Guard View 2.0 on your computer.
When installation is complete, you may start GAS-Guard View 2.0 using either the Start
menu or the Desktop icon.
Upgrade Procedure
Note: Administrative privilege is required to upgrade the software.
Insert the installation CD-ROM. GAS-Guard View 2.0 setup should start automatically. If it
does not, please double click SETUP.EXE in the INSTALL folder of the CD-ROM to start it.
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Setup will automatically upgrade your existing installation to version 2.0 of GAS-Guard
View.
GAS-Guard View 2.0 requires version 2.0 of the Microsoft .NET Framework. If the
installation program detects that this mandatory prerequisite is not present, it will be
installed automatically from the CD-ROM.
Note: GAS-Guard View 2.0 is fully compatible with transformer data files
created by GAS-Guard View version 1.6 or earlier. After you install or
upgrade to Siemens GAS-Guard View 2.0 software, however, all GAS-Guard
View users at your site must upgrade to version 2.0. Files created or updated
with Siemens GAS-Guard View 2.0 software cannot be viewed using older
versions of GAS-Guard View software. Users who have not upgraded will
be notified of an error when they attempt to view or update these files.
Siemens recommends that you use Windows Update to check for any recent updates to
Microsoft components after upgrading to GAS-Guard View version 2.0 on your computer.
When installation is complete, you may start GAS-Guard View 2.0 using either the Start
menu or the Desktop icon.
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Alternatively, if this installation is an upgrade from GAS-Guard View 1.62 or earlier and
you have existing transformer data files, you can open these files.
810-1735-01 Rev A
wizard, the new asset and its monitor are added to your navigation pane for display and/or
update (polling).
For a detailed description of the wizard, see the section Configuring Communications later
in this manual.
Opening Files
To familiarize yourself with the GAS-Guard View 2.0 user interface, you may examine the
sample files. To do so, first click the Install Sample Files button on the Welcome screen or
click Install Sample Files in the Help menu. Use the browse box to choose a location (e.g.
your My Documents folder). When you click OK, the files are copied to the location you
chose (e.g., My Documents). You do not need the installation media to install the sample
files.
Now select Open from the File menu and navigate to the location you selected in the
previous step. Select one of the sample files and click the Open button. The file contents are
added to the navigation pane. The viewing pane displays the Status tab shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4. Asset selected in navigation pane and Status tab displayed in viewing pane.
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Note: since the contents of the sample files were captured some time ago, the
Data Age section on the Status tab warns you that the file contents are not
up-to-date and the Alarm History section displays the message WARNING:
No Recent Gas Data.
Additional information about the Status tab can be found in the section Using the Asset
Status Tab later in this manual.
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Finally, distinct icons are displayed for companies, sites, assets or monitors when their data
is contained in a file that cannot be accessed by GAS-Guard View 2.0. These icons appear as
the original company, site, asset or monitor icon with a tiny white x on a red background
superimposed at upper right. The inaccessible file icons are shown in Figure 8.
Icon representing a Company or Site contained in a
file or files that are not accessible to GAS-Guard
View
Icon representing a Transformer contained in a file
that is not accessible to GAS-Guard View
Icon representing an Online Transformer Monitor
contained in a file that is not accessible to GASGuard View
Figure 8. Inaccessible file icons
A file may be inaccessible because:
It has been moved or deleted, or
It is stored on a file share that is not accessible because of an interruption in your
network service, or
You no longer have the permissions required to access the file, or
The contents of the file have become corrupted so that GAS-Guard View 2.0 can no
longer load them.
When you click on an icon representing an inaccessible company, site, asset, or monitor, the
item does not become selected and the contents of the Viewing pane do not change. Instead,
a dialog box is displayed. The dialog box text provides a short explanation of the reason the
item is inaccessible, e.g. file not found.
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Legacy files do not contain Company, Site or Asset Name information for use in the
Navigation pane so GAS-Guard View 2.0 uses the default terms Company, Site, and Asset
in the navigation pane. You can change these default names to your actual company, site
and asset names.
To change a name, first select the Company, Site, or Asset icon in the Navigation pane and
then click Rename in the Action menu. Updated values are stored in the file itself so the
change need only be performed once. Please see the Menu Commands section of this
manual for more information.
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Using Commands
Commands (user actions) appear in the GAS-Guard View 2.0 menu bar. Menu items are
unavailable (grayed out) when they do not apply to the current selection; for example, the
File Export menu item is available only when the Viewing Pane shows data that may
be exported. Otherwise, it is grayed out.
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Using Tabs
This section provides an overview of the status and graphing tabs.
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Note: for more information about sample runs, Service Required conditions,
and other Siemens Online Transformer Monitor principles of operation,
please consult the documentation that was provided with your monitor or
visit http://www.serveron.com.
To obtain details of a particular days runs and other significant monitor events, move the
mouse pointer over the rectangle (tile) representing that day and click. A small dialog box
will be shown containing details of that days activity. Click OK to clear the dialog.
The Action menu for the Status tab contains several commands. For details of these
commands, please refer to the GAS-Guard View Reference chapter later in this manual.
Secondary Y
(sensor) axis
DGA
legend
Graph title
DGA
Primary Y
axis label
Primary Y (gas
value) axis
X (time) axis
Graph
legend
Figure 11. Graph tab components.
These graphs display two vertical (Y) axes, one at the left and the other at the right. The
values of gases are always displayed relative to the left or primary axis, which may be either
logarithmic or linear. Sensor readings (LoadGuide, Ambient Temperature, etc) are
displayed relative to the right or secondary axis, which always displays a linear scale.
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A graph legend indicating the color of each gas or sensor data series appears to the right of
the graph area. The graph legend relates colors to measured values. Carbon Monoxide
(CO), for example, is always shown in red. When a graph is first displayed, measured gas
values are shown while computed values and sensor values are hidden. The colored circle
adjacent to each series names in the legend is a control buttons. To display or hide a
particular gas or sensor data series, click the appropriate button.
Siemens GAS-Guard model GAS-Guard 8 and GAS-Guard 3 monitors support configurable
labeling for external sensors. For these models, the external sensor labels are taken from
information stored in the transformer monitor itself. The labels are normally configured
when the monitor is installed. GAS-Guard View 2.0 does not support the ability to change
the configured labels.
The legend information at extreme upper right indicates that one or more manual dissolved
gas analysis (DGA) readings are currently being displayed on the graph. This legend block
appears only when manual DGA readings are being shown. On the graph surface, manual
DGA data appears as small x markers in the color of the corresponding gas data series. To
see the numerical values of DGA data, simply slide the mouse over the area of the DGA.
For more information about the Gas in Oil PPM, Rate of Change, and Percent of Alarm
tabs, including instructions for entering manual DGA readings, see the corresponding
section in the GAS-Guard View Reference chapter later in this manual.
Graph Toolbar
Graph tabs contain their own toolbar. It is distinct from the Application Toolbar that
contains the End Date and Range controls. The graph toolbar is detailed in Figure 12.
Annotate
Copy to
Clipboard
Toggle:
Annotations
Display Rogers
Ratio Viewer
Toggle: Point
Labels
Toggle: Data
Table
Toggle: Zoom
Toggle: Primary
Y axis log/linear
810-1735-01 Rev A
Copy to Clipboard. This button allows the graph contents to be transferred to the Windows
Clipboard in one of three formats: bitmap, metafile, and text. Bitmap and metafile are
image formats compatible with many other applications. Text format allows the graph data
to be copied. In most cases, better results can be achieved with the File Export menu
item, which is described in the GAS-Guard View Menu Commands section of this manual.
Print. This button allows the graph contents to be printed. Its behavior is identical to the
File Print menu item, also described in the Menu Commands section.
Point Labels. This button allows point labels to be displayed or hidden. Point labels are
most useful when only a limited number of points are displayed (for example, a 3-day
view).
Data Table. GAS-Guard View 2.0 can display a data table which provides a tabular data
view of the data that is linked to the graph contents. The Data Table button allows the data
table to be displayed or hidden. When the mouse is moved over Data Table cells, the
corresponding point in the graph series is highlighted. When the mouse is moved over a
point in the graph series, the Data Table is automatically scrolled to display the
corresponding cell and that cell is highlighted.
Zoom. The zoom button enables or disables zooming the graph. With zoom enabled, you
can click in the graph area at the upper left corner of the area you wish to enlarge and drag
the mouse down and to the right to define the area you wish to display. When you release
the mouse button the selected area expands to fill the entire graph region and sliders
(similar to scroll bars) are displayed to allow the graph to be repositioned. You may zoom
repeatedly to magnify smaller areas or click the toggle again to restore the original
resolution.
Log Scale. The log/linear button changes the primary Y axis from a log scale to a linear
scale and back. Display of sensor values is not affected. Sensor values are displayed
relative to the secondary Y axis, which is always linear and displays a fixed range suitable
for sensors supported by Siemens.
Display Rogers Ratio Viewer. Clicking this button displays the Rogers Ratio Viewer, a
graphical transformer diagnostic display. The Rogers Ratio Viewer requires a Diagnostic
Package license from Serveron. For more information about licensing, see Installing and
Using Licenses. For more information about the Rogers Ratio Viewer, see Using the
Rogers Ratio Viewer.
Toggle Annotations. This button toggles the display of graph annotation markers.
Annotations are notes attached to particular points in time on the graph while their markers
are cartoon-style thought bubbles. To see the annotation contents, move the mouse over
the marker or click within the bubble.
Annotate. Clicking this button displays the Annotate dialog box, which allows you to enter
annotations (notes) that are associated with a point in time on the graph. In order to
annotate graphs, you must obtain a Diagnostic Package license from Serveron. For more
information about licensing, see Installing and Using Licenses.
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Overview
Licensed features are enabled through a two-step process. The process begins when you
transmit your Machine ID via email to Serveron and is completed when you receive the
license key corresponding to the desired feature. You then install the license key into your
GAS-Guard View 2.0 installation in order to enable the feature. Your installation has only
one Machine ID, but you must obtain one license key from Serveron for each option you
wish to access.
In order to obtain a license key, you must first install GAS-Guard View 2.0 in either the
Standalone or the Server configuration. Requesting and installing license keys are
administrative activities that cannot be performed from a Viewer Only configuration.
To begin the process, start GAS-Guard View 2.0 and then click Licensing in the Help
menu to display the Licensing dialog. After a moment, the dialog box displays your
Machine ID and enables the Copy to Clipboard button.
Create an email message. Address it to support@serveron.com with subject License
Request. Paste the Machine ID into the body of the message. It should look like this (your
Machine ID value will be different):
Machine ID: 5F01-7C60-F311-43B2-3A8D
Send the email message. Serveron makes every effort to respond to license key requests
within two business days, but cannot guarantee response. If you do not receive a timely
response to your email, please contact Serveron Customer Support or your Serveron
representative.
When the email response arrives from Serveron, your license key will take the form of a text
file attachment. Please save the file attachment to a known, and preferably backed up
directory on your PC or another safe location. If you are ever forced to perform a complete
re-installation of GAS-Guard View 2.0, you may need to re-install your license keys.
After saving the license key file attachment, open GAS-Guard View 2.0 and again click
Licensing in the Help menu to display the Licensing dialog. Click the Browse button
located at left to display a standard Open File dialog. Navigate to the license key file (the
attachment you saved). Select the file and click OK. After a short pause, GAS-Guard View
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2.0 should respond with a dialog stating 1 license key installed. If it does not, please try the
operation again. If the problem reoccurs, please contact Siemens or your Siemens
representative.
You can now make use of the feature or features enabled by your license.
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Tabs
Viewing pane
Menu bar
Application
Toolbar
Transformer
Asset
Graph
Toolbar
Navigation
pane
.
Figure 13. GAS-Guard View 2.0 User Interface Overview.
Navigation Pane
The navigation pane contains a hierarchical list (sometimes called a tree) showing the
company, sites, assets and monitors defined in all the files you have opened or created. Each
item in the navigation pane is identified by an icon. The icons are shown in Figure 14.
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Viewing Pane
This section contains additional details about the tabs that appear in the viewing pane. The
current selection in the navigation pane determines which tabs appear in the Viewing Pane.
Your selection will most frequently be an icon representing a transformer asset. All tabs
associated with transformer assets are described in the next subsection, Transformer Asset
Tabs. Less frequently, you will select a Company, Site or Monitor icon in the navigation
pane. Tabs associated with these selection types are described in subsequent sections,
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Gas PPM Level Status and Gas ROC Status. These three-level indicators show the results
of the most recent sample obtained from the monitor. They display alarm (red) to indicate
that the monitor encountered a gas alarm condition on the most recent sample run or
caution (yellow) to indicate a gas caution condition. If no cautions or warnings were
detected on the most recent sample run, both indicators display normal (green). If no
readings have ever been received, all three indicators display background gray.
Monitor Status. This two-level indicator displays service required (blue) to indicate that the
monitor has encountered a service required condition. The blue indicator mimics the blue
Service Required lamp on the front panel of the monitor itself. The indicator displays
normal (green) to indicate a healthy monitor. If no data has ever been received from the
monitor, both indicators display background gray.
Data Age. This three-level indicator shows whether gas in oil data from the monitor is up to
date or needs to be refreshed by polling the monitor. 0 8 Hours Old (green) indicates that
the timestamp of the most recently-received sample run is from 0 to approximately 8 hours
old. 8 24 Hours Old (yellow) indicates the most recent sample is more than about 8 hours
old but no older than about 24 hours. 24 Hours or Older (red) indicates that the most recent
sample is more than about 24 hours old. If no sample data has ever been received from the
monitor, all three indicators display background gray.
Event History. This horizontal region shows the monitors activity over recent days. Each
rectangular block or tile displays one days activities with the most recent days activity
appearing at right.
Within a days tile, the colored vertical bars indicate one significant activity by the monitor.
Most activities are sample runs, which appear as green, yellow or red bars to indicate their
most urgent outcome (normal, caution, or alarm, respectively). Service required conditions,
if any, are displayed as vertical blue bars. Aborted runs are shown as black bars. Finally,
non-sample runs are displayed as vertical white bars. Most non-sample runs are regularlyscheduled verification runs. If no data has ever been received from the monitor, the Event
History block is empty.
Note: for more information about sample runs, Service Required conditions,
and other Siemens Online Transformer Monitor principles of operation,
please consult the documentation that was provided with your monitor or
visit http://www.serveron.com.
Textual Information. At the bottom of the screen textual information about the monitor is
displayed. The Latest Monitor Timestamp is the timestamp on the most recent piece of
significant information (service required event, sample run, etc) received from the monitor.
Below the Latest Monitor Timestamp, the Status screen displays the monitors serial number
and model information for reference purposes.
Many commands are available in the Action menu when viewing the Status tab. These
commands are documented in the Action Menu section later in this manual.
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Tabs
Viewing pane
Menu bar
Application
Toolbar
Transformer
Asset
Graph
Toolbar
Navigation
pane
Figure 15. Gas in Oil tab.
This tab displays a graph showing the measured levels of gases. Depending on the type of
Siemens GAS-Guard transformer monitor used (8 gases or 3 gases), the display will include
either eight gases (Hydrogen (H2), Oxygen (O2), Methane (CH4), Carbon Monoxide (CO),
Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Ethane (C2H6), Ethylene (C2H4), and Acetylene (C2H2) model
GAS-Guard 8) or three gases (Methane (CH4), Ethylene (C2H4), and Acetylene (C2H2)
model GAS-Guard 3). By default, gas values are displayed on a logarithmic axis.
Siemenss 8 gas analyzers also display a computed estimation of Nitrogen (N2), Total
Dissolved Combustible Gas (TDCG), and Total Hydrocarbons (THC). TDCG is the sum of
Hydrogen (H2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Ethane (C2H6), Ethylene (C2H4), Acetylene
(C2H2), and Methane (CH4). THC is the sum of Ethane (C2H6), Ethylene (C2H4), Acetylene
(C2H2), and Methane (CH4). In all cases, gases are displayed in parts per million (PPM),
gas in oil, over a selectable time period (default 1 month).
The Gas in Oil tab also displays the levels of external sensors including LoadGuide,
ambient temperature, and oil temperature as well as several optional sensors (oil moisture
PPM, oil moisture percent relative saturation (%RS) and auxiliary temperature.)
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Note: data from optional oil moisture and temperature sensors is displayed
only if sensors are installed and correctly configured. For more information
about oil moisture and temperature sensors, please contact your Siemens
representative.
To display or hide a particular data series, click the small colored button immediately to the
left of the series name in the graph legend. Gas values are displayed relative to the left (Gas
PPM) axis, which is logarithmic by default; the left axis may be changed to linear by clicking
the Log button in the graph toolbar. Sensor values are displayed relative to the right (Sensor
Value) axis, which is linear. For more information about axis, legends, and the graph
toolbar, please see the section Using the Graphs earlier in this manual.
The graph legend relates colors to measured values. Carbon Monoxide (CO), for example, is
always shown in red. By default, gas values (except Nitrogen) are shown and all sensor
values are hidden.
Commands
When viewing a Gas in Oil graph, the Action menu contains the tab-specific commands
Enter DGA and Start Sample Run.
Selecting Enter DGA displays the Enter DGA Data dialog box, which contains a simple
spreadsheet-like data editor. Set the date of your manual DGA report in the Record Time
field and enter the values for the nine supported gases. You may enter multiple rows or
correct existing entries. When you click OK, the DGA data is saved and displayed on the
graph. For more details about the DGA data display, see Displaying Manual DGA Data
below.
Selecting Start Sample Run immediately contacts the monitor to begin a sample run. Since
sample runs are scheduled automatically by the monitor, use of this command is rarely
required.
Note: to adjust the monitors sampling schedule, click the monitor icon in the
navigation pane, then click the Sampling tab, and finally click Update
Sampling in the Action menu. GAS-Guard View 2.0 displays the Update
Sample Schedule dialog box. When you click OK, GAS-Guard View 2.0
immediately contacts the monitor and updates the schedule you have
defined.
Values Below the Lower Detection Limit (LDL)
The lower detection limit (LDL) values for Siemens model GAS-Guard 8 and model GASGuard 3 monitors are specified in the Data Sheet for the respective monitor. The monitor
may report values below these levels, however, and GAS-Guard View 2.0 will display them.
Values below the LDL are visually distinguished by their pale translucent color. This pale
color serves as a visual reminder that uncertainty is associated with the measurement.
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C2H4 is 60 PPM. Then the displayed value for H2 will be 80 (40 PPM is 80% of the limit
value, 50 PPM) and the displayed value for C2H4 will be 50 (60 PPM is 50% of 120).
Values may be displayed relative to their caution limits instead of their alarm limits by
clicking one of the buttons at lower right. Sensor values (LoadGuide, Ambient Temp, etc.)
do not have alarm or caution limits. Their actual values are shown relative to the right axis
for reference purposes.
No tab-specific commands are available in the Action menu when the Percent of Alarm tab
is displayed.
Rate of Change Tab
The Rate of Change tab is shown when a transformer asset is selected and the transformer
monitor is a Siemens model GAS-Guard 8 or GAS-Guard 3.
This tab displays the smoothed rate of change (ROC) of gas in oil values expressed in PPM
per day. ROC is not computed for sensor values (LoadGuide, Ambient Temp, etc.). Their
actual values are shown relative to the right axis for reference purposes.
No tab-specific commands are available in the Action menu when the Rate of Change tab is
displayed.
Duval Triangle Tab
Note: the Duvals Triangle tab displays data when a valid Diagnostic License
accompanies the display data. To enable the Triangle, an administrator must
obtain a Diagnostic License from Serveron or your Serveron representative,
install the license, assign it to the appropriate monitor, and then poll the
monitor. The Diagnostic License enables the Triangle for all GAS-Guard
View 2.0 installations that view the data contained in the file. For more
information, see Installing and Using Licenses.
The Duval Triangle is an analytical tool developed by Dr. Michel Duval of IREQ (Hydro
Quebec), Canada. The Triangle presents DGA (dissolved gas analysis) results in a graphical
form by sorting them according to a list of faults as codified by IEC Publication 60599,
"Mineral oil-impregnated electrical equipment in service- Guide to the interpretation of
dissolved and free gases analysis," March 1999.
For more information about the Triangle, see Using the Duval Triangle.
Sensor Data Tab
The Sensor Data tab is shown when a transformer asset is selected. It displays the values of
internal sensors. This information is intended for use by trained Customer Service
personnel.
No tab-specific commands are available in the Action menu when the Sensor Data tab is
displayed.
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Figure 16. Polling Tab and Update Automatic Polling Status dialog box.
The dialog box displays the number of available polling licenses. To enable automatic
polling for a monitor, click the Automatically poll this monitor checkbox and then click
OK. The dialog box displays the number of available automatic polling licenses. At least
one license must be available to enable automatic polling. If no licenses are available, the
checkbox is grayed out (unavailable).
The Polling Period control can be used to configure the maximum polling period. GASGuard View 2.0 will poll the monitor at least as often as the configured value. GAS-Guard
View 2.0 may poll the monitor more often in case of communication errors (retries) and
certain monitor conditions.
To immediately poll a monitor, click the monitors row and then choose Poll Now from
the Action menu (the Poll Now menu item performs the same function as the Poll Now
item on the Asset Status tab.
For more information about these menu items, see the Menu Commands section of this
manual.
Each row displayed by the Polling tab is composed of several fields (columns). The
following fields are shown:
Asset Name. The name of the transformer asset.
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Status Tab
The Status tab is shown when one of your organizations sites is selected in the navigation
pane. The Status tab displays a flat list of the assets of the selected site. The list is not
navigable.
Menu Commands
This section provides an overview of the menu commands available in GAS-Guard View
2.0.
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File Menu
File New
This menu item displays the New File Creation wizard to begin the creation of a new file.
Since each transformer asset and its monitor are represented in a single file, this operation is
used to add new assets and monitors to your GAS-Guard View 2.0 installation.
After the initial screen, the wizard displays the Monitor Information page shown in Figure
17.
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If you selected LAN communication, for example, the configuration page supports entry of
a LAN (Ethernet) address. If you selected modem communications, the configuration page
supports entry of phone number, communications port, and related information.
After configuring communications, clicking the Next button will display a textual summary
of the information collected by the wizard. When the Finish button is clicked, the new file is
created and added to the navigator. It will remain in the navigator even if you exit and
restart GAS-Guard View 2.0. To remove an asset and its associated monitor from the
navigator, click Close in the File menu.
File Open
This item is used to open an existing file. It presents a standard Open File dialog. After the
file is opened successfully, it is added to the navigator. It will remain in the navigator even
if you exit and restart GAS-Guard View 2.0. To remove an asset and its associated monitor
from the navigator, use File Close.
File Close
This item is used to close (remove from display) one or more files. The files must have
previously been added to the navigator via File New or File Open. Closing the
file only removes the file from view. The files contents are not altered and the file is not
deleted.
File Archive
This item is used to reduce the size of large files while preserving their data. The Choose
Archive Date dialog is displayed. Use this dialog to set the boundary date. When you click
OK, a standard file selection dialog is displayed. After you choose an archive file name and
location and click OK, all monitor data older than the boundary date is removed from the
primary data file and placed in the archive. Since archived data is no longer present in the
data file, it is no longer displayed.
If you wish to review archived data at a later date, click Open in the File menu and select
the archive file using the Open File dialog box.
Archiving your data is optional. GAS-Guard View 2.0 will function correctly even if all data
ever downloaded is allowed to accumulate in the primary data file.
File Export
Selecting this item displays a File Save dialog that allows the export of transformer data.
The export file will contain the data for the date range currently selected in the End Date
and Range controls in the application toolbar.
Use this command to make data available to other application programs, e.g. Microsoft
Office Excel. Exports may be created at any time. Exporting data does not remove it from
the data file: the data continues to be displayed by GAS-Guard View 2.0 after you export it.
Data may be exported in one of two formats:
Comma-separated value (.CSV): files in this textual format may be loaded directly by
Microsoft Excel and many other applications.
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TOA4: this textual file format is directly compatible with Transformer Oil Analyst version 4
(TOA-4) software from Delta-X Research.
File Print
This item allows the contents of the viewing pane to be printed. A standard printer dialog is
displayed. You may change print settings defined by your printer, if desired, and then click
OK to print the viewing pane contents.
This item is unavailable (grayed out) if there is nothing to print.
File Print Preview
A standard Print Preview dialog is displayed. The contents of the viewing pane may be
printed from within the preview using the controls at the top.
This item is unavailable (grayed out) if there is nothing to print.
File Exit
This item closes the application.
Action Menu
Some of the contents of the Action menu are determined by the selection in the navigation
pane and the visible (currently selected) tab. This section describes each possible action and
identifies the selection type and tab which must be visible for the action to be available in
the menu.
The following menu items are available in the Action menu regardless of the selection or
current tab.
Action Select Modem
This menu item opens the Select Modem dialog box. The dialog allows you to select the
TAPI modem used to communicate with Siemens model GAS-Guard 3 and GAS-Guard 8
monitors.
Note: the modem selected using this dialog box affects communication with
Siemens model GAS-Guard 3 and GAS-Guard 8 monitors only. When
communicating with Serveron TrueGas monitors, the COM port selected on
the Configure Modem page of the Update Communications dialog
determines the modem used to contact the monitor.
The Select Modem dialog box displays a dropdown list containing all properly-configured
TAPI modems. If your modem is not displayed in the list, click Configure TAPI Modem to
display the Add/Remove Hardware Wizard. Follow the prompts to configure your
modem. For more information, see Configuring Modems later in this manual.
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Action Set Monitor Date and Time (Transformer asset selected, Status
tab)
This command sets the transformer monitors internal date and time to match the local
computer. If the monitor is a Siemens model GAS-Guard 8 or GAS-Guard 3, the time is
converted to Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) before being sent to the monitor.
Action View Log (Transformer asset selected, Status tab)
This command displays recent activity by the polling/dialing subsystem (Poller). For
more information about the Poller, see Theory of Operations later in this manual.
Action Sample Hourly (Monitor selected, Sampling tab)
Note: this command is available for Siemens model GAS-Guard 8 and GASGuard 3 transformer monitors only. Serveron TrueGas monitors do not
support hourly sampling.
Causes GAS-Guard View 2.0 to connect to the transformer monitor and establish a
temporary sampling schedule within the monitor. The temporary schedule continues for 24
hours and specifies that sample runs should be performed once per hour.
After the 24 hour period elapses, the monitor reverts to the schedule that was in effect when
the Sample Hourly command was given. If you wish to continue hourly sampling, you may
issue the command again to enable hourly sampling for another 24 hour period.
The Sample Hourly command is intended to allow you to temporarily accelerate sampling
when additional online DGA data is critical, e.g. when a transformer is experiencing a
gassing event or other unusual condition.
Note: by increasing the number of sample runs, this command increases the
monitors consumption of helium carrier gas. Excessive use of this command
may require replacement of the helium cylinder more frequently than stated
in the Siemens Transformer Monitor product documentation.
The Sample Hourly command also interacts with the automatic scheduled polling feature of
GAS-Guard View 2.0. If the monitor that is sampling hourly is also configured for
automatically scheduled polling, the Poller component of GAS-Guard View 2.0 will begin
polling it at an accelerated rate (hourly) in order to make the data available to you.
Under certain conditions, the Siemens transformer monitor may begin sampling at an
accelerated (hourly) rate without any input from you. This form of accelerated sampling
occurs when a previously configured Rate of Change (ROC) gas alarm limit is violated
within the monitor. ROC accelerated sample will not occur unless you configure Rate of
Change alarm limits,. If this form of accelerated sampling does occur at your installation,
the Poller component of GAS-Guard View 2.0 will notice after several hours and begin
polling at an accelerated rate in order to make the data available to you.
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A monitor that is performing hourly samples due to a ROC alarm will cease performing
accelerated runs and return to its previous schedule approximately 24 hours after the ROC
alarm condition is cleared. If ROC does not return to normal on its own, you can clear the
condition by increasing the ROC alarm limit value or disabling the alarm for that gas. For
more information, see Action Update Limits (Transformer asset selected, Limits tab)
below.
Action Check Communications (Monitor selected, Communications
tab)
This command allows you to check communications by performing a lightweight poll of the
monitor without switching tabs. The Poller Activity dialog is displayed just as with Poll
Now. Unlike the Poll Now operation, GAS-Guard View 2.0 will not attempt to download
data from the monitor. Instead, it will update control information (alarm levels, sampling
schedule, etc) and then terminate the connection. After communication is complete (or
fails), a message box displays the outcome of the test.
Action Update Communications (Monitor selected, Communications
tab)
This command displays the Update Communications Wizard, allowing all communication
settings for the selected transformer monitor to be reviewed and optionally updated.
For more information about the Update Communications Wizard, see Configuring
Communications later in this document.
View Menu
View Refresh (F5)
This command updates the Navigator and all tabs with the latest data.
View Auto Refresh
Enables or disables the automatic refresh feature. If the menu item is checked, GAS-Guard
View 2.0 will automatically refresh the display with the latest data approximately once per
hour. Each automatic refresh is equivalent to manually selecting View Refresh or
pressing F5.
If the menu item is not checked, automatic refresh will not occur.
View Navigator
This command makes the Navigator visible. It is useful if the navigation pane has been
hidden using the small close box at upper right of the pane.
Help Menu
Help Users Manual
Opens this document.
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Overview
The Duval Triangle is an analytical tool developed by Dr. Michel Duval of IREQ (Hydro
Quebec), Canada. The Triangle presents DGA (dissolved gas analysis) results in a graphical
form by sorting them according to a list of faults as codified by IEC Publication 60599,
"Mineral oil-impregnated electrical equipment in service- Guide to the interpretation of
dissolved and free gases analysis," March 1999.
The Triangle and IEC Publication 60599 are analysis tools meant to be used as an aid for
diagnosing the source of combustible gases in transformer coolant oil. The Triangle should
not be regarded as the final word for such diagnosis but as a tool to be used by an
informed expert for the purpose of evaluating the health of a transformer.
The Duval Triangle task is shown in Figure 18.
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Interpretation of regions
The Triangle is broken into seven (7) polygonal regions, labeled T1, T2, T3, D1, D2, DT, and
PD. The regions labeled with a T indicate probable thermal faults, with increasing numbers
indicating higher temperatures. The regions labeled with a D indicate probable discharge
faults, with increasing numbers corresponding to more energetic discharges. The region
labeled DT indicates a probable mixture of thermal and discharge faults. Finally, the small
region at the apex labeled PD indicates a probable partial discharge (also known as corona)
condition.
Specifically, each region is to be interpreted as specified in IEC Publication 60599:
T1 - Thermal faults not exceeding 300C
T2 - Thermal faults exceeding 300C but not exceeding 700C
T3 - Thermal faults exceeding 700C
D1 - Discharges of low energy
D2 - Discharges of high energy
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PD - Partial Discharges
The DT region indicates a probable combination of thermal and discharge faults. It is not
discussed in IEC 60599.
Summary
The Duval Triangle analysis tool, integrated with Siemens's industry-leading On-Line
Transformer Monitor and turnkey asset monitoring services, offers breakthrough
capabilities for transformer asset management.
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Introduction
The Rogers Ratio Viewer is displayed using a button on the Graph toolbar as described
above. The Viewer is a separate component that displays in its own window. If the Viewer
is not installed or cannot be executed, the button itself is not shown on the Graph toolbar.
The Rogers Ratios Viewer uses Microsoft DirectX version 9, a graphical software toolset.
Some video adapters and video device drivers do not support DirectX version 9. The
Viewer requires a video display with 32-bit color (24-bit RGB plus alpha). This mode may
be referred to as high color or true color and is sometimes erroneously labeled as 24bit color. Most video adapters built since 2001 can support the Viewer.
Functional Overview
Dissolved gas ratios (known as Rogers Ratios in IEEE Standard PC57.104 D11d and Basic
Gas Ratios in International Standard IEC-60599) are a tool for the interpretation of Dissolved
Gas Analysis (DGA) results. The Ratios present DGA results in graphical form by
organizing them according to a list of faults as codified in an IEC Standard and an IEEE
Draft Standard. These documents are IEC Publication 60599, "Mineral oil-impregnated
electrical equipment in service - Guide to the interpretation of dissolved and free gases
analysis," March 1999, and draft IEEE Publication PC57.104 D11d, Draft Guide for the
Interpretation of Gases in Oil Immersed Transformers, April 21 2004. Note that this latter
document is an unapproved IEEE standards draft, subject to change.
Both specifications define the ratios as follows:
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CH4 / H2
C2H2 / C2H4
C2H4 / C2H6
The Ratios and respective standards are intended as diagnostic aids for DGA interpretation.
The Ratios should therefore not be regarded as the "final word" for such diagnosis but rather
as a tool to be used by an informed expert for evaluating the health of a transformer.
The advantages of these ratio tools are that they are quantitative and independent of
transformer oil volume. However, these and other ratio methods can produce incorrect
interpretations or none at all. Therefore, they should be used in conjunction with other
diagnostic tools such as the Duval Triangle. The value of on-line monitoring is that these
diagnostic tools can be utilized over time to enable a comprehensive condition-based asset
management program.
The Rogers Ratio Viewer is shown in Figure 19.
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transformer by viewing ratio values over a specific range of dates, allowing one to correlate
specific fault conditions with transformer loading or extraneous events.
Selecting an End Date and Range for the Trend Graph determines the range of interest for
plotting points in the Ratio Viewer. The Ratio Viewer displays all meaningful samples
shown on the corresponding Trend Graph. The relative age of DGA samples are indicated
using pale yellow for the oldest to bright yellow, pale orange, and bright orange for the
most recent samples. The latest sample plotted in the Viewer is distinguished using a solid
red color. In addition, dotted lines normal to the three graph axes are shown on the graph,
for the most recent data point only.
Interpretation of Regions
The Viewer displays ratios in a three-dimensional volume containing several rectangular
solid regions, labeled T1, T2, T3, D1, D2, PD, and OK. Note that the region labeled PD
appears only in the IEC-60599 ratio definitions while the region labeled OK appears only in
the IEEE PC57.104 D11d ratio definitions.
The regions labeled with a T indicate probable thermal faults, with increasing numbers
indicating higher temperatures. The regions labeled with a D indicate probable discharge
faults, with increasing numbers corresponding to discharges that are more energetic. The
region labeled PD indicates a probable partial discharge (also known as corona) condition,
while the region labeled OK indicates a presumed absence of faults.
The IEEE PC57.104 D11d and IEC-60599 specifications generally agree on the following
detailed region definitions:
OK - Normal Unit
IEEE PC57.104 D11d names this region Case 0. IEC-60599 does not define this
region.
PD - Partial Discharges
IEC-60599 defines this region, while IEEE PC57.104 does not.
D1 - Discharges of low energy
This region is named Case 1 in IEEE PC57.104 D11d.
D2 - Discharges of high energy
This region is named Case 2 in IEEE PC57.104 D11d. The extent of this region differs
slightly between the IEC-60599 and IEEE PC57.104 D11d definitions.
T1 - Low temperature thermal faults not exceeding 300C
This region is named Case 3 in IEEE PC57.104 D11d.
T2 - Thermal faults exceeding 300C but not exceeding 700C
This region is named Case 4 in IEEE PC57.104 D11d.
T3 - Thermal faults exceeding 700C
This region is named Case 5 in IEEE PC57.104 D11d.
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Summary
The Rogers Ratio Viewer analysis tool, integrated with Siemens's industry-leading On-Line
Transformer Monitor and turnkey asset monitoring services, offers breakthrough
capabilities for transformer asset management.
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Configuring Communications
Introduction
The physical connection type is selected or updated using the Connection Type page of the
Wizard. The Wizard is displayed when creating a new monitored asset (File New
menu item) or when updating communications to an existing monitor (Action Update
Communications menu item on the Communications tab, which is available when a
monitor is selected in the navigation pane).
The Connection Type page is shown in Figure 20.
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Telephone Modem
Plain old telephone system (POTS) and cellular modems are supported for both TrueGas
and GAS-Guard family monitors. Configuration data for the modem is entered on the
Configure Modem Connection page. Five items are required to configure a modem
connection:
The phone number, also called the dial string.
The dial string may include commas to introduce delays into the dialing sequence. It
may also include codes to temporarily disable PBX functionality; in the example, the
code *71 represents a typical command to disable the Call Waiting feature.
GAS-Guard View 2.0 also supports a send/expect protocol for arbitrarily complex
interactions with the modem. This protocol is enabled by the caret (^) character,
which can only be entered after checking the Allow advanced dial string checkbox.
The send/expect protocol is described in the section Advanced Dialing Strings.
The modem setup string.
This string contains modem initialization commands that should be in effect at all
times. The default modem setup string is also described in the section Configuring
Modems, below.
The COM port to which the modem is attached (TrueGas monitors only).
The number of the COM port on the local computer. This value does not apply to
Siemens model GAS-Guard 3 and GAS-Guard 8 monitors and is not displayed for
them. To select the modem used to communicate with your model GAS-Guard 3 or
GAS-Guard 8 monitors, please click Select Modem in the Action menu.
The baud rate which should be used.
The baud rate at which the port should be used.
GAS-Guard View 2.0 uses Modbus for direct serial/radio connection to Serveron
TrueGas monitors only. For TrueGas monitors, the Modbus address of the monitor
must be specified. The default Modbus address is 17.
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RS-232
Direct RS-232 connectivity is supported for both TrueGas and GAS-Guard family monitors.
Three items are required to configure a direct connection:
The COM port to which the cable is attached.
The number of the COM port on the local computer.
The baud rate which should be used.
The baud rate at which the port should be used.
The Modbus address of the monitor (Serveron TrueGas monitors only)
GAS-Guard View 2.0 uses Modbus for direct serial connection to Serveron TrueGas
monitors only. For TrueGas monitors, the Modbus address of the monitor must be
specified. The default Modbus address is 17.
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Configuring Modems
Modem Initialization
Before sending any dial string to the modem, GAS-Guard View 2.0 will transmit the modem
setup string. The default modem setup string is at v1 e0 q0 &d2 x4. This setup string is
needed to configure the modem in your PC for proper communication with GAS-Guard
View 2.0.
at indicates the start of a modem command string.
v1 tells the modem to send responses that contain alphabetical codes rather than numeric
codes.
e0 turns echo off.
q0 quiets or suppresses response codes from your modem.
&d2 sets the modem to do the following when Data Terminal Ready (DTR) is lost:
hang up
dial tone
Below are general definitions of the Hayes-compatible commands being used in the
example. Your specific modem may require commands in addition to or instead of those
shown in this example. Refer to the documentation that came with your modem for more
information.
vN - Displays result codes in short form (numbers) or long form (test).
N = 0: send numeric responses
N = 1: send word responses (default).
eN - Turns the command echo feature on or off.
N = 0: command echo off
N = 1: command echo on (default).
qN - Displays or suppresses (quiets) result codes
N = 0: displays codes (default).
N = 1: suppresses codes.
&dN - Controls data terminal ready (DTR) transition
0 = ignore DTR signal
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1. GAS-Guard View 2.0 opens the COM port and then transmits the string AT to the
port.
2. GAS-Guard View 2.0 collects response lines from the port until the pattern OK is
found.
3. GAS-Guard View 2.0 sends the string ATDT5551212 to the port.
4. GAS-Guard View 2.0 collects response lines until the pattern CONNECTED is
found.
5. GAS-Guard View 2.0 transmits the string AT to the port.
6. GAS-Guard View 2.0 collects response lines until the pattern OK is found.
7. GAS-Guard View 2.0 transmits the string ATDT7 to the port.
8. GAS-Guard View 2.0 collects response lines until the pattern CHANNEL 7 is found.
At this point, GAS-Guard View 2.0 assumes it is connected to the Siemens transformer
monitor and begins communication with the monitor.
Each time GAS-Guard View 2.0 transmits a character sequence to the port, it begins
interpreting response lines. It continues to collect response lines until the expected response
is found or a timeout occurs. The timeout is relatively long (3 minutes). If the timeout
occurs, GAS-Guard View 2.0 reports that it was unable to connect to the monitor.
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is not, click the Add... button and use the wizard to properly install and configure your
modem for use by TAPI.
GAS-Guard View 2.0 will automatically create a phonebook entry named Siemens to
manage your modem. If you system does not have a properly configured TAPI modem,
GAS-Guard View 2.0 may fail to bind or may logically bind to a nonfunctional device such
as the printer port. If your modem is configured for TAPI but you are unable to connect to
your GAS-Guard monitor using it, click Settings in your Start menu and then click
Network Connections. Right-click and delete the Siemens entry in the list. Ensure your
modem is properly installed for use by TAPI as described above and then restart your
computer.
When your computer is ready, start GAS-Guard View 2.0 and try the connection again. You
may then view your Network Connections and verify that the Siemens entry has been
recreated.
Troubleshooting
Corrupt or Invalid Files
Overview
GAS-Guard View 2.0 stores data in structured textual files with the extension .TGH. These
files are informally referred to as TGH files.1 Although they are textual, TGH files have an
internal structure that must be preserved to allow GAS-Guard View 2.0 to correctly process
of the file. If the internal structure of a TGH file is not correct, GAS-Guard View 2.0 will
report that the file is corrupt or invalid. This section describes steps that may be taken to
recover most or all of the data in this unusual case.
Note: Siemens recommends that you create a backup copy of any .TGH file
before attempting any of the actions described below. Siemens strongly
discourages the examination or modification of TGH files using programs
other than GAS-Guard View 2.0 except when absolutely required.
File Structure
TGH files consist of a series of sections. Each section consists of a single header line
followed by content lines. The header consists of the section name, e.g. Serial, enclosed in
angle brackets < and >.
TGH files may be examined and modified using any textual file editor, e.g. Microsoft
Notepad. Examination of a TGH file that has been populated with data will show that the
files sections fall into two loose groups, header sections and data sections.
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Each header section contains a collection of key=value pairs. The keys are often but not
always numeric. The values include communications configuration, metadata (e.g.
company, site and asset names), and monitor configuration (alarm limits, schedules, etc.)
Each data section contains an ordered collection of date-time=value,value, lines. Each
line in a data section must begin with a date and time. The definition of the values within
the line varies from one section to another.
An example of a .TGH file is shown below.
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<Comment>
DO NOT EDIT THIS MACHINE-GENERATED FILE
<Info>
2=TGE-D998201
20=Siemens Demo
21=Serveron Stories
22=#11 GSU (11-3-2003 for 1 week)
35=0
<Serial>
Address=ModBus,17
CommPort=
Command=
Modem=
Phone=
Settings=
<Setup>
Interval=
<Sensors>
PartitionType=UseCustom
StdTemp=60
TankWallSensor=0
<Tasks>
Alarms=
Clock=
Schedule=
<Sched>
1=
2=
3=
4=
5=
<Alarms>
00=133.0,200.0
01=380.0,400.0
02=0.0,0.0
03=468.0,524.0
04=323.0,498.0
05=3230.0,4980.0
06=443.0,480.0
07=150.0,222.0
08=6.0,8.0
09=0.0,0.0
10=-1.0,-1.0
11=-1.0,-1.0
12=-1.0,-1.0
13=0.0,0.0
14=0.0,0.0
15=0.0,0.0
16=0.0,0.0
17=0.0,0.0
18=0.0,0.0
19=0.0,0.0
20=0.0,0.0
21=0.0,0.0
22=0.0,0.0
23=0.0,0.0
24=0.0,0.0
25=0.0,0.0
26=0.0,0.0
27=0.0,0.0
28=0.0,0.0
29=0.0,0.0
30=0.0,0.0
<PPM Data>
2003/10/27 00:00=0,6.2,197.1,0.0,0.7,35.9,139.8,1.3,1.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
2003/10/27 04:00=0,6.0,196.5,0.0,0.7,38.0,156.5,1.2,1.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
2003/10/27 08:00=0,6.0,197.2,0.0,0.8,40.6,162.3,1.3,1.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
<Sensors Data>
2003/10/27 00:00=0,0.0,0.0,16.4,30.0,5.7,0.0,23.9,26.0,37.4,60.0,35.0,8.2
2003/10/27 04:00=0,0.0,0.0,12.1,30.0,5.7,0.0,21.8,26.3,37.6,60.0,35.0,8.2
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08:00=0,0.0,0.0,16.5,30.0,5.7,0.0,22.9,26.1,37.5,60.0,35.0,8.2
Data>
00:00=0,182.0,323.0,0.0,1171.0,2196.0,776.0,1153.0,976.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
04:00=0,182.0,323.0,0.0,1167.0,2193.0,776.0,1160.0,977.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
08:00=0,183.0,324.0,0.0,1171.0,2194.0,776.0,1157.0,977.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
Data>
00:00=0,31.2,1.9,14.8,15.5,27.3,0.0,35.0,28.7,29.1,25.9,0.0,0.0,0.0
04:00=0,28.7,1.9,15.9,16.5,27.3,0.0,32.9,26.4,29.4,26.1,0.0,0.0,0.0
08:00=0,30.7,2.0,15.3,16.2,26.5,0.0,33.2,27.2,29.8,26.1,0.0,0.0,0.0
TGH files are locale-invariant: the file contents do not change regardless of the current
locale. This allows files written on any locale (e.g. Asian or European Windows) to be read
and correctly interpreted on any other locale (e.g. U.S. English or Brazilian Portuguese
Windows). User-entered textual data, e.g. the company name, is stored in UTF-8, a variablelength encoding for the Unicode character set.
Causes of File Corruption
Common causes of file corruption include:
Missing or invalid serial number. The value of key 02 in the <Info> section must be a
valid serial number. If the <Info> section does not exist, or key 02 is not present, or the
value is not a valid Siemens serial number, the file will be reported as corrupt or invalid.
Broken or incomplete line(s). Each line in each data section must begin with a valid
date and time. GAS-Guard View 2.0 accepts a wide range of date and time formats.
The following conditions will not cause the file to be reported as corrupt or invalid, but may
result in unexpected behavior:
Nonstandard section names. File sections with unrecognized headers are preserved
when the file is modified but are otherwise ignored. They do not cause the file to be
reported as corrupt or invalid.
Nan or Inf values. Like almost all contemporary software, GAS-Guard View 2.0
represents floating-point data in conformance with IEEE standard 754. IEEE-754
includes representations for values that are Not a Number (NaN) as well as positive or
negative infinity (Inf). These values may appear in floating point value fields as the
literal strings Nan or Inf. These values are read and processed by GAS-Guard View 2.0
according to the normal rules of IEEE-754 arithmetic; they do not cause the file to be
reported as corrupt or invalid.
For more information, please consult the IEEE standard.
Repairing Damaged Files
Begin by checking for the serial number key (02) in the <Info> section. If the key is present
and valid, scan all data sections for data lines that do not begin with a date and time. You
may discover one or more lines with unexpected line breaks. If you find such line(s), use
Notepad or a similar text-editing program to merge the split line or delete the badly formed
lines completely. After making one or more corrections save the file and use File Open
in GAS-Guard View 2.0 to see if the file can now be read.
As noted above, customer textual data is encoded in UTF-8. UTF-8 is a variable-length
encoding of the 16-bit Unicode character set. If your TGH file contains characters with code
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points that lie outside the ISO Latin-1 256 character subset, the editor program you select
must be capable of handling the variable-length UTF-8 encoding format.
If these steps do not correct the problem, please contact Siemens or your Siemens
representative.
Theory of Operations
Overview
Note: this section assumes general knowledge of Microsoft Windows system
administration. Understanding the concepts presented here is not required
to make successful use of the GAS-Guard View 2.0 software.
GAS-Guard View 2.0 is composed of two components, the Viewer and the Poller. These
components are separate programs.
The Viewer is the application you see and interact with. The Poller works behind the
scenes, communicating with your Siemens monitor(s) and saving the data they gather in
files. The Viewer is always installed and appears in your Start menu under Programs
Siemens GAS-Guard View 2.0
Installation of the Poller depends on the installation configuration you selected.
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If the Installation
Configuration is
Viewer Only
Standalone
Server
For more information about installation configurations, see the section Choosing an
Installation Configuration near the beginning of this manual.
GAS-Guard View 2.0 stores company, site, and asset names, the communications
configuration, and information gathered from the monitor in structured text files with the
extension .TGH (TGH files). This file-based design provides data portability and serves to
segregate the data by monitor. GAS-Guard View 2.0 retains compatibility with files created
using GAS-Guard View version 1.6.2 or earlier.
Note: files created or modified by GAS-Guard View 2.0 are incompatible
with GAS-Guard View version 1.6.2 (or earlier) and TM MultiView. If your
site includes multiple installations of GAS-Guard View, all users should
upgrade earlier versions to GAS-Guard View 2.0.
In addition to information stored in TGH files, both the Viewer and the Poller store
information in the Registry. The Viewer saves the content of the Navigation pane so it can
be restored each time you reopen the Viewer. The Poller saves licensing information and
the contents of the Polling tab there.
Viewer Component
The Viewer provides the entire user interface to GAS-Guard View 2.0. The Viewer opens
TGH files in order to read and display their contents; it is incapable of updating or
modifying TGH file contents in any way. All operations that update or modify file data
involve the Poller This includes operations that do not involve Siemens monitors, such as
entering DGA data and creating annotations. Since these operations require the cooperation
of the Poller, they are not available to users with Viewer Only installation configurations.
Poller Component
The Poller is responsible for all monitor communication and updates to data files, but does
not offer a user interface. Since the Poller has no user interface of its own, it must rely on
the Viewer to provide one.
The Viewer and Poller often interact as client and server, although neither one requires the
presence of the other. The Viewer may be installed without the Poller (Viewer Only
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installation configuration). The Poller runs whenever you are logged in (Standalone
configuration) or continuously (Server configuration).
The Viewer communicates with the Poller using TCP/IP. The Poller listens on port 8011.
The Poller accepts connections only from a single Viewer on the same computer (localhost).
This feature is hardwired in the code. Restricting incoming connections to localhost
addresses network security concerns associated with the use of TCP.
If you run firewall software locally on the PC, you may be required to configure the firewall
to allow the Poller to listen locally on port 8011. As noted above, this should not raise
security concerns because the Poller will only accept connections originating from the same
computer on which it is running. GAS-Guard View 2.0 does not offer any network service(s)
available from off-host.
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Serveron Corporation
3305 NW Aloclek Drive
Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA
www.serveron.com
Corporate Office: (800) 880-2552
Technical Support: (866) 273-7763
E-mail: support@serveron.com
Copyright 2008 Serveron Corporation
All rights reserved.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INSTALLATION
INSPECTION
NEUTRAL CONNECTION
GROUND CONNECTION
ACCESSORIES
MAINTENANCE
STORAGE
SHIPPING
After the final inspection, Powerohm Neutral Grounding Resistors are securely
fastened, in an upright position, onto a wooden skid. In some cases, additional
bracing and/or banding is added to insure a safe shipment. The units are then
completely wrapped with plastic to protect the finish and keep the outer surface free
of dirt and moisture. Depending on certain criteria, units are shipped either "open" or
crated. All crates are constructed with 1" thick lumber. The finished package is easily
handled with a forklift or hand truck.
All crates are clearly marked with the correct shipping information and requested
customer marks. A copy of the packing list is securely fastened to the package in
clear view.
NOTE:
Normally, all crates are loaded by forklift into the enclosed van of a common carrier.
At this point, it is the responsibility of the carrier to provide proper handling to the
destination.
RECEIVING
Upon receipt, the crated unit should be unloaded and inspected immediately to
insure that proper handling was practiced during transit. Report any apparent
damage to the crate that could have harmed the contents.
NOTE:
All packaged neutral grounding resistors are suitable for prolonged storage. Always
store the unit in the upright position (as shipped). Setting the crate on its side or top
will likely cause damage to the resistor. Avoid stacking anything on top of the crate.
INSTALLATION
When ready for installation at the jobsite, uncrate the resistor using care not to
damage the enclosure finish and/or external bushings. Next, remove the bolts which
fasten the resistor enclosure to the skid.
It is recommended that a hoisting device be used to lift the unit with the aid of the
eyebolts on the top of the enclosure. When using the eyebolts provided with
Powerohm Resistors Inc. neutral grounding resistors located at the top of the
enclosure, lifting must incorporate use of a spreading device to ensure a safe lift. Not
utilizing a spreader while lifting the unit causes the eyebolts to be pulled at various
angles resulting in roof damage. See examples below:
CORRECT
NOT CORRECT
For units without eyebolts or if a hoisting device is not available, a forklift can be
used, provided the forks rest against the top of the mounting channels located on the
bottom of the enclosure. Avoid resting the forks against the screened center.
NOTE:
Do not remove the enclosure covers before lifting the resistor unit.
INSPECTION
After the resistor has been securely mounted, remove the front cover (the front cover
can be identified by the Powerohm nameplate). Note: If the unit has external
bushings mounted on the front cover, remove the back cover only. When installing
the front or back cover, DO NOT EXCEED 20 IN.-LBS WHEN TIGHTENING THE
1/4-20 COVER HARDWARE (exceeding this torque value will damage the 1/4-20
threaded inserts).
After removing the cover, remove all packing material and banding, if any, used to
support the insulators and resistor banks during shipment.
NOTE:
Failure to remove packing material from the inside of the enclosure may
result in fire hazard and/or resistor failure.
With the packing material removed, carefully inspect the inside of the unit for broken
insulators, bushings and other parts that may have been damaged during shipment.
NOTE:
NEUTRAL CONNECTION
The neutral lead from the transformer or generator may be connected one of three
ways depending upon the specific design (refer to the supplied drawing for terminal
location):
1.
2.
3.
NOTE:
In all cases, the neutral terminal is tagged for easy identification and the proper
connection is shown schematically on the drawing.
Check all electrical connections to ensure tightness.
GROUND CONNECTION
The ground lead from the resistive element to ground may be connected one of two
ways:
1.
2.
NOTE:
In all cases, the ground connection is tagged for easy identification and the proper
connection is shown schematically on the drawing.
Check all electrical connections to ensure tightness.
ACCESSORIES
Neutral grounding resistors may come equipped with accessories such as ground
fault sensing devices. If applicable please follow the instructions below when
connecting this type of equipment.
1.
2.
NOTE:
In all cases, both the neutral and ground connections are tagged for easy
identification and proper connection is shown schematically on the drawing.
Check all electrical connections to ensure tightness.
MAINTENANCE
Normally, no maintenance is necessary on a neutral grounding resistor. However,
periodic inspections for damage are needed to ensure that the resistor is still capable
of protecting the system. Damage may occur from lightning, storms, earthquakes,
wildlife, overloads or extended service life. Basically, it is necessary to ensure that
the resistive element has not burned open and that the element (including the
incoming bushing) is still properly isolated from ground.
The following procedure is recommended for periodic field inspections.
1.
De-energize the system being grounded and break the connection between
the system neutral and the grounding resistor. An isolation switch is some
times available to break this connection. These precautions are recommended
to prevent a shock hazard to maintenance personnel and to prevent the
system from being operated without proper grounding.
2.
Remove the front cover (which is on the same side as the nameplate) and the
rear cover. This will allow for a visual inspection of all internal components.
3.
4.
5.
Check all internal connections for tightness. Check wiring for signs of damage
from heat or overloads.
6.
Check the enclosure for signs of damage from weather or rodents. Replace all
covers removed during inspection and check the mounting bolts for tightness.
STORAGE
1.
If the unit is to be unused or stored for any length of time indoors, cover the
unit to prevent buildup of dirt. If stored outdoors, do not cover with plastic that
may create condensation and enclosure corrosion or staining.
2.
3.
Discharge Manual
Covers VinBulk and RhinoBulk
Author
Date
Justin Smith
st
1 November 2013
2013 Trans Ocean/JF Hillebrand
www.transoceanbulk.com
www.jfhillebrand.com
This document remains the sole property of JF Hillebrand Group AG and is to be used by the employees of Trans Ocean
Bulk Logistics, JF Hillebrand, their appointed agents and customers. Issuance outside of these entities must first be
authorised by Trans Ocean Technical Department.
Date
Description
A
B
Original issue
New format and combined VinBulk and RhinoBulk versions
Checklist
A multilingual checklist is attached to the PDF version of this manual
Equipment requirements
Discharge manual
Page 2 of 4
www.transoceanbulk.com
f)
NOTE: These safety procedures MUST be completed before discharge can commence.
These should be considered the minimum steps and any additional requirements for a
particular facility should be followed accordingly.
2. Discharge
a) Check container number corresponds with all relevant documentation.
b) Check customs seal is intact and that number corresponds to relevant documentation
c)
d)
e)
Discharge manual
Page 3 of 4
www.transoceanbulk.com
f)
g)
h)
Discharge manual
Page 4 of 4
www.transoceanbulk.com
Leaflet
2)
Leaflet
3)
Leaflet
4)
Leaflet
5)
T005-0497
6)
T010-0497
7)
T016-0497
8)
T020-0799
9)
T025-0497
10)
T029-0897
11)
T034-0201
12)
T035-0998
Table of contents
Table of contents
1
1.1
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3
1.2.4
1.3
1.4
1.4.1
1.4.3
Special designs........................................................................... 23
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
Appendix ..................................................................................... 25
3.1
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.1.4
3.1.5
1.4.2
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
Table of contents
3.1.6
3.1.7
3.1.8
3.1.9
3.1.10
3.1.11
3.1.12
3.1.13
3.1.14
3.1.15
3.1.16
3.1.17
3.1.18
3.1.19
3.1.20
3.1.21
3.1.22
3.1.23
3.1.24
3.1.25
3.1.26
3.1.27
3.1.28
3.1.29
3.1.30
3.1.31
3.1.32
3.1.33
3.1.34
3.1.35
3.1.36
3.1.37
3.1.38
3.1.39
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
Table of contents
3.1.40
3.1.41
3.1.42
3.1.43
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.5.1
3.5.2
3.5.3
3.5.4
3.5.5
3.5.6
3.5.7
3.5.8
3.5.9
MR worldwide.............................................................................. 83
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
List of figures
List of figures
Figure 1
Step capacities (rated step voltage Ui, rated through-current Iu) .....15
Figure 2
Step capacities (rated step voltage Ui, rated through-current Iu) .....16
Figure 3
Figure 4
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
List of tables
List of tables
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
Table 5
Table 6
Table 7
Table 8
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
1.1
650
Y - 72.5 / C - 10
19
1W
Type
Number of phases
Ium (in A)
Applications
Um (in kV)
VACUTAP VM
VM
1 phase
2 phases
3 phases
VM I, VM II, VM III
VM I, VM II, VM III
VM I, VM II, VM III
VM I, VM II, VM III
VM I
VM I
VM I
VM I
1 (3-phase Y)
1 (1-phase)
2 (1-phase)
3 (1-phase)
For use with neutral point only
I
II
III
300
350
500
650
802
1002
1203
1503
0
1
2
3
Y
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
72.5
123
170
245
300
B
C
D
DE
Mid-positions
Change-over selector
Tie-in measures
1)
10
12
14
16
18
22
19
23
27
31
35
59
71
83
95
107
0
1
3
W
G
R
S
P
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
11
1.2
1.2.1
On-load tap-changer VM I
301
302
351
501
651
1002
1203
300
300
350
500
650
800
800
1000
1200
1500
4.2
6.5
10
12
15
10
10
10.5
12.5
16.25
20
20
25
30
37.5
3300
3300
3300
3300
3300
3300
3300
3300
3300
3300
990
990
1155
1625
1625
2640
2640
3300
3500
3500
Oil compartment
Temperature range
Dimensions
Table 1
803
1503
50...60
802
1)
The maximum rated step voltage may be exceeded by 10 % due to overexcitation of the transformer if the step
capacity is limited to its rated value.
2)
12
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
1.2.2
On-load tap-changer VM II
302
352
502
652
300
350
500
650
4.2
6.5
10
10.5
12.5
16.25
3300
3300
3300
3300
990
1155
1625
1625
50...60
Oil compartment
Temperature range
Dimensions
Table 2
1)
The maximum rated step voltage may be exceeded by 10 % due to overexcitation of the transformer if the step
capacity is limited to its rated value.
2)
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
13
1.2.3
300 Y
350 Y
500 Y
650 Y
300
350
500
650
4.2
6.5
1)
10
10.5
12.5
16.25
3300
3300
3300
3300
990
1155
1625
1625
50...60
Oil compartment
Temperature range
Dimensions
Table 3
1)
The maximum rated step voltage may be exceeded by 10 % due to overexcitation of the transformer if the step
capacity is limited to its rated value.
2)
14
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
1.2.4.1
1.2.4
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
15
1.2.4.2
16
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
1.3
72.5
123
170
245
3002)
55
79
145
170
245
350
550
750
1050 1050
140
230
325
1.4
850
850
460
460
1)
In accordance with IEC 60214-1, chapter 3.57: highest effective value for phaseto-phase voltage in a three-phase system for which an on-load tap-changer is
designed with respect to its insulation.
2)
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
17
CAUTION
Adhere to maximum rated lightning impulse withstand voltage
stress on a0 in mid-position.
Figure 3
a0
Between selected and preselected tap on the diverter switch and tap selector.
a1
Between tap selector contacts of the winding of one tap position (connected or not connected)
Between beginning and end of a tapped winding and, with respect to a coarse winding, between
beginning and end of a coarse winding.
Note for coarse tap selector connection (-) position of the change-over selector:
When stressed with impulse voltage, the permissible withstand voltage "a" must be adhered to between
the end of a coarse tap winding connected with the K fine tap selector contact and the fine tap selector
contact at the end of the tapped winding of the same phase.
Between the fine tap selector contacts of different phases and between change-over selector contacts
of different phases, which are connected with the beginning/end of a tapped winding or with a fine tap
selector contact.
Additionally for coarse tapping arrangement in (+) position of the change-over selector:
18
c1
From one (-) change-over selector contact to take-off lead of the same phase.
c2
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
1.4.1
Insulation
distances
kV
kV
1.2/ 50 s 50 Hz
1 min
kV
kV
1.2/50 s 50 Hz
1 min
kV
kV
1.2/50 s 50 Hz
1 min
kV
kV
1.2/50 s 50 Hz
1 min
a0
a1
150
30
150
30
150
30
150
30
265
50
350
82
490
105
550
120
1)
265
50
350
82
490
146
550
160
c1
485
143
545
178
590
208
660
230
c21)
495
150
550
182
590
225
660
250
Table 5
1)
Rated withstand voltages of the internal on-load tap-changer insulation (with the exception of
VACUTAP VM 300)
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
19
1.4.2
Insulation
distances
a0
VM III 300 Y
kV 1.2/ 50 s
VM I 301
kV 1.2/ 50 s
300
300
70
c1
400
120
400
120
c2
400
120
Table 6
70
300
70
Rated withstand voltages of the internal on-load tap-changer insulation for VACUTAP VM 300
20
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
without change-over
selector
Connection
Tap selector
size
Connection
Tap selector
size
Connection
Tap selector
size
10050
B/C/D/DE
10071W
B/C/D/DE
10071G
B/C/D/DE
10060
B/C/D/DE
10081W
B/C/D/DE
10081G
B/C/D/DE
10070
B/C/D/DE
10091W
B/C/D/DE
10091G
B/C/D/DE
10080
B/C/D/DE
12101W
B/C/D/DE
12101G
B/C/D/DE
10090
B/C/D/DE
12111W
B/C
12111G
B/C
10100
B/C/D/DE
14111W
D/DE
14111G
D/DE
12110
B/C/D/DE
14121W
B/C
14121G
B/C
12120
B/C/D/DE
14131W
B/C
14131G
B/C
14130
B/C/D/DE
16121W
D/DE
16121G
D/DE
14140
B/C/D/DE
16131W
D/DE
16131G
D/DE
16150
B/C/D/DE
16141W
B/C/D/DE
16141G
B/C/D/DE
16160
B/C/D/DE
16151W
B/C
16151G
B/C
18170
B/C/D/DE
18151W
D/DE
18151G
D/DE
18180
B/C/D/DE
18161W
B/C
18161G
B/C
22190
B/C/D/DE
18171W
B/C
18171G
B/C
22200
B/C/D/DE
10191W
B/C/D/DE
10191G
B/C/D/DE
22210
B/C
12231W
B/C/D/DE
12231G
B/C/D/DE
22220
B/C
14271W
B/C/D/DE
14271G
B/C/D/DE
16311W
B/C/D/DE
16311G
B/C/D/DE
18351W
B/C/D/DE
18351G
B/C/D/DE
Table 7
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
21
1.4.3
Insulation
distances
a0
kV
kV
50 Hz, 1 min 1.2/50 s
kV
kV
50 Hz, 1 min 1.2/50 s
kV
50 Hz, 1 min
a1
150
30
150
30
150
30
265
50
350
82
450
105
1)
265
50
350
82
450
146
c1
455
127
525
165
590
210
c21)
455
127
525
165
590
215
d1
265
50
350
82
450
105
d2
350
82
450
105
450
105
d3
350
82
450
105
490
120
Table 8 On-load tap-changer VACUTAP VM with multiple coarse change-over selector, rated withstand
voltages of the internal on-load tap-changer insulation
1)
22
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
2 Special designs
Special designs
2.1
Introduction of circulating currents into the current paths of tap selector and
diverter switch
b)
c)
Figure 4
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
23
2 Special designs
2.2
2.3
2.4
24
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
3 Appendix
Appendix
3.1
3.1.1
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
25
3 Appendix
3.1.2
26
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
3 Appendix
3.1.3
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
27
3 Appendix
3.1.4
28
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
3 Appendix
3.1.5
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
29
3 Appendix
3.1.6
30
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
3 Appendix
3.1.7
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
31
3 Appendix
3.1.8
32
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
3 Appendix
3.1.9
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
33
3 Appendix
3.1.10
34
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
3 Appendix
3.1.11
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
35
3 Appendix
3.1.12
36
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
3 Appendix
3.1.13
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
37
3 Appendix
3.1.14
38
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
3 Appendix
3.1.15
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
39
3 Appendix
3.1.16
40
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
3 Appendix
3.1.17
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
41
3 Appendix
3.1.18
42
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
3 Appendix
3.1.19
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
43
3 Appendix
3.1.20
44
VACUTAP VM I 351...1503, tie-in resistor cylinder with potential switch without tie-in
resistors (898804)
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
3 Appendix
3.1.21
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
45
3 Appendix
3.1.22
46
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
3 Appendix
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
47
3 Appendix
3.1.23
48
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
3 Appendix
3.1.24
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
49
3 Appendix
3.1.25
50
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
3 Appendix
3.1.26
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
51
3 Appendix
3.1.27
52
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
3 Appendix
3.1.28
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
53
3 Appendix
3.1.29
54
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
3 Appendix
3.1.30
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
55
3 Appendix
3.1.31
56
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
3 Appendix
3.1.32
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
57
3 Appendix
3.1.33
58
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
3 Appendix
3.1.34
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
59
3 Appendix
3.1.35
60
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
3 Appendix
3.1.36
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
61
3 Appendix
3.1.37
62
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
3 Appendix
3.1.38
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
63
3 Appendix
3.1.39
64
VACUTAP VM, supporting flange, special design for bell-type tank installation for
Um up to 300 kV (896762)
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
3 Appendix
3.1.40
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
65
3 Appendix
3.1.41
66
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
3 Appendix
3.1.42
VACUTAP VM tap selector base with additional screening, coarse tap connection
design (893935)
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
67
3 Appendix
3.1.43
68
VACUTAP VM tap selector base with through hole D20 and D13 (725649)
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
3 Appendix
3.2
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
69
3 Appendix
3.3
70
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
3 Appendix
3.4
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
71
3 Appendix
Overview of basic connection diagrams with tap selector connection contacts designated
in accordance with MR standard (890616)
72
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
3 Appendix
Overview of basic connection diagrams with tap selector connection contacts designated
in accordance with MR standard (890616)
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
73
3 Appendix
3.5
3.5.1
74
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
3 Appendix
3.5.2
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
75
3 Appendix
3.5.3
76
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
3 Appendix
3.5.4
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
77
3 Appendix
3.5.5
78
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
3 Appendix
3.5.6
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
79
3 Appendix
3.5.7
80
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
3 Appendix
3.5.8
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
81
3 Appendix
3.5.9
82
VACUTAP VM
2332907/00 EN
4 MR worldwide
MR worldwide
Australia
Reinhausen Australia Pty. Ltd.
Ground Floor
6-10 Geeves Avenue
Rockdale N. S. W. 2216
Phone: +61 2 9556 2133
Fax: +61 2 9597 1339
E-Mail: sales@au.reinhausen.com
Italy
Reinhausen Italia S.r.l.
Via Alserio, 16
20159 Milano
Phone: +39 02 6943471
Fax: +39 02 69434766
E-Mail: sales@it.reinhausen.com
Russian Federation
OOO MR
Naberezhnaya Akademika Tupoleva
15, Bld. 2 ("Tupolev Plaza")
105005 Moscow
Tel. +7 495 980 89 67
Fax. +7 495 980 89 67
E-Mail: mrr@reinhausen.ru
Brazil
MR do Brasil Indstria Mecnica Ltda.
Av. Elias Yazbek, 465
CEP: 06803-000
Embu - So Paulo
Phone: +55 11 4785 2150
Fax: +55 11 4785 2185
E-Mail: vendas@reinhausen.com.br
Japan
MR Japan Corporation
German Industry Park
1-18-2 Hakusan, Midori-ku
Yokohama 226-0006
Phone: +81 45 929 5728
Fax: +81 45 929 5741
South Africa
Reinhausen South Africa (Pty) Ltd.
No. 15, Third Street, Booysens Reserve
Johannesburg
Phone: +27 11 8352077
Fax: +27 11 8353806
E-Mail: support@reinhausen.co.za
Canada
Reinhausen Canada Inc.
1010 Sherbrooke West, Suite 1800
Montral, Qubec H3A 2R7, Canada
Phone: +1 514 286 1075
Fax: +1 514 286 0520
Mobile: +49 170 7807 696
E-Mail: m.foata@ca.reinhausen.com
Luxembourg
Reinhausen Luxembourg S.A.
72, Rue de Prs
L-7333 Steinsel
Phone: +352 27 3347 1
Fax: +352 27 3347 99
E-Mail: sales@lu.reinhausen.com
South Korea
Reinhausen Korea Ltd.
Baek Sang Bldg. Room No. 1500
197-28, Kwanhun-Dong, Chongro-Ku
Seoul 110-718, Korea
Phone: +82 2 767 4909
Fax: +82 2 736 0049
E-Mail: you-mi.jang@kr.reinhausen.com
India
Easun-MR Tap Changers Ltd.
612, CTH Road
Tiruninravur, Chennai 602 024
Phone: +91 44 26300883
Fax: +91 44 26390881
E-Mail: easunmr@vsnl.com
Malaysia
Reinhausen Asia-Pacific Sdn. Bhd
Level 11 Chulan Tower
No. 3 Jalan Conlay
50450 Kuala Lumpur
Phone: +60 3 2142 6481
Fax: +60 3 2142 6422
E-Mail: mr_rap@my.reinhausen.com
U.S.A.
Reinhausen Manufacturing Inc.
2549 North 9th Avenue
Humboldt, TN 38343
Phone: +1 731 784 7681
Fax: +1 731 784 7682
E-Mail: sales@reinhausen.com
Iran
Iran Transfo After Sales Services Co.
Zanjan, Industrial Township No. 1 (Aliabad)
Corner of Morad Str.
Postal Code 4533144551
E-Mail: itass@iran-transfo.com
P.R.C. (China)
MR China Ltd. (MRT)
360
4E
200120
86 21 61634588
86 21 61634582
mr-sales@cn.reinhausen.com
mr-service@cn.reinhausen.com
2332907/00 EN
VACUTAP VM
83
Comprehensive data
requires powerful
analytical tools
Siemens answers
for transformer
monitoring
TMDS
Differences in functionality and architecture between TMDS and TMDS Smart Monitor
TMDS
Actionable information
Self diagnostic
TMDS Smart Monitor automatically
detects bad sensor data to avoid false
diagnosis.
9
9
9
1
10
2
5
6
3
Features include:
Active monitoring via TMDS Smart
Monitors local 12 touch screen or
laptop connection and passive
monitoring remotely via built-in Web
server
11
www.usa.siemens.com/energy
GAS-Guard 8
Online dissolved gas analysis sensor
Throughout your system there are transformers that are vital to the reliability of your
grid - generator step-up transformers,
large transmission transformers and critical
substation transformers. Based on historical
installation rates, the average transformer
age is 40 years. However, age itself is not
a cause of failure. As transformers age,
they endure various stresses that can
contribute to a variety of failure mechanisms.
Appropriate online DGA monitoring and
diagnostic tools can help utilities lower
maintenance costs, extend transformer
useful life and avoid unplanned failures.
Gas chromatography (GC) has long been the
accepted standard for the measurement of
dissolved gas levels in transformer oil. The
GAS-Guard 8 brings the DGA laboratory to
your transformer with its rugged, closed-loop
gas chromatograph.
SITRAM GAS-Guard 8:
Facts and figures
Moisture-in-oil and oil temperature option
Environmental specifications
Parameter
Accuracy5
Range
Operating temperature
50 C to + 55 C
Moisture-in-oil
2%
0 100% RS6
Cold-start temperature
20 C
0 to 807 ppm
Operating humidity
5% to 95%, RH noncondensing
0 to 45 psi, to 3 bar
0 to 807 ppm
Storage temperature
40 C to +75 C
0.1 C (typ.)
-40 C to +180 C
Storage humidity
5% to 95%, RH noncondensing
Oil temperature
5
6
7
Frequency
50/60 Hz
Current
6 A maximum at 115 V
3 A maximum at 230 V
Width
Depth
Gas analysis
Weight
65 lb (29.5 kg)
Oil sampling is continuous and gas analysis intervals are user-selectable from
2 hours to 12 hours (Default: 4 hours).
Enclosure rating
IP 66, NEMA 4
Packaged dimensions
70 lb (31.8 kg)
Certifications/standards
Electromagnetic compatibility
Alarms
Specification
Test method
EN 61326:
EN 61000-3-2: 2000
EN 61000-3-2:
EN 61000-3-3: 2001
EN 61000-3-3:
2001 voltage
fluctuations
IEC 61000-4-2:
2001 ESD
IEC 61000-4-3:
IEC 61000-4-4:
2004 EFT
IEC 61000-4-5:
2001 surge
IEC 61000-4-6:
2004 conducted RF
immunity
IEC 61000-4-8:
IEC 61000-4-11:
Safety
IEC 61010-1, IEC 61010-2-81
UL 61010-1 (2nd Edition), UL 60950-1 Clause 6.4
CSA-C22.2 No. 61010-1-04
Accuracy1
Repeatability2
Range3
Hydrogen
H2
<2%
2-3,000 ppm
Oxygen
<1%
30-5,000 ppm
Methane
CH4
<1%
10-5,000 ppm
Carbon Monoxide
CO
<1%
3-10,000 ppm
CO2
<1%
5-30,000 ppm
Ethylene
C2H4
<1%
3-5,000 ppm
Ethane
C2H6
<1%
5-5,000 ppm
Acetylene
C2H2
<2%
1-3,000 ppm
Carbon Dioxide
NOTES: All specifications are independent of oil temperature and gas pressure level.
1 Percent of ppm - whichever is greater
2 At gas calibration level
3 Gas-in-oil
www.usa.siemens.com/energy
CT
R
Neutral Grounding
Resistor
G
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
Neutral grounding resistors are rated in line-to-neutral
voltage (system voltage divided by 1.732), initial fault
current and maximum time on. Powerohm neutral grounding resistors are designed to dissipate the required amount
of energy and not exceed the temperature limitations of
IEEE Standard 32-1972. As defined in this publication,
the time and temperature ratings for neutral grounding
resistors are as follows:
Short time: Short time ratings are 10 and 60 seconds.
Since short time rated resistors can only withstand rated
current for short periods of time, they are usually used with
fault clearing relays. The short time temperature rise for
the resistive element is 760C.
Extended time: A time on rating greater than ten minutes
which permits temperature rise of resistive elements to
become constant, but limited to an average not more than
90 days per year. The extended temperature rise for the
resistive element is 610C.
Continuous: Capable of withstanding rated current for
an indefinite period of time. The continuous temperature
rise for the resistive element is 385C.
POWEROHM
RESISTORS, INC.
BASIC CONSTRUCTION
Resistor Assembly: The resistor coils consist of a stainless
steel edgewound element wound around a ceramic core
supported on a through-rod. Glazed insulators are attached
to each end of the coils and fastened to a heavy gage,
corrosion resistant frame. The unit is designed to permit the
expansion of supporting rods when submitted to high operating temperatures. Resistor elements are joined by stainless steel connectors, which are welded in place, to form a
positive electrical path.
Safety Enclosure: Our resistor assemblies are available
with grounded safety enclosures to protect personnel and
wildlife from harm. Screened and louvered enclosures are
available in a variety of finishes including painted, powder
coated, mill galvanized, hot-dipped galvanized, aluminum
and stainless steel.
Options: A number of additional options are available
including entrance bushings, current transformers, elevating stands and disconnect switches.
ELECTRICAL TESTS
All units are factory tested in accordance with IEEE Standard 32-1972, specifically Sections 10.1.4 and 10.3.2. The
procedure includes a resistance measurement test to verify
that the tolerance is within + 10%, and an applied potential
test. A copy of the test report is included with each shipped
unit.
5713 13th Street
Katy, Texas 77493
Phone: (281) 391-6800, Fax: (281) 391-6810
Please visit our website at www.powerohm.com
INITIAL
AMPS
RESISTANCE
APPROX.
WEIGHT
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
280
290
300
310
320
340
350
360
30
30
30
30
30
30
36
36
380
390
400
410
420
430
490
500
Ground
Terminal
100
200
300
400
500
600
800
1000
24.00
12.00
8.00
6.00
4.80
4.00
3.00
2.40
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
100
200
300
400
500
600
800
1000
41.60
20.80
13.87
10.40
8.32
6.93
5.20
4.16
38
38
38
38
38
38
44
44
38
38
38
38
38
38
54
54
36
36
36
36
36
36
54
54
550
560
570
580
590
600
680
700
100
200
300
400
500
600
800
1000
80.00
40.00
26.70
20.00
16.00
13.30
10.00
8.00
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
84
84
820
830
840
850
870
880
950
990
30
30
36
320
370
420
36
36
54
450
550
850
54
54
54
900
950
1400
15
25
50
92.7
55.6
27.8
38
38
38
38
38
38
15
25
50
160.0
96.0
48.0
38
38
44
38
38
54
15
25
50
227.3
166.4
83.2
44
44
84
54
54
54
TO PROTECTIVE
RELAY
GROUNDING
TRANSFORMER
G
BASIC CONSTRUCTION
Transformer: For continuous time ratings, the transformer
must be capable of withstanding rated current for an indefinite period of time; therefore, the KVA rating of the grounding
transformer is equal to the rated line-to-neutral voltage times
the desired neutral current. For a short-time rating, the KVA
rating of a grounding transformer will be smaller because the
unit is designed to carry its rated current for a limited time.
Resistor Assembly: The resistance value is calculated by
dividing the secondary voltage by the rated current necessary to obtain the desired fault current on the primary.
Resistor elements are selected to best meet the current and
voltage requirements of the system. A typical assembly
includes all stainless steel elements, bus bars and
terminals.
ELECTRICAL TESTS
All units are factory tested in accordance with IEEE Standard 32-1972, specifically Sections 10.1.4 and 10.3.2. The
procedure includes a resistance measurement test to verify
that the tolerance is within + 10%, and an applied potential
test. A copy of the test report is included with each shipped
unit.
APPLICATION
The best way to resistance ground a power system is to
obtain the system neutral through a generator or transformer with a wye-connected winding. However, a system
neutral may not be available, particularly in many older low
voltage systems and a significant number of existing
medium voltage systems. To avoid the high cost of replacing
a source transformer, an existing delta-connected system
can be grounded using a zigzag transformer to form an
artificial neutral, then connecting a resistor between the
newly created wye-point and ground.
A zigzag transformer has no secondary winding, and is
designed to provide a low-impedance path for the zerosequence currents to flow. During a line-to-ground fault
condition, the zero sequence currents can flow into the
ground at the point of the fault, and back through the neutral
of the grounding transformer. The impedance of the zigzag
transformer to balanced three-phase voltages is relatively
high, therefore, when there is no fault on the system, only a
small magnetizing current flows in the windings. A zigzag
grounding transformer provides a stable neutral point which
makes possible its use for grounding an otherwise isolated
neutral system.
A zigzag transformer with a resistance ground is normally
designed for a short time rating of 10 to 60 seconds.
Consequently, the grounding transformer is much smaller in
size than an ordinary continuously rated transformer with
the same rating. For short time ratings, the short time
temperature rise for the resistive element is 760C.
TO UNGROUNDED
3-PHASE VOLTAGE
SOURCE
TO UNGROUNDED
3-PHASE LOAD
ZIGZAG
TRANSFORMER
BASIC CONSTRUCTION
Transformer: For a short time rating, the grounding
transformer is designed to carry its rated current for a limited
time, consequently the unit is ordinarily much smaller,
physically, than an ordinary three-phase transformer for the
same rated kVA.
Resistor Assembly: The resistance value is calculated by
dividing the line-to-neutral voltage by the rated neutral
current. Resistor elements are selected to best meet the
short time current rating and voltage requirements of the
system. A typical assembly includes all stainless steel
elements, bus bars and terminals.
Safety Enclosure: Our grounding assemblies are available
in grounded NEMA 1 or NEMA 3R safety enclosures,
complete with nearly any finish, including mill galvanized,
power coated, hot dipped galvanized after fabrication, aluminum, or stainless steel.
Options: A number of additional options are available
including entrance bushings, current transformers, elevating stands and disconnect switches.
ELECTRICAL TESTS
R
RESISTOR
All units are factory tested in accordance with IEEE Standard 32-1972, specifically Sections 10.1.4 and 10.3.2. The
procedure includes a resistance measurement test to verify
that the tolerance is within + 10%, and an applied potential
test. A copy of the test report is included with each shipped
unit.
(800) 838-4694
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
BASIC CONSTRUCTION
Powerohm's Type ER and ERB resistors are lightweight,
heavy-duty units consisting of a non-corrodible, high quality
stainless steel alloy. The ribbon-like element is wound on
edge in the form of a helix, and then spun onto a ceramic
core. Type ER resistors are supported by a threaded rod
passing through the center of the ceramic core. Type ERB
resistors are supported by a mounting bar which is slotted
at either end. Fixed terminations are made by welding
stainless steel tabs to either end of the element, or at various
points for multiple connections. This unit includes fixed
terminals, through-rods, through-bars, hardware and stainless steel element.
Our ceramic insulating cores are manufactured in-house to
maintain total control over production and quality standards.
Powerohm is the only domestic resistor manufacturer with
this added advantage.
OPTIONS
COIL SIZES: Type ER and ERB resistors are available in
(6) standard lengths, all having the same, approximate
diameter of 2 inches. Wattage values vary from 400 to 2300
watts per coil. These units are available in (15) different
current ratings ranging from 16 to 100 amps continuous, and
resistance values between 6.2 and .06 ohms, respectively.
ADJUSTABLE TERMINALS: Adjustable terminals, which
can be clamped to the element, are available for certain size
units; add "-A" to the part number.
ENCLOSURES: Powerohm Type ER resistors can be
packaged in our standard line of enclosures. See the
Enclosure Catalog Section for details.
POWEROHM
RESISTORS, INC.
CUSTOM DESIGNS
Powerohm offers a complete selection of standard size coils
on the following page. These coils cover a wide range of
resistance and current values. Numerous variations are
available for special applications or replacement of other
manufacturers. Powerohm can match the electrical ratings
of any edgewound product available. Please contact the
factory for assistance.
RESISTANCE IN OHMS
LENGTH 2
LENGTH 3
LENGTH 4
LENGTH 5
LENGTH 6
LENGTH 7
15
1.90
3.00
4.10
5.10
6.20
7.20
16
1.70
2.60
3.50
4.40
5.30
6.20
18
1.30
2.0
2.7
3.5
4.2
4.90
20
1.20
1.80
2.4
3.1
3.7
4.3
23
.89
1.37
1.85
2.3
2.8
3.3
26
.69
1.06
1.44
1.81
2.2
2.6
29
.49
.75
1.02
1.29
1.55
1.82
32
.43
.66
.90
1.13
1.37
1.60
36
.35
.54
.73
.92
1.11
1.30
40
.27
.41
.56
.70
.85
.99
45
.25
.38
.52
.65
.78
.92
50
.19
.30
.40
.51
.62
.72
60
.15
.23
.32
.40
.48
.57
70
.12
.19
.26
.33
.39
.46
85
.07
.11
.15
.19
.23
.27
100
.06
.10
.13
.16
.20
.23
SIDE VIEW
3/8 DIA.
3
C
B
A
9-3/8
6-1/8
12-3/8
10
9-1/8
15-3/8
13
12-1/8
18-3/8
16
15-1/8
21-3/8
19
18-1/8
24-3/8
22
21-1/8
SIDE VIEW
3/8 DIA.
(2) 17/32
SLOTS
1-1/4
B
A
9-1/4
7-7/8
12-1/4
10-7/8
15-1/4
13-7/8
18-1/4
16-7/8
21-1/4
19-7/8
24-1/4
22-7/8
ADDITIONAL TAPS
Type ER resistors are furnished with two stainless steel terminals at either end of the ceramic core. Additional fixed
taps consist of a stainless steel terminal welded in place at various intervals. Numerous tap configurations are
available, but limited to a spacing no closer than 1-1/4 inches.
SPECIFY PART NUMBERS AS FOLLOWS:
Part Number
Number of Taps
SUFFIX
LETTER
1/2
1/3
1/4
1/5
B
C
D
E
1/6
1/7
1/8
1/9
F
G
H
J
1/10
1/11
1/12
1/13
K
L
M
N
1/14
1/15
1/16
1/17
P
R
S
T
ER3-50-1D
(1 TAP @ 1/4 SPACING)
ER3-50-5F
(5 TAP @ 1/6 SPACING)
SIZE 2
SIZE 3
SIZE 4
SIZE 5
SIZE 6
SIZE 7
12
15
18
21
24
11
14
17
20
23
SIDE VIEW
5/16 HARDWARE
7/16 DIA.
P11026
1.23 1500W
3-1/2
B
A
SIDE VIEW
7/16 DIA.
P0000
0.00 0000W
5/16 HARDWARE
3-1/4
B
A
SIDE VIEW
P0000
0.00 0000W
5/16 HARDWARE
9
7/16 DIA.
B
3-1/4
(800) 838-4694