New

Kingdom Temples
and
Notes on Egyp4an Religion

New Kingdom Temples

Thebes: mortuary (west bank) vs. city (east bank) temples

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Standard axial temples II: city of Thebes and elsewhere
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Peripteral (surrounded by row of columns) and fesAval temples
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Small temples or shrines
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Single shrine and/or asymmetrical

NK TEMPLES
Thebes: mortuary (west bank) vs. city (east bank) temples
Standard axial temples I: mortuary, Thebes
Deir el-Bahari, Hatshepsut (atypical features: colonnaded terraces;
Hathor chapel)
Temple of Thutmose III
Amenhotep son of Hapu
Ramesseum
Medinet Habu, Ramesses III

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Standard axial temples II: city of Thebes and elsewhere
Karnak:

Amen temple
Kamutef temple of Hatshepsut & Thutmose III
Montu temple of Amenhotep III
Mut temple established by Amenhotep III
Amen temple of Ramesses III
Khonsu temple of Ramesses III
Luxor Temple of Amenhotep III, Tutankhmen and Ramesses II
Abu Simbel: Ramesses II (great and small temples)
3

NK TEMPLES
Peripteral and fes4val temples

Medinet Habu: small temple of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III

Karnak: Kamutef temple way staAon
Amada: Thutmose III, Amenhotep II and Thutmose IV
Karnak: fesAval temple of Thutmose III
Karnak: fesAval temple of Amenhotep II

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Small temples or shrines

Basic plan (transverse room and shrines and variaAons)

Karnak: Ptah temple of Thutmose III at north temenos wall of
Amen precinct
Buhen: south temple of Hatshepsut, altered by Thutmose III

----------------
Single shrine and/or asymmetrical

Giza: Horemakhet temple of Amenhotep II near Sphinx

ElephanAne: Dyn. 18 Satet temple
4

10th Pylon (Horemheb)

Pylon = akhet horizon

Flagsta and streamer = netjer god
7

Luxor Temple, looking east

10

Luxor
Temple,
looking
north

11

Luxor
Temple,
looking
northeast

12

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Luxor Temple, looking north

14

Luxor Temple, reliefs of Amenhotep III (and Roman Period arch)

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Luxor Temple sun court of Amenhotep III

17

Luxor Temple sun court of Amenhotep III, 1989

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Luxor Temple sun court of Amenhotep III, 1989

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Luxor Temple sun court of Amenhotep III, 1989

20

Luxor Temple sun court of Amenhotep III, 1989

21

Luxor Temple
sun court of
Amenhotep III,
1989

22

Luxor Temple
sun court of
Amenhotep III,
1989

Amenhotep III

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Luxor Temple, pylon of Ramesses II (Dyn. 19)

and Late Period avenue of sphinxes

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Luxor Temple, Ramesses II pylon 1862

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Luxor Temple, pylon of Ramesses II (Dyn. 19) Aida

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Thebes, fesAval routes

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Karnak Temple

Karnak, Temple of Mut

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Karnak Temple, Great Court from rst pylon

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Karnak 1878

31

Karnak Temple, construcAon chronology

hbp://dlib.etc.ucla.edu/projects/Karnak/

32

Karnak Temple, Plan

Chronological Development

33

Karnak Temple, Plan

Fly-over (Thutmose IV)

34

Karnak Temple, construcAon

Surveying Methods

35

Karnak Temple, construcAon

Quarrying

36

Karnak Temple, looking northwest

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7th Pylon, court of the cachebe 19031907

39

7th Pylon,
court of the
cachebe

hbp://www.ifao.egnet.net/bases/cachebe/

19031907
Georges
Legrain
700 stone
statues
17,000
bronze
statues
Most now in
Cairo
Museum
40

Temple of Mut, consort of Amen, south of Karnak

41

Temple of Mut, consort of Amen, south of Karnak

42

Sekhmet statues of
Amenhotep III moved
to Mut temple

43

Mut ExpediAon (Johns Hopkins Univ.)

Queen Tiye statue

Salima Ikram (AUC) &

Betsy Bryan
(Johns Hopkins Univ.)
44

Aspects of EgypAan Religion

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CreaAon Myths
Hermopolis (pre-creaAon)
&
Heliopolis (creaAon)
49

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Hermopolitan Cycle
Pre-creaAon
Water (nw, nwn)

male & female

Innity (heh)

male & female

Darkness (keku)

male & female

Lostness (tnm)

male & female

Ogdoad (group of 8 gods)

Khemenu = 8-town = Hermopolis = Ashmunein

52

Book of the Dead of Khonsu-mose.

First day post-CreaAon

Akhet (horizon)

Primaeval mound

Ogdoad

3rd Intermediate Period (1075945 BCE)

53

Akhet horizon

54

Edfu. Begun under Ptolemy III 237 B.C.

Completed nally 57 B.C.
55

HELIOPOLITAN
CYCLE

(The EgypAan Big Bang theory)

56

Atum, original source of all maber

Evolves out of primaeval waters
57

Horemheb and Atum

Min (Coptos)

Atum self-generates
(NOT something out of
nothing, as in Biblical
conceptualizaAon of
creaAon)
58

I am Shu.
My clothing
is the air; my
skin is the
pressure of
the wind.

59

Atum & his 8 Descendants

(Ennead, Egyp4an pesdjet)

Shu (air, male) Tefnut (moisture, female)

Nut (sky, female) Geb (earth, male)

Children are the primary forces of life:

Osiris:

power of crea4on, regenera4on, rebirth

Isis:

principle of motherhood

Seth:

force of male sexuality, chaos

Nephthys: female counterpart of Seth

60

Shu:
I have lined my daughter Nut atop me,
That I might give her to my father Atum in his utmost extent.
I have put Geb under my feet,
And this god is knoong together the land for my father Atum.

Nut

Shu
Geb
3rd Intermediate Period papyrus of Nesitanebtash
61

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SYNCRETISM

63

Her (Horus)
to be far o

64

Re-Horakhty

65

 Hor-em-akhet
Horus in the Horizon
66

Nephthys

Isis

67

MEMPHITE
THEOLOGY

68

Memphite Theology (Dynasty 19, Ramesses II)

Shabako Stone, Dynasty 25 (712698 BCE)

69

Ptah
70

Memphite Theology
worm-eaten and unknowable from beginning
to end

71

CreaAve thought/speech given priority over

physical evoluAon under Atum

Ptah as intermediary between creaAve

thought/speech and Atums evoluAon
72

Ptahs assocaAon with cransmen:

conceive rst, fashion second (e.g. statues)

The gods have entered into their bodies

73

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Fashioning:
From the
conceptual
to the
physical

Dual nature of hieroglyphs:

-- real physical things
-- representaAons of ideas
75

Meketre models, Middle Kingdom

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