Documenti di Didattica
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Apresentao
Ingls Instrumental
Ingls Instrumental
Apresentao
CONtExtuAlIzAO dA dISCIPlINA
ObjETIvOs
unidade I
Ingls Instrumental
Identificando palavras chaves
Ingls Instrumental
Identificando palavras chaves
unidade I
unidade I
Ingls Instrumental
Identificando palavras chaves
Obs. O Passado Perfeito segue o mesmo padro, sendo que o verbo to have
estar no passado (had).
Gerndios e infinitivos - Os gerndios sempre contm o sufixo ING enquanto
que os infinitivos possuem a partcula TO antes do verbo.
Obs. importante salientar que nem sempre os verbos no gerndio so traduzidos como tal. Os gerndios no incio da frase so substantivados. Ex. Working on
a website is not so difficult. A palavra working pode ser entendida no texto como
O trabalhar.
Outra particularidade encontrada com os verbos utilizados aps preposies,
uma vez que so colocados no gerndio, sendo, contudo, traduzidos como infinitivo.
Ex. Im afraid of working on complex websites. Im afraid of working pode ser traduzido como: eu tenho medo de trabalhar.
Agora que j sabemos identificar as principais palavras chaves de um texto,
vejamos um pargrafo:
Your site should, of course, support the finding of its information. But dont
assume that a search engine alone will satisfy all users information needs.
Rosenfeld, Louis & Morville, Perter. Information Architecture. pg. 132.
Escreva aqui as palavras chaves do pargrafo:
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Confira sua resposta:
- site - support - finding - information - dont assume - search engine - satisfy
- users information needs.
Traduzindo as palavras chaves teramos uma idia do sentido do pargrafo.
Vejamos:
site - suportar - achado - informao - no presumir - mecanismo de pesquisa
satisfazer - necessidades de informao de usurios.
Com a traduo das palavras chaves voc j pode ter uma idia do que est
sendo colocado no texto, procurando por tradues de outras palavras para refinar
o seu entendimento. Aps o entendimento da idia geral do texto confira a sua traduo:
Seu site deveria, claro, suportar o achado de sua informao. Mas no presuma
que um mecanismo de pesquisa por si s satisfaa todas as necessidades de informao dos usurios.
Percebeu como a frase completa apenas refora a idia da traduo das palavras chaves? Essa a grande dica! Procure sempre pelas palavras chaves e busque
a traduo das mesmas. Se houver a necessidade de um refinamento da informao,
traduza outras palavras em busca do entendimento da informao.
Tente agora traduzir esse outro pargrafo, dessa vez um pouco maior. Identifique
as palavras chaves e traduza-as. No precisa se preocupar em entender todo o texto
em seus detalhes. Teremos a oportunidade de ler novamente esse texto utilizando
outras tcnicas de leitura mais adiante.
Since the advent of the Web, people have struggled to create useful tools that
enable users to navigate web sites in a more visual way. First came the experimental, static sitemaps, which attempted to display web sites as physical places. Then
came the dynamic sitemaps that attempted to show relationships between pages
on a web site. Both looked very cool and stretched our imaginations. But neither
proved to be very useful.
Ingls Instrumental
Identificando palavras chaves
unidade I
Rosenfeld, Louis & Morville, Perter. Information Architecture. pg. 132.
Conseguiu entender o texto? Foi mais fcil? Confira agora a traduo literal e
veja se est muito diferente do seu entendimento inicial.
Desde o advento da web, as pessoas tm lutado para criar ferramentas teis
que capacitem os usurios a navegar em websites de um modo mais visual. Primeiro
vieram os mapas de sites experimentais e estticos, que tentaram apresentar websites como locais fsicos. Depois vieram os mapas de sites dinmicos que tentaram
mostrar as relaes entre as pginas de um website. Ambos pareceram muito legais
e ampliaram nossa imaginao. Mas nenhum provou ser muito til.
Vamos tentar mais uma vez? Dessa vez voc no ter a traduo do pargrafo.
Mais adiante retomaremos este texto com a traduo com o objetivo de ampliarmos
o nosso entendimento sobre o mesmo. Boa sorte!
On the Web, navigation is rarely a life or death issue. However, getting lost in
a large web site can be confusing and frustrating. While a well-designed taxonomy
may reduce the chances that users will become lost, complementary navigation tools
are often needed to provide context and to allow for greater flexibility. Structure and
organization are about building rooms. Navigation design is about adding doors and
windows.
Rosenfeld, Louis & Morville, Perter. Information Architecture. pg. 106.
unidade I
Ingls Instrumental
Identificando palavras chaves
Exerccio
Leia os pargrafos abaixo retirados do texto de Greg Duffiel e assinale a alternativa correta de acordo com o que se pede. Os pargrafos abaixo foram retirados
da seguinte fonte: Duffield, Greg. Hard Drive Crash? The Essential Data Recovery
Report. In: http://www.updatexp.com/hard-drive-data-recovery.html
1.
Today data recovery is a multi-million dollar industry. The number of data recovery firms out there seems to exceed the number of fast food restaurants for the
entire planet. These companies specialize in helping their clients retrieve data on
anything from hard drives to flash-roms.
a) today dollar number seems companies
b) data recovery industry exceed restaurant
c) data multi-million there fast food
d) industry data the entire
2.
Around 44% of all data loss is caused by hardware failure. Its important to make
sure that you immediately shut your system down if you suspect that hard drive has
crashed. Dont even try to go through the shutdown procedure, just pull the plug from
the wall. Do not try to run off the shelf data recovery software or drive utilities.
a) all hardware important system drive
b) around failure sure down just
c) loss failure system drive procedure
d) loss sure system even shutdown
3.
One of the most often asked questions that customers ask is, how do you get
my data back? Well, its really not black magic or rocket science. Its just a matter
of having the right tools and the knowledge necessary to know what to do, much like
a surgeon performing heart by-pass surgery. Many prominent data recovery facilities
have a large array of hardware, software and tools for recovering data.
a) black rocket right prominet
b) most magic right many
c) much heart by-pass data large
d) just tools necessary large
4.
If you have a hard drive that has crashed, the most important thing you can do is
contact a data recovery professional immediately. Make sure you arent being charged an evaluation fee if you have a standard IDE hard drive. Most companies only
charge evaluation fees for complex RAID and network server drives.
a) Se o disco rgido bateu veja a data que ocorreu e pague apenas a taxa de
Respostas
verificao se o seu modelo IDE.
1) b
b) Se voc tem um disco rgido quebrado faa uma avaliao e pea a ajuda de2) c
3) a
um profissional que trabalhe com a tecnologia RAID.
4) d
c) Se voc quer comprar um disco rgido pea a avaliao de um profissional
imediatamente que o ajudar a escolher entre os modelos IDE e RAID.
d) Se voc tem um disco rgido que quebrou chame um profissional. No seja
cobrado por uma taxa de avaliao se o seu modelo IDE.
Ingls Instrumental
unidade II
Falsos Cognatos
Ao ler um texto percebemos a importncia de reconhecer substantivos e verbos,
mas para que o entendimento do que est sendo lido possa ser mais refinado importante que busquemos o apoio de outras palavras no texto. Podemos perceber que
em qualquer tipo de texto que lemos em Ingls encontramos uma grande quantidade
de palavras que se assemelham ao portugus ou que foram incorporadas ao nosso
vocabulrio.
Ex. hambrguer e a palavra hamburger, tnis e a palavra Tennis shoes.
A presena de palavras semelhantes no Ingls muito comum nos textos. Faamos uma tentativa. Leia novamente o texto abaixo e selecione todas as palavras
parecidas com o portugus ou incorporadas na sua fala diria.
On the Web, navigation is rarely a life or death issue. However, getting lost in
a large web site can be confusing and frustrating. While a well-designed taxonomy
may reduce the chances that users will become lost, complementary navigation tools
are often needed to provide context and to allow for greater flexibility. Structure and
organization are about building rooms. Navigation design is about adding doors and
windows.
Rosenfeld, Louis & Morville, Perter. Information Architecture. pg. 106.
10
unidade II
Ingls Instrumental
Falsos Cognatos / Estratgias de leitura
Ingls Portugus
Actually (adv) - na verdade
Application (n) - inscrio
Argument (n) bate boca
Attend (v) - participar de
Comprehensive (adj) - amplo
Convenient (adj) prtico
Eventually (adv) finalmente
Intend (v) - pretender
Large (adj) - espaoso
Prejudice (n) preconceito
Pretend (v) fingir
Realize (v) - notar, perceber
Resume (v) - reiniciar
Service (n) atendimento
Support (v) apoiar
Portugus Ingls
Atualmente nowadays
Aplicao (financeira) investment
Argumento - reasoning, point
Atender - to help
Compreensivo understanding
Conveniente appropriate
Eventualmente occasionally
Entender understand
Largo wide
Prejuzo damage
Pretender - to intend
Realizar - to carry out, to accomplish
Resumir summarize
Servio job
Suportar / tolerar can stand
Leia o pargrafo abaixo, identifique seis falsos cognatos e confira as suas respostas.
This morning I had a very comprehensive discussion covering topics like site
redesigning and information architecture. I recorded everything since Id like to analyze all the points deeply. Eventually, we decided to set a new meeting since we had
realized that the material was not good enough. I intended to show my colleagues
how good my proposal was, but they pretended to be confused and asked for more
time. I know what they want a better idea of their own!
Conseguiu identificar os falsos cognatos? Vamos ento conferir as respostas.
Comprehensive, recorded, eventually, realized, intended e pretended.
11
Ingls Instrumental
Falsos Cognatos / Estratgias de leitura
unidade II
skimming
Leia o texto a seguir no menor espao de tempo possvel e sem recorrer ajuda
do dicionrio. O seu objetivo o de retirar a mensagem geral do texto, sem se preocupar com os detalhes. a necessidade inicial de saber o assunto do texto e o tipo
de informaes a serem coletadas posteriormente.
The sheer power of the Internet is its capacity to adapt. And since it has a lot
of public pathways, the cost of connection is very cheap. But this power and
decentralized ownership have led to Wild West days. The challenges you face
as a network expert include security attacks, flooding, network load, and rising
corporate costs. All challenges except for the corporate costs are technical in
nature. This means that you can typically address them with a technical solution...well, most of the time.
The first challenge is a very serious threat to everyone on the Net: security
attacks. The potential of taking an entire corporation down is very realthis
has never been a possibility until recently. One insurance company estimated
that if its network services were to fall to an attack, it would cost the company
about $10 billion in lost reputation and sales.
One of the difficulties in tracking any network perpetrator is due to the Internet
Protocols message passing. The Internet can handle routing of traffic quickly
and dynamically. To do this, you have to ignore where the message came from
and focus merely on the destination. This means that the message may be
coming from a location non grata such as a cracker or a spamster. Sure, some
organizations (such as the United States FBI and CIA) actually track and record the messages for analysis, but theyre less than inclined to make the logs
widely available.
Walton, Sean. Overcoming the Internet. In:
http://www.informit.com/articles/article.asp?p=
22077&seqNum=3&rl=1
12
Agora que voc leu o texto, pense por alguns segundos sobre a mensagem principal a ser retirada.
O que est sendo abordado neste texto?
unidade II
Ingls Instrumental
Falsos Cognatos / Estratgias de leitura
scanning
A idia geral do texto muito importante para termos o conhecimento geral
sobre o que est sendo tratado ou para identificar uma informao pontual. Mas, na
maioria das vezes precisamos nos aprofundar na leitura de modo que concluses ou
informaes especficas possam ser retiradas do texto. Para tal, utilizamos a tcnica
do scanning, atravs da qual, como um scanner, varremos o texto por inteiro.
Como varrer um texto?
Na varredura de um texto devemos nos ater s palavras que so importantes
para o sentido do texto ou para a informao que queremos buscar. Ao varrer o tex-
Ingls Instrumental
Falsos Cognatos / Estratgias de leitura
unidade II
unidade II
Ingls Instrumental
Falsos Cognatos / Estratgias de leitura
Ingls Instrumental
Falsos Cognatos / Estratgias de leitura
unidade II
unidade II
Ingls Instrumental
Falsos Cognatos / Estratgias de leitura
Exerccio
1) Releia o texto abaixo e assinale a alternativa que contenha, respectivamente,
02 falsos cognatos e 03 true friends (palavras que se assemelham ao portugus
The sheer power of the Internet is its capacity to adapt. And since it has a lot of
public pathways, the cost of connection is very cheap. But this power and decentralized ownership have led to Wild West days. The challenges you face as a network
expert include security attacks, flooding, network load, and rising corporate costs.
All challenges except for the corporate costs are technical in nature. This means that
you can typically address them with a technical solution...well, most of the time.
The first challenge is a very serious threat to everyone on the Net: security attacks. The potential of taking an entire corporation down is very realthis has never
been a possibility until recently. One insurance company estimated that if its network
services were to fall to an attack, it would cost the company about $10 billion in lost
reputation and sales.
One of the difficulties in tracking any network perpetrator is due to the Internet
Protocols message passing. The Internet can handle routing of traffic quickly and
dynamically. To do this, you have to ignore where the message came from and focus
merely on the destination. This means that the message may be coming from a location non grata such as a cracker or a spamster. Sure, some organizations (such as
the United States FBI and CIA) actually track and record the messages for analysis,
but theyre less than inclined to make the logs widely available.
Walton, Sean. Overcoming the Internet. In: http://www.informit.com/articles/article.asp?p=22077&seqNum=3&
rl=1
Ingls Instrumental
Falsos Cognatos / Estratgias de leitura
unidade II
Outlook email client stopped showing me the Subjectfield when I was composing
new email. As a result all of my email was going out without a subject. After a bit
of experimenting with wording the problem I found the answer by searching on the
phrase Outlook subject field missing.
Someone in an online discussion group had the same problem and the answer
was provided. When you find good discussions groups bookmark them for future use.
I have a bookmark I call Technical Support Help and its full of great web sites.
a) Seu problema no nico. Atravs do Google voc pode verificar a quantidade de pessoas que passam pelos mesmos problemas que voc.
b) Seu problema no nico. Utilize o Google e talvez voc consiga encontrar
uma soluo para o mesmo.
c) Use sempre o Google ao invs de procurar assistncia tcnica.
d) As salas de discusso online so melhores opes para encontrar respostas
do que a utilizao do google.
4. Releia os pargrafos abaixo e assinale a alternativa contenha informaes
corretas coletadas no texto.
Dont assume that your problem is unique. The chances are that someone else
has had that problem and it has already been solved. Google is a great place for
getting technical support help believe it or not. You may have to experiment with
wording your problem and refining your search, but its worth a try. For example, my
Outlook email client stopped showing me the Subjectfield when I was composing
new email. As a result all of my email was going out without a subject. After a bit
of experimenting with wording the problem I found the answer by searching on the
phrase Outlook subject field missing.
Someone in an online discussion group had the same problem and the answer
was provided. When you find good discussions groups bookmark them for future use.
I have a bookmark I call Technical Support Help and its full of great web sites.
a) O autor no acredita que o Google possa fornecer ajuda de suporte tcnico.
b) Ao usar o Google, voc poder ter problemas ao achar uma palavra que possa refinar a pesquisa.
c) Por causa da utilizao indevida do Google, o autor teve um problema no seu
Outlook.
d) O Google uma tima opo para se ter ajuda de suporte tcnico.
Respostas
1) C
2) D If this happens to you, dont
panic! Here are some simple tips
which may turn your frown upside
down
3) B
4) D
unidade III
Ingls Instrumental
uso de dicionrio / respondendo questes
O uso do dicionrio
Ler um texto significa desenvolver uma srie de habilidades e estratgias de
leitura. Vimos a importncia em analisar o texto, reconhecer as palavras similares
ao portugus, as palavras chaves do texto, possveis falsos cognatos e contexto que
permita previses. Utilizando-se todas essas estratgias fica bem mais fcil usar o
dicionrio.
Mas voc sabe como utilizar o dicionrio? Para um leitor desatento o dicionrio
pode ser catastrfico, e mudar completamente o sentido do texto.
Vejamos algumas boas dicas.
Os dicionrios so importantes instrumentos na hora da leitura de um texto. Mas
como utiliz-lo?
Primeiramente devemos nos familiarizar com as abreviaturas, que variam a depender do dicionrio, e que nos norteiam na identificao da classe gramatical que
estamos procurando. As abreviaturas mais comumente encontradas so:
abrev. abreviao
adj. adjetivo
conj conjuno
interj. interjeio
n noun ou s substantive
v verbo
phr v phrasal verb
prep preposio
pron pronome
C contvel
U no contvel
Antes de olharmos a traduo percebemos que os dicionrios trazem entre
barras a pronncia da palavra. Alguns dicionrios tentam mostrar a pronncia reproduzindo na escrita o som da palavra. Dicionrios Ingls/ingls trazem a pronncia
utilizando os caracteres que representam a fontica da palavra. Nosso objetivo no
o de estudar a fontica, ento passemos adiante.
Cada palavra pode trazer mais de uma traduo, e cada traduo vem com um
nmero diferente e com o smbolo da classe gramatical a qual pertence, cabe a ns
identificar o contexto e encontrar a definio apropriada.
Ao nos depararmos com a frase: I will book a room for our studies percebemos
que book no pode ser traduzido como livro. Vamos ento ao dicionrio?
Ingls Instrumental
unidade III
20
unidade III
Ingls Instrumental
uso de dicionrio / respondendo questes
diversos tipos de prova de ingls so objetivas, mas voc se deparar com uma
grande quantidade de questes objetivas tambm.
Qual a principal diferena entre os dispositivos de input e output?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
A resposta dessa pergunta pose ser bastante simples e direta. Veja:
The input devices are used to feed the computer with some information while the
output ones are used to take information we processed from computers.
Os dispositivos de input so utilizados para prover informaes ao computador,
enquanto que os dispositivos de output so usados para retirar do computador informaes processadas.
Finalizando o curso
Agora que terminamos o curso voc j pode se considerar preparado para ler
textos em ingls. A prtica sempre leva perfeio, dessa forma, procure sempre ler
textos tcnicos, de modo que voc possa aperfeioar seu ingls e se familiarizar com
os jarges de sua rea. No esquea de sempre tomar nota dos novos falsos cognatos aprendendidos, bem como os vocabulrios tcnicos que voc vai adquirindo.
Boa sorte nos seus estudos!
21
Ingls Instrumental
uso de dicionrio / respondendo questes
unidade III
Exerccio
Leia o texto abaixo e responda as perguntas que se seguem:
Why Firewall Protection?
Dial-up may not have seemed like it could have held any advantages, but it actually did have one upside. It is much less prone to hacking. Every time you dialed-in
your computer was assigned a new IP address. That unique IP address made you a
moving target that was more difficult for hackers to hit.
With a high-speed connection you are assigned a static IP address (it never
changes). So, your computer went from being a moving target to staying still with
a bulls-eye pasted on the side. That, coupled with the fact that with a high-speed
connection your computer is always online, are ideal conditions for a potential hacker
attack. That seemingly beneficial always-on connection gives hackers a 24/7 open
invitation to try and hack your system. Once inside they can access personal or financial details, compromise your computers operating system, or unleash a virus,
worm, or spyware.
Which Firewall Protection is Right For You?
Now that you know how vital it is to have firewall protection of your PC you have
to decide which firewall is right for you. Software or hardware.
A software firewall is designed to monitor your computers activity at all times.
Think of it as a bodyguard who wont let anyone into your computer if he doesnt like
the look of them. With a software firewall you may have to assist in protecting your
system. The firewall might alert you to certain activity and ask you if you want to
grant or deny permission. Its just like the bodyguard that was mentioned before. He
needs the okay before telling someone to scram. After you give either the thumbs up
or the thumbs down the firewall will take the appropriate action and remember your
reply so that you wont be asked in the future.
If you feel comfortable installing and configuring hardware, then you might want
to consider a hardware firewall in the form of a Cable/DSL router. The hardware
firewall handles everything on its own without any input from you and you also wont
have to read any reports or make any decisions. The firewall handles everything on
REsPOsTAs:
its own. Installation, however, can be tricky, so this option is definitely more suited to
1) Com a utilizao das conexes de
alta velocidade, os computadores fi- the advanced computer user.
cam mais tempo online, o que permite
My Firewall protection is Installed. Now Im Safe, Right?
aos hackers mais tempo para invadir o
sistema. Quebrada essa barreira, os
With your new firewall protection in place you are probably thinking that your
hackers podem acessar os dados pescomputer
is impenetrable, right? Well, maybe not. As important to the security of
soais e financeiros dos usurios.
2) O firewall em software monitora your system as a firewall is, some do have their limits. Most software firewalls wont
a atividade do computador todo o
tempo. Ele lhe alerta sobre um inva- scan your system for viruses that can harm your computer and there arent any harsor e lhe pergunta sobre uma possveldware firewalls on the market that offer virus protection. That means that you are
negao de permisso. O firewall no
formato de um hardware faz tudo por still vulnerable to attack.
conta prpria, sem a necessidade de
The best line of defence against viruses that can harm your system is anti-virus
deciso do dono. O nico problema
com a instalao, que pode ser
protection. You can either buy a separate anti-virus program or shop around for a sofcomplicada.
tware firewall with anti-virus protection built-in. You may never be able to make your
3) Mesmo com o firewall os computadores podem no estar seguros, computer 100% hacker-proof, but the installation of a firewall coupled with anti-virus
pois eles tm seus limites. A maioria
protection will greatly reduce your chances of becoming a hackers next victim.
dos firewalls em software no
vasculham seu sistema por vrus que Wallace, Heather. Burning Bridges is Bad, But Firewalls are Good. In: http://www.updatexp.com/firewall-protecdanificam o computador, e nenhum tion.html
firewall no formato de hardware
1. Qual a explicao dada pelo autor para a utilizao de firewalls
oferece proteo contra vrus.
22
Ingls Instrumental
FANESE