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Program Description:
"FRAME" is a spreadsheet program written in MS-Excel for the purpose of plane frame analysis of portal and gable
rigid plane frames subjected to various types of loading. Specifically, the "stiffness matrix" method of analysis is
used to determine the unknown joint displacements, support reactions, and member end forces. Individual frame
members are also analyzed to determine the shears and intermediate moments. Plots of both the shear and
moment diagrams are also produced. Also, the frame is drawn for visual confimation of geometry/configuration.
This program is a workbook consisting of three (3) worksheets, described as follows:
Worksheet Name
Description
Doc
Portal Frame
Gable Frame
Formulas Used to Determine FEM's and Shear and Moment in Individual Frame Members
For Uniform or Distributed Loads:
Loading functions for each uniform or distributed load evaluated at distance x = L from left end of member:
FvL = -wb*(L-b-(L-e)) + -1/2*(we-wb)/(e-b)*((L-b)^2-(L-e)^2)+(we-wb)*(L-e)
FmL = -wb/2*((L-b)^2-(L-e)^2) + -1/6*(we-wb)/(e-b)*((L-b)^3-(L-e)^3)+(we-wb)/2*(L-e)^2
FL = -wb/(6*E*I)*((L-b)^3-(L-e)^3) + -1/(24*E*I)*(we-wb)/(e-b)*((L-b)^4-(L-e)^4)+(we-wb)/(6*E*I)*(L-e)^3
FL = -wb/(24*E*I)*((L-b)^4-(L-e)^4) + -1/(120*E*I)*(we-wb)/(e-b)*((L-b)^5-(L-e)^5)+(we-wb)/(24*E*I)*(L-e)^4
Loading functions for each uniform or distributed load evaluated at distance = x from left end of member:
If x >= e:
Fvx = -wb*(x-b-(x-e)) + -1/2*(we-wb)/(e-b)*((x-b)^2-(x-e)^2)+(we-wb)*(x-e)
Fmx = -wb/2*((x-b)^2-(x-e)^2) + -1/6*(we-wb)/(e-b)*((x-b)^3-(x-e)^3)+(we-wb)/2*(x-e)^2
Fx = -wb/(6*E*I)*((x-b)^3-(x-e)^3) + -1/(24*E*I)*(we-wb)/(e-b)*((x-b)^4-(x-e)^4)+(we-wb)/(6*E*I)*(x-e)^3
Fx = -wb/(24*E*I)*((x-b)^4-(x-e)^4) + -1/(120*E*I)*(we-wb)/(e-b)*((x-b)^5-(x-e)^5)+(we-wb)/(24*E*I)*(x-e)^4
else if x >= b:
Fvx = -wb*(x-b) + -1/2*(we-wb)/(e-b)*(x-b)^2
else:
Fvx = 0
Fmx = -wb/2*(x-b)^2 + -1/6*(we-wb)/(e-b)*(x-b)^3-(x-e)^3
else:
Fmx = 0
Fx = -wb/(6*E*I)*(x-b)^3 + -1/(24*E*I)*(we-wb)/(e-b)*(x-b)^4
Fx = 0
else:
Fx = -wb/(24*E*I)*(x-b)^4 + -1/(120*E*I)*(we-wb)/(e-b)*(x-b)^5
Fx = 0
else:
For Point Loads:
Loading functions for each point load evaluated at distance x = L from left end of member:
FvL = -P
FmL = -P*(L-a)
FL = -P*(L-a)^2/(2*E*I)
FL = P*(L-a)^3/(6*E*I)
Loading functions for each point load evaluated at distance = x from left end of member:
If x > a:
Fvx = -P
else:
Fmx = -P*(x-a)
else:
Fx = -P*(x-a)^2/(2*E*I)
else:
Fx = P*(x-a)^3/(6*E*I)
else:
Fvx =
Fmx =
Fx =
Fx =
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(continued)
Formulas Used to Determine FEM's and Shear and Moment in Individual Frame Members (continued)
Initial summation values at left end (x = 0) for shear, moment, slope, and deflection:
Fixed beam:
Vo =
Mo =
o =
o =
o =
Simple beam:
Vo = -1/L*(FmL)
Mo = 0
o = 1/L*(FL)+L/(6*E*I)*(FmL)
0
Summations of shear, moment, slope, and deflection at distance = x from left end of member:
Shear:
Moment:
Slope:
Deflection:
Vx =
Mx =
x =
x =
Vo+(Fvx)
Mo+Vo*x+(Fmx)
o+Mo*x/(E*I)+Vo*x^2/(2*E*I)+(Fx)
-(o-o*x-Mo*x^2/(2*E*I)-Vo*x^3/(6*E*I)+(Fx)
Entire Frame
The effect of P- produces a secondary (second order) moment in a member which is equal to the axial
force in the member times the frame displacement of the member. This is commonly referred to as P-"Big" .
Long, slender columns of a frame are typically the frame members most sensitive to the effects of P-.
Determining secondary shears:
Setting the P- secondary moment equal to the moment (couple) due to secondary shears applied at the
ends of the column, produces the following expression:
P*=V*L
Then, solving for the secondary shears, V, results in the following:
V=P*/L
The steps to account for the effects of P- in the columns of a frame are as follows:
1. Solve the problem for the original applied loads.
2. Calculate the secondary shears for each column.
3. Add (superimpose) the secondary shears to the original loads and re-calculate the results.
4. Compare the new displacements of the latest results to the results obtained from the previous calculation.
5. If the new displacements vary only very small amount (convergence tolerance) from the previous displacements,
then the solution has converged.
6. If not, then return to Step 2, repeating (iterating) the process as required.
Notes:
1. Compression in a column will result in P- tending to de-stabilize the column by increasing the
moment, while tension in a column will result in P- tending to stabilize (straighten) the column by
reducing the moment. (See illustration above at right.)
2. P- effects can be reduced and controlled by using heavier members and/or a stiffer frame.
3. P- refers to the effects of the axial load in a member subject to deflection (curvature) between its ends.
This is commonly referred to as P-"Little" , and is not addressed by procedure above.
"FRAME.xls" Program
Version 1.1
CALCULATIONS:
Subject:
Originator:
Checker:
Results:
###
###
Input Data:
Support Reactions:
Joint Coordinates:
Joint No.
1
4
14.0000
Support Constraints:
12.0000
10.0000
Condition
Pinned
Pinned
8.0000
6.0000
2.0000
0.0000
0.0000
5.0000
10.0000 (ft.)
15.0000
X-axis
20.0000
25.0000
E (ksi)
29000
29000
29000
A (in.^2)
20.0
11.8
20.0
I (in.^4)
723.0
612.0
723.0
L (ft.)
13.0000
26.0768
15.0000
Py (kips)
Member Loads:
W44x198
W40x593
Axial (k)
11.41
-11.41
5.36
-3.36
14.66
-14.66
Member No.
b (ft.)
1 (X)
2 (Y)
2 (Axial)
2 (X)
2 (Axial)
3 (X)
c/L
e/L
Member No.
1
b/L
a/L
P
we
wb
Px (kips)
W44x230
Point Loads:
W40x331
y
1.0000
0.0767
1.0000
Joint Loads:
Joint No.
1
2
3
4
Mz (ft-k)
0.00
0.00
W40x372
30.0000
Ry (kips)
11.41
14.66
4.0000
Joint No.
1
4
Rx (kips)
1.25
-4.50
Distributed Loads:
y (ft.)
0.0000
13.0000
15.0000
0.0000
x (ft.)
0.0000
0.0000
26.0000
26.0000
Y-axis (ft.)
Joint No.
1
2
3
4
###
Y-Projected
16.0000
Mz (ft-k)
x or y
3.25
+M or -M
+M(max)
-M(max)
+M(max)
-M(max)
+M(max)
-M(max)
M (ft-k)
0.00
-16.28
44.78
-67.53
67.53
0.00
x or y (ft.)
0.00
13.00
11.07
26.08
15.00
0.00
z (deg.)
-0.0988
-0.1404
0.0365
-0.1629
Member No.
a (ft.)
1 (X)
2 (Y)
2 (Axial)
2 (X)
2 (Axial)
3 (X)
Joint Displacements:
W40x268
Joint No.
1
2
3
4
x (in.)
0.0000
0.3068
0.3029
0.0000
y (in.)
0.0000
-0.0031
-0.0046
0.0000
Distributed Load #4
wb (k/ft.)
e/L
we (k/ft.)
b/L
Member Loads:
Applied Moments:
W40x249
Member No.
c (ft.)
###
###
###
Distributed Loads:
W40x199
No.
1
2
2
3
Member
Load Direct.
X-Global
Y-Global
X-Projected
X-Global
b/L
0.0000
Distributed Load #1
wb (k/ft.)
e/L
-1.0000
1.0000
we (k/ft.)
b/L
Distributed Load #2
wb (k/ft.)
e/L
we (k/ft.)
b/L
Distributed Load #3
wb (k/ft.)
e/L
we (k/ft.)
b/L
Distributed Load #5
wb (k/ft.)
e/L
-1.0000
W40x192
we (k/ft.)
Point Loads:
Member
No. Load Direct.
1
X-Global
2
Y-Global
2
X-Global
3
X-Global
Point Load #1
P (kips)
a/L
Point Load #2
P (kips)
a/L
Point Load #3
P (kips)
a/L
Point Load #4
P (kips)
a/L
Point Load #5
P (kips)
a/L
Point Load #6
P (kips)
a/L
Point Load #7
P (kips)
a/L
Point Load #8
P (kips)
a/L
Point Load #9
P (kips)
a/L
) Axial(L):
) Axial(R):
Applied Moments:
Member No.
Moment #1
M (ft-kips)
c/L
Moment #2
M (ft-kips)
c/L
Moment #3
M (ft-kips)
c/L
Moment #4
M (ft-kips)
c/L
1
2
3
Member #1:
###
###
k' 1 =
###
###
###
W36x160
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"FRAME.xls" Program
Version 1.1
CALCULATIONS:
Results:
Subject:
Originator:
Checker:
###
Joint No.
1
5
Input Data:
16.0000
Joint Coordinates:
Condition
Pinned
Pinned
10.0000
4
4
4
8.0000
6.0000
0.0000
0.0000
5.0000
10.0000(ft.)
15.0000 20.0000 25.0000 30.0000
X-axis
A (in.^2)
20.0
11.8
11.8
20.0
I (in.^4)
723.0
612.0
612.0
723.0
L (ft.)
13.0000
13.1529
13.1529
13.0000
x
0.0000
0.9884
0.9884
0.0000
c/L
e/L
y
1.0000
0.1521
-0.1521
1.0000
b/L
a/L
P
we
wb
Joint Loads:
Joint No.
1
2
3
4
5
Px (kips)
Py (kips)
###
W44x224
Axial (k)
11.53
-11.53
6.55
-4.55
5.05
-7.05
14.78
-14.78
W40x655
Distributed Loads:
W40x531
Member No.
b (ft.)
1 (X)
2 (Y)
2 (Axial)
2 (X)
2 (Axial)
3 (Y)
3 (Axial)
3 (X)
3 (Axial)
4 (X)
E (ksi)
29000
29000
29000
29000
###
###
Member Loads:
12.0000
2.0000
Joint No.
1
5
Mz (ft-k)
0.00
0.00
W44x230
4.0000
Support Constraints:
Ry (kips)
11.53
14.78
y (ft.)
0.0000
13.0000
15.0000
13.0000
0.0000
Y-axis (ft.)
x (ft.)
0.0000
0.0000
13.0000
26.0000
26.0000
Rx (kips)
1.61
-4.86
14.0000
Joint No.
1
2
3
4
5
Support Reactions:
x or y
Mz (ft-k)
+M or -M
+M(max)
-M(max)
+M(max)
-M(max)
+M(max)
-M(max)
+M(max)
-M(max)
M (ft-k)
0.00
-20.89
36.55
-20.89
33.77
-63.14
63.14
0.00
x or y (ft.)
0.00
13.00
10.78
0.00
0.00
13.15
13.00
0.00
y (in.)
0.0000
-0.0031
-0.1934
-0.0040
0.0000
z (deg.)
-0.05170
-0.10513
0.02136
0.01869
-0.14281
W40x324
Point Loads:
W40x298
Member No.
a (ft.)
1 (X)
2 (Y)
2 (Axial)
2 (X)
2 (Axial)
3 (Y)
3 (Axial)
3 (X)
3 (Axial)
4 (X)
Joint Displacements:
3.25
Note: Point loads or moments at member
ends must be input as joint loads.
Joint No.
1
2
3
4
5
Member Loads:
x (in.)
0.0000
0.1893
0.2159
0.2423
0.0000
Distributed Loads:
W40x192
Applied Moments:
Member
No. Load Direct.
1
X-Global
2
Y-Global
2
X-Projected
3
Y-Global
3
X-Projected
4
X-Global
b/L
Distributed Load #1
wb (k/ft.)
e/L
we (k/ft.)
0.0000
-1.0000
1.0000
-1.0000
0.0000
-1.0000
1.0000
-1.0000
b/L
Distributed Load #2
wb (k/ft.)
e/L
we (k/ft.)
b/L
Distributed Load #3
wb (k/ft.)
e/L
we (k/ft.)
b/L
Distributed Load #4
wb (k/ft.)
e/L
we (k/ft.)
b/L
Distributed Load #5
wb (k/ft.)
e/L
W40x174
we (k/ft.)
Member No.
c (ft.)
###
###
###
###
W36x588
W36x527
Point Loads:
No.
1
2
2
3
3
4
Member
Load Direct.
Point Load #1
P (kips)
a/L
Point Load #2
P (kips)
a/L
Point Load #3
P (kips)
a/L
Point Load #4
P (kips)
a/L
Point Load #5
P (kips)
a/L
X-Global
Y-Global
X-Global
Y-Global
X-Global
X-Global
Point Load #6
P (kips)
a/L
Point Load #7
P (kips)
a/L
Point Load #8
P (kips)
a/L
Point Load #9
P (kips)
a/L
Applied Moments:
Member No.
Moment #1
M (ft-kips)
c/L
Moment #2
M (ft-kips)
c/L
Moment #3
M (ft-kips)
c/L
Moment #4
M (ft-kips)
c/L
1
2
3
4
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