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CHAPTER
12
1. (a) d
(b) d
(d) d
(e) d
=
=
=
=
Progressions
3
2
1
0.2
(b) a = 2, d = 0 (2)
=2
2. (a) d = 5 2
=3
T51 = a + 50d
= 2 + 50(2)
= 98
(c) a = 1, d = 5 (1)
= 4
x = 2 3
= 1
T51 = a + 50d
= 1 + 50(4)
= 201
y = 8 + 3
= 11
1
1
1
(d) a = , d =
2
2
2
= 1
(b) d = 5 (1)
= 4
x = 1 (4)
= 3
T51 = a + 50d
1
= + 50(1)
2
1
= 50
2
1
= 49
2
y = 9 + (4)
= 13
1
(c) d = 1
2
1
=
2
1
1
x =
2
2
= 0
4. (a) a = 2, d = 6 2
=4
Tn = 86
a + (n 1)d = 86
2 + (n 1)(4) = 86
(n 1)(4) = 84
n 1 = 21
n = 22
1
3
y = +
2
2
= 2
(d) d = 0.2 0.4
= 0.2
(x + 0.1) d = 0
x + 0.1 + 0.2 = 0
x = 0.3
(b) a = 1, d = 3 (1)
= 2
Tn = 61
a + (n 1)d = 61
1 +(n 1)(2) = 61
60
n 1 =
2
= 30
n = 31
3. (a) a = 5, d = 8 5
=3
T51 = a + 50d
= 5 + 50(3)
= 155
(c) a = x, d = (x + 2) x
=2
10
9
= [2(10) + 1] [2(9) + 1]
2
2
= 105 85.5
= 19.5
Tn = x + 50
a + (n 1)d = x + 50
x + (n 1)(2) = x + 50
50
n 1 =
2
= 25
n = 26
(d) Tm 2 = Sm 2 Sm 3
m 3 [2(m 3) + 1]
m 2 [2(m 2) + 1]
=
2
2
m
3
m
(2m 5)
(2m 3)
=
2
2
(m 2)(2m 3) (m 3)(2m 5)
=
2
2
(m 2)(2m 3) (m 3)(2m 5)
=
2
(2m2 7m + 6) (2m2 11m + 15)
=
2
4m 9
=
2
5. (a) a = 7, d = 10 7
=3
n
S20 = [2a + (n 1)d]
2
20
= [2(7) + (20 1)3]
2
= 710
(b) a = 5, d = 7 (5)
= 2
7. (a) a = 2, d = 4
20
S20 = [2(5) + (20 1)(2)]
2
= 10(10 38)
= 480
T6 = a + 5d
= 2 + 5(4)
= 22
T19 = a + 18d
= 2 + 18(4)
= 74
(c) a = 1, d = 1.5 1
= 0.5
20
S20 = [2(1) + (20 1)(0.5)]
2
= 10(11.5)
= 115
1
3
1
(d) a = , d =
4
4
4
1
=
2
(b) a = 5, d = 3 (5)
=2
T6 = a + 5d
= 5 + 5(2)
= 5
20
1
1
S20 = 2 + (20 1)
2
4
2
= 100
31 2
1 24
1
6. (a) T1 = S1 = [2(1) + 1]
2
3
=
2
(b) T2 = S2 S1
2
3
= [2(2) + 1]
2
2
3
= 5
2
7
=
2
(c) a = 8, d = 5 8
= 3
n
Sn = [2a + (n 1)d]
2
19
S19 = [2 8 + (19 1)(3)]
2
= 361
5
S5 = [2 8 + (5 1)(3)]
2
= 10
(b) a = 21, d = 18 21
= 3
13
S13 = [2(21) + (13 1)(3)]
2
13
= (6)
2
= 39
8. (a) a = 3, d = 8 3
=5
20
S20 = [2(3) + (20 1)(5)]
2
= 10(101)
= 1010
S3 = 21 + 18 + 15
= 54
Sum of 10 terms = 39 54
= 15
4
S4 = [2(3) + (4 1)(5)]
2
= 2(21)
= 42
(c) a = 8, d = 6 (8)
=2
14
S14 = [2(8) + (14 1)(2)]
2
= 70
(b) a = 10, d = 6 10
= 4
Sum of 10 terms = 70 (20)
= 90
20
S20 = [2(10) + (20 1)(4)]
2
= 560
10. (a) d = 5 3
= 2
T11 =
a + 10d =
a + 10(2) =
a =
4
S4 = [2(10) + (4 1)(4)]
2
= 16
10
S10 = [2(17) + (10 1)(2)]
2
= 80
(c) a = 9, d = 6 (9)
=3
(b) d = 4 (1)
= 3
T11 = 1
a + 10d = 1
a + 10(3) = 1
a = 29
20
S20 = [2(9) + (20 1)(3)]
2
=
390
4
S4 = [2(9) + (4 1)(3)]
2
= 18
3
3
3
17
10
S10 = [2(29) + (10 1)(3)]
2
= 5(31)
= 155
9. (a) a = 15, d = 19 15
=4
14
S14 = [2(15) + (14 1)(4)]
2
= 574
10
S10 = [2(8) + (10 1)(4)]
2
= 5(20)
= 100
4
S4 = [2(15) + (4 1)(4)]
2
= 84
Sum of 10 terms = 574 84
= 490
3
(b) a = 18, d = 12 18
= 6
Substitute d = 2 into 1,
a 2 = 7
a = 5
10
S10 = [2(18) + (10 1)(6)]
2
= 90
n
S20 = [2a + (n 1)d]
2
20
= [2(5) + (20 1)(2)]
2
= 480
10
S10 = [2(1.0) + (10 1)(0.4)]
2
= 28
15. (a) T3 = 14
a + 2d = 14.................................. 1
S10 = 185
10
[2a + (10 1)d] = 185
2
2a + 9d = 37............. 2
12. a = 2, d = 3
Sn = 155
n
[2a + (n 1)d] = 155
2
n
[2(2) + (n 1)3] = 155
2
n
(4 + 3n 3) = 155
2
n
(1 + 3n) = 155
2
n + 3n2 = 310
3n2 + n 310 = 0
(3n + 31)(n 10) = 0
31
n = , 10
3
1 9, 9a + 18d = 126...................... 3
2 2, 4a + 18d = 74........................ 4
3 4, 5a = 52
52
a =
5
2
= 10
5
52
(b) Substitute a = into 1,
5
52
+ 2d = 14
5
52
2d = 14
5
18
=
5
9
d =
5
13. a = 5, Tn = 25
5 + (n 1)d = 25
(n 1)d = 30............................... 1
Sn =
n
[2(5) + (n 1)d] =
2
n[10 + (n 1)d] =
10n + (n 1)dn =
50
50
100
100.................. 2
1 2
Substitute 1 into 2,
10n + 30n = 100
20n = 100
n = 5
16. a = 1, d = 2
Sn =
n
[2a + (n 1)d] =
2
n
[2(1) + (n 1)(2)] =
2
n(2 + 2n 2) =
2n2 =
n2 =
n =
14. T2 = 7
a + d = 7............................................ 1
T7 = 17
a + 6d = 17........................................ 2
2 1, 5d = 10
d = 2
400
400
400
800
800
400
20
5
Tn =
128
5
arn 1 =
128
5
1 n1
=
10
128
2
1
1 n1
=
256
2
1 8
=
2
n 1 = 8
n = 9
17. a = p, d = 2
T6 = 140
a + 5d =
p + 5(2) =
p =
=
140
140
140 + 10
150
1 2
1 2
18. a = 50, d = 2
1 2
Tn = 0
a + (n 1)d = 0
50 + (n 1)(2) = 0
n 1 = 25
n = 26
6
(b) a = 2, r =
2
=3
Tn = 4374
ar = 4374
(2)(3)n 1 = 4374
3n 1 = 2187
= 37
n 1 = 7
n = 8
n1
19. (a) r = 3
1
(b) r =
2
1
8
20. (a) a = , r =
2
2
=4
T6 = ar5
1
= (4)5
2
= 512
14
22. (a) a = 7, r =
7
=2
rn 1
Sn = a
r1
10
2
1
S10 = 7
21
= 7161
4
(b) a = 8, r =
8
1
=
2
T6 = ar5
1 5
= (8)
2
1
=
4
2
(b) a = 4, r =
4
1
=
2
1 2
1 rn
S10 = a
1r
1.2
(c) a = 0.6, r =
0.6
= 2
T6 = ar5
= 0.6 (2)5
= 19.2
5
21. (a) a = 10, r =
10
1
=
2
1 10
1
2
= (4)
1
1
2
1
= 8 1
2
1 2
10
3 1 24
127
= 7
128
5
27. a = 10, r =
10
1
=
2
24
23. a = 8, r =
8
=3
2 1
155
Sn =
8
155
1 rn
a =
8
1r
1 n
1
155
2
10 =
8
1
1
2
1
24. a = 1, r =
2
24 3
2
1
= 1
3
2
21
=
256
3 1
24
2
1
1
3
2
3 1
24
24
155
112 2 = 1
160
n
9
28. (a) a = 18, r =
18
1
=
2
a
S =
1r
18
=
1
1
2
= 36
4
(b) a = 12, r =
12
1
=
3
10
26. a = 5, r =
5
= 2
a
S =
1r
12
=
1
1
3
3
= 12
2
= 18
Sn = 155
rn 1
a = 155
r1
2n 1
5 = 155
21
2n 1 = 31
2n = 32
= 25
n = 5
1 2
1 2
155
1 n
1 =
160
2
1
=
2
n = 5
5
a =
27
5
=
128
5
=
160
1
=
32
ar7 = 5
a(2)7 = 5
155
3 1 2 4 =
8
10
25. r =
5
= 2
T8 = 5
1 2
1
20 1
2
1 9
1 3
1
1
2
2
S9 S3 = 1 1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1 2
29. a = 10, S = 20
a
= 20
1r
10
= 20
1r
1
1 r =
2
1
r = 1
2
1
=
2
34.
T2 = 10
ar = 10................................................. 1
T5 = 80
ar 4 = 80............................................... 2
80
2 ar4
=
,
10
1 ar
r3 = 8
r = 2
Substitute r = 2 into 1,
a=5
T3 = ar2
= 5 (2)2
= 20
1
30. r = , S = 40
3
a
= 40
1r
a
= 40
1
1
3
2
a = 40
3
80
=
3
35. T2 + T3 = 15
ar + ar2 = 15
a(r + r2) = 15..................................... 1
a = 20................................................. 2
Substitute 2 into 1,
20(r + r2) = 15
3
r + r2 =
4
4r2 + 4r 3 = 0
(2r 1)(2r + 3) = 0
1
3
r = ,
2
2
1
Since r > 0, then r = .
2
p
2p
=
p
1
p2 = 2 p
p2 + p 2 = 0
(p + 2)(p 1) = 0
p = 2, 1
31. (a)
36. (a) S = 16
a
= 16
1r
a = 16(1 r) ....................... 1
p
(b) r =
1
2
=
1
= 2
T2 = 4
ar = 4........................................... 2
Substitute 1 into 2,
16(1 r)(r) = 4
16r 16r2 = 4
16r2 16r + 4 = 0
4r2 4r + 1 = 0
(2r 1)2 = 0
1
r =
2
1
Substitute r = into 1,
2
1
a = 16 1
2
= 8
32. 1, 2, 4,
a = 1, r = 2
rn 1
S20 = a
r1
220 1
= 1
21
= 1 048 575
1
1
2
2
33. 2, 6, 18,
a = 2, r = 3
310 1
S10 = 2
31
= RM59 048
1
Therefore, the common ratio = and the first
2
term = 8.
(b) T5 = ar4
1
= 8
2
1
=
2
(2k 9) (k 2)
(18 9) (9 2)
97
2
n
S10 = [2a + (n 1)d]
2
10
= [2(7) + (10 1)(2)]
2
= 5(32)
= 160
d =
=
=
=
1 2
22
Area of 1st circle
Area of the 3rd circle
82 = 4
=
nd
42
Area of the 2 circle
4. (a) a = 4
d = 6 (4)
= 2
4
=2
2
= 27 m
(b) S34 S4
34
4
[2(4) + (34 1)(2)] [2(4)
=
2
2
+ (4 1)(2)]
= 17(74) 2(14)
= 1230
1 2
Area of the 7th circle = R2
= (214)
= 16 384 m2
5.
T3 = 1 + 3m
a + 2d = 1 + 3m
a + 2(3) = 1 + 3m
a = 3m 5................................ 1
S5 = 5m + 4
5
(2a + 4d) = 5m + 4
2
5a + 10d = 5m + 4
5a + 10(3) = 5m + 4
5a = 5m 26......................... 2
1. d = (5) (8)
=3
S4 = 96
n
[2a + (n 1)d] = 96
2
4
[2a + (4 1)3] = 96
2
2a + 9 = 48
2a = 39
39
a =
2
Substitute 1 into 2,
5(3m 5) = 5m 26
15m 25 = 5m 26
15m 5m = 26 + 25
10m = 1
1
m =
10
6. Let
Sn . 0
n
[2a + (n 1)d] . 0,
2
where a = 51 and d = 3
n
[2(51) + (n 1)(3)] 0
2
n
(102 + 3n 3) 0
2
n
(3n 105) 0
2
3
n(n 35) 0
2
2. p 2 = q p
2p q = 2
3. (a) (2k 9) (k 2) = (k + 2) (2k 9)
2k 9 k + 2 = k + 2 2k + 9
k 7 = k + 11
2k = 18
k = 9
(b) a = k 2
= 9 2
= 7
1
(b) Substitute r = into 1,
2
3
a =
1
2
= 6
a
S =
1r
6
=
1
1
2
= 12
35
n 0, n 35
11. (a) T2 = 1
ar = 1............................................ 1
T3 + T4 = 2
ar2 + ar3 = 2
ar(r + r2) = 2................................ 2
Substitute 1 into 2,
1(r + r2) = 2
r + r2 = 2
r2 + r 2 = 0
(r + 2)(r 1) = 0
r = 2, 1
Since r , 0, then r = 2.
12
9. (a) a = 3, r =
3
=4
Common ratio = 4
Substitute r = 2 into 1,
a(2) = 1
1
a =
2
(b)
Sn = 65 535
rn 1
a = 65 535
r1
4n 1
3 = 65 535
41
4n = 65 536
= 48
n = 8
1
1
2
2
1 rn
(b) S10 = a
1r
1 1 (2)10
=
2 1 (2)
1
= [1 (2)10]
6
1023
=
6
= 170.5
10. (a) T2 = 3
ar = 3.......................................... 1
3
T4 =
4
3
3
ar = ........................................ 2
4
3
4
2 ar3
=
,
3
1 ar
1
2
r =
4
1
r =
2
1
Since r . 0, then r = .
2
12. (a) 1, 3, 5
a = 1, d = 2
Tn = 401
a + (n 1)d = 401
1 + (n 1)(2) = 401
400
(n 1) =
2
n = 201
Tn = arn 1
13
4 n1
3 = 36
81
9
256
4 n1
= 36
81
9
64
4 n1
=
729
9
4 3
4 n1
=
9
9
n 1 = 3
n = 4
n
(b) Sn = [2a + (n 1)d]
2
201
S201 = [2 1 + (200)2]
2
201
=
(402)
2
= 201 201
= 40 401
13. (a)
1st
2nd
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2 1 2
3rd
2
x
3
4
x
9
2
y
3
4
y
9
16
xy
A3
81
=
4
A2
xy
9
16
9
=
81
4
4
=
9
and
S12 = 2520
n
[2a + (n 1)d] = 2520
2
12
(2x + 11y) = 2520
2
2x + 11y = 420.............. 2
2 3, y = 20
Substitute y = 20 into 1,
x + 5(20) = 200
x = 100
4
A2 = xy
9
4
= 36
9
= 16
16
A3 = xy
81
16
= 36
81
1
= 7
9
1 2, 2x + 10y = 400............... 3
10
1
10x
15. (a) =
20x
2
1
5x
=
10x
2
Therefore, it is a geometric progression.
97
S97 = (7 + 199)
2
= 9991
3. (3 x) (20) = 16 (3 x)
3 x + 20 = 16 + 3 + x
17 x = 13 + x
2x = 30
x = 15
4.
x 2x2 = (3x 10) x
x 2x2 = 2x 10
2x2 + x 10 = 0
(2x + 5)(x 2) = 0
5
x = , x = 2
2
Since x . 0, then x = 2.
5. Tn = 15 3n
a = T1
= 15 3(1)
= 12
(b) Given k = 3, h = 7 3
3
= 6
T10 = 15 3(10)
= 15
h + k = 6 + 3
= 9
n
Sn = (a + l)
2
10
S10 = [12 + (15)]
2
= 5(3)
= 15
Common difference = 10 9
=1
1. (a) a = 24, d = 4
T10 = a + 9d
= 24 + 9(4)
= 12
6. 2y + 3 2x =
=
2y + 3 2x =
3y 2y =
y =
30
(b) S30 = [2(24) + (30 1)(4)]
2
= 15(68)
= 1020
5y + 1 (2y + 3)
5y + 1 2y 3
3y 2
3 2x + 2
5 2x
1
= (2)9
2
= 256
2. 7, 9, 11, , 199
a = 7, d = 2
Tn = 199
a + (n 1)d = 199
7 + (n 1)2 = 199
192
n 1 =
2
= 96
n = 97
1 rn
(b) S10 = a
1r
1 1 (2)10
=
1 (2)
2
1
= 170
2
11
23
1
r =
3
S = 30
a
= 30
1r
a
= 30
1
1
3
a
= 30
2
1
13. = 0.0833333
t
= 0.08 + 0.003 + 0.0003 + 0.00003 +
a
= 0.08 +
1r
0.003
= 0.08 +
1 0.1
0.003
= 0.08 +
0.9
1
=
12
t = 12
8.
2
a = 30
3
= 20
14. 0.090909...
= 0.09 + 0.0009 + 0.000009 +
a
=
1r
0.09
=
1 0.01
1
=
11
x
2
9. =
x
2
x2 = 1
x = 1
Since x . 0, then x = 1.
1
15. = 0.166666
p
= 0.1 + 0.06 + 0.006 + 0.0006 +
a
= 0.1 +
1r
0.06
= 0.1 +
1 0.1
0.06
= 0.1 +
0.9
1
=
6
Therefore, a = 0.06, b = 0.006 and p = 6.
10.
Tn = 729
n1
ar = 729
1
(3)n 1 = 729
3
(3)n 1 = 2187
= (3)7
n 1 = 7
n = 8
4
4
16. (a) p = q + 4 + + +
5
25
4
5
r =
4
1
=
5
4
1
=
q
5
q = 20
7x + 27
5x 3 =
x
5x 3
(5x 3)2 = 7x2 + 27x
25x2 30x + 9 = 7x2 + 27x
18x2 57x + 9 = 0
(18x 3)(x 3) = 0
3
x = , 3
18
11.
1
(b) a = 20, r =
5
p = S
a
=
1r
20
=
1
1
5
5
= 20
4
= 25
2
12. a = 4, r =
4
1
=
2
a
S =
1r
4
=
1
1
2
=8
12
17.
T1 + T2 = 28
a + ar = 28
a(1 + r) = 28........................................ 1
T2 + T3 = 14
ar + ar2 = 14
a(r + r2) = 14..................................... 2
2 1, d = 3
14
2 a(r + r2)
, =
28
1 a(1 + r)
1
r(1 + r)
=
2
1+r
1
r =
2
Substitute d = 3 into 1,
2a + 19(3) = 57
2a = 57 57
a = 0
T10 = a + 9d
= 0 + 9(3)
= 27
1
Substitute r = into 1,
2
1
a 1 = 28
2
a = 28 2
= 56
1 r6
S6 = a
1r
x
x2
=
2x + 3
x
x2 = (x 2)(2x + 3)
= 2x2 x 6
x2 x 6 = 0
(x 3)(x + 2) = 0
x = 3, 2
21.
1 6
1
2
= 56
1
1
2
1 6
1
2
= 56
3
2
= 36.75
3
3
4
2
4
3
1
When x = 3, the sequence is 9, 3, 1 and r = =
9
3
When x = 2, the sequence is 1, 2, 4 and
2
r = = 2
1
Since 1 , r , 1 for S to exist,
1
then r = .
3
a
S =
1r
18. Sn = n(6 n)
(a) T3 = S3 S2
= 3(6 3) 2(6 2)
= 9 8
= 1
(b)
9
=
1
1
3
9
=
2
S10 S5
= 10(6 10) 5(6 5)
= 40 5
= 45
3
=9
2
27
=
2
S20 = 570
20
[2a + (20 1)d] = 570
2
2a + 19d = 57.................................1
13
(b)
S4 = 22
4
[2(1) + (4 1)d] = 22
2
2 + 3d = 11
3d = 9
d = 3
T10 = 23
a + 9d = 23......................... 2
Tn = 0
a + (n 1)d = 0
2 + (n 1)(0.2) = 0
2 1, 4d = 8
d = 2
2
n 1 =
0.2
= 10
n = 11
Time taken is 11 seconds.
Substitute d = 2 into 1,
a + 10 = 15
a = 5
15
(ii)
S15 = [2(5) + (15 1)(2)]
2
15
= (38)
2
= 285
11
(b) S11 = [2(2) + 10(0.2)]
2
11
= (4 2)
2
= 11 cm
(b)
Tn = 405
a + (n 1)d = 405
5 + (n 1)(2) = 405
(n 1)(2) = 400
n 1 = 200
n = 201
Since n is an integer, this shows that 405 is a term
in the progression.
1
(b) A1 = 2 (2 + 4)
2
= 6
T20 = a + 19d
= 98 + 19(2)
= 60 cm
1
A2 = 2 (4 + 6)
2
=
10
14
1
A3 = 2 (6 + 8)
2
= 14
The longest part = T10
= a + 9d
= 2 + 9(3)
= 29
a = 6, d = 4
10
5
(b) S10 S5 = [2(2) + 9(3)] [2(2) + 4(3)]
2
2
5
= 5(31) (16)
2
= 115
2 ar2
16
, =
x2
1 ar
x2
r =
16
T10 = ar9
= 2(3)9
= 39 366
The value of the 10th term
= 39 3662
= 1 549 681 956
(b) (i) 4x x = 3x
7x 4x = 3x
Therefore, the indices form an arithmetic
progression.
x2
x2
(ii)
r = = 1 or r = = 0
16
16
x2 = 16
x = 0
x = 4
Therefore, the values of x are 0, 4, 4.
(ii)
a = x, d = 3x
10
S10 = [2x + 9(3x)]
2
= 5(2x + 27x)
= 145x
10
32. a = 5, r =
5
= 2
(ii) When x = 2,
x + 5 = 7
5x = 10
8x 3 = 13
\ d = 3
Sn . 1000
rn 1 . 1000
a
r1
n
2
1 . 1000
5
21
2n 1 . 200
2n . 201
log10 2n . log10 201
n log10 2 . log10 201
log10 201
n .
log10 2
n . 7.65
Therefore, the least number of n = 8.
1
1
a = T4
= 13 + 3
= 16
10
S10 = [2(16) + 9(3)]
2
= 5(32 + 27)
= 5(59)
= 295
30. (a) a = T1 = 2
n = 10
S10 = 155
10
[2(2) + 9d] = 155
2
4 + 9d = 31
9d = 27
d = 3
2
2
15
3n 1
3 . 500
31
2
3n 1 . 500
3
1000
n
3 . + 1
3
1003
3n .
3
1003
n
log10 3 . log10
3
1003
n log10 3 . log10
3
1. a = 121
d = 116 121
= 5
1
a . 1 000 000
r1
n
2
1
200 . 1 000 000
21
2n 1 . 5000
2n . 5001
n log10 2 . log10 5001
Let
Tn ,
a + (n 1)d ,
121 + (n 1)(5) ,
(n 1)(5) ,
0
0
0
121
121
n 1 .
5
121
n . + 1
5
n . 25.2
Therefore, the first negative term is 26th term.
log10 5001
n .
log10 2
n . 12.29
2 1, 6d = 24
d = 4
Substitute d = 4 into 1,
a + (3 4) = 10
a = 2
Let
Tn =
a + (n 1)d =
2 + (n 1)(4) =
(n 1)(4) =
n 1 =
n =
Sn . 500
306
306
306
308
77
78
r 1
a . 500
r1
T10 = 34
a + 9d = 34.............................2
3. 3, 9, 27,
a = 3, r = 3
5. T4 = 10
a + 3d = 10.............................1
[2(8) + 96 2]
S97 =
2
= 10 088
Let
Tn = 200
a + (n 1)d = 200
8 + (n 1)(2) = 200
(n 1)(2) = 200 8
192
n 1 =
2
= 96
n = 97
Let
16
6. Circumferences:
2pr, 2p(r + 1), 2p(r + 2),
p
p
p
(c) 10 , 13 , 16 , are the arc lengths
4
4
4
5p
10p
of the sectors in A.P. where a = = and
2
4
3p
d = .
4
The sum of the first 20 arc lengths
n
= [2a + (n 1)d]
2
20
5
3p
= 2 p + 19
4
2
2
57
= 10 5p + p
4
77
= 10 p
4
385
= p cm
2
1 2
T2 T1 = 2p(r + 1) 2pr
= 2p
T3 T2 = 2p(r + 2) 2p(r + 1)
= 2pr + 4p 2pr 2p
= 2p
Since T2 T1 = T3 T2, therefore the circumference
of the circles are A.P..
1 2
1 2
31 2
Areas:
pr2, p(r + 1)2, p(r + 2)2,
1 24
For circumferences,
a = 2pr, d = 2p
The total circumferences of the first 5 circles
5
= [2(2pr) + 4(2p)]
2
5
= (4pr + 8p)
2
5
= 4p(r + 2)
2
= 10p(r + 2) units
7. (a) 10, 13, 16, 19, are the radii of the sectors in
A.P..
a = 10, d = 3
(b) Let
Sn = 45p
n
[2a + (n 1)d] = 45p
2
n
[2pr + (n 1)p] = 45p
2
n
[2p(7) + (n 1)p] = 45p
2
n
(14 + n 1) = 45
2
n
(13 + n) = 45
2
13n + n2 = 90
2
n + 13n 90 = 0
(n + 18)(n 5) = 0
n = 5,
n = 18 is ignored since n . 0.
Let the radius of the nth sector = Tn.
Tn = 10 + (n 1)3
= 7 + 3n
Therefore, the radius of the nth sector is 7 + 3n.
(b) Given the area of the nth sector = 512p cm2
1
r2q = 512p
2
1
p
(7 + 3n)2 = 512p
2
4
1 2
8
(7 + 3n)2 = 512p
p
= 4096
7 + 3n = 64
3n = 57
n = 19
17
2 ar4
8
,
=
5
1 ar
1
3
r =
8
1
r =
2
1
Substitute r = into 1,
2
a
= 5
2
a = 10
a
S =
1r
10
=
1
1
2
= 20
Thus, t(9 + t) + 8t = 60
9t + t2 + 8t 60 = 0
t2 + 17t 60 = 0
(t 3)(t + 20) = 0
t = 3,
t = 20 is ignored since t > 0.
S3 = 45
3
(2a + 2d) = 45
2
3a + 3d = 45
a + d = 15..........................2
1 2, 28d = 84
84
d =
28
= 3
Let
Substitute d = 3 into 2,
a + 3 = 15
a = 12
Therefore, the length of the shortest part is
12 cm.
1 n
1
3
80 . 118
1
1
3
118
2
1 n
1 .
80
3
3
59
1 n
1 .
60
3
59
1 n
1 .
60
3
1
1 n
.
60
3
1
1 n
log10 . log10
60
3
log10 1 log10 60 . n(log10 1 log10 3)
0 log10 60 . n(log10 3)
. n log10 3
1 2
1 2
(b) p = S30
30
= [2(12) + 29(3)]
2
= 15(24 + 87)
= 1665
1 2
1 2
1 2
11. Given T2 = 5
ar = 5..................... 1
1 2
5
T5 =
8
5
ar4 = ................... 2
8
Sn . 118
n
1
r
a . 118
1r
18
1 2
log10 60
, n
log10 3
3.727
,n
1 2
1 2
1 2
1
a
(b) S =
1r
5
=
1
1
2
= 10
19