NEW B.

Ed COLLEGE NELLIMOODU
MATHEMATICS
DIGITAL TEXT BOOK

Name: ASWATHY C B
Option: MATHEMATICS
Candidate code: 18014376007

INDEX
Arithmetic Progression

1.1 Number Patterns

1.2 Arithmetic Sequences

1.3 terms & Common difference

1.4 nth term

1.5 Sum of natural numbers

1.6 Sum of terms

Solids

2.1 Pyramids

2.2 Surface area

2.3 Volume of square pyramid

10

2.4 Cones

11

2.5Volume of cone

12

ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION

Mathematics is the science of numbers. Our

mathematical initiation starts with the number
sequence 1, 2, 3, At various stages of our
mathematics education, we get acquainted with
various number sequences such as even numbers
2, 4, 6.., odd numbers 1, 3, 5, the perfect
squares 1, 4, 9.soon
Here we study 9 simple types of number
sequences

2
1.1

NUMBER PATTERNS

Patterns of numbers formed according to some

rule are called number sequences
Eg: 1) 2, 4, 6, 8, .
2) 5, 9, 13, 17
1.2

ARITHMETIC SEQUENCES

Sequences which starts with one number

& then repeatedly adding that number is called
arithmetic sequences.
Eg: 2, 7, 12, 17..

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1.3

TERMS & COMMON DIFFERENCE

The numbers are belonging to a sequence

are called terms of the sequence.
The number got by subtracting from a term,
the term just before it, is called the common
difference.
Eg: in the arithmetic progression
4, 7, 10, 13, 16
Terms: 4, 7, 10, 13, 16.
Common difference: 3

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1.4

nth term

To get the nth term of an arithmetic

progression, we must add to the first term (n-1)
times the common difference.
For an arithmetic progression
a, a+d, a+2d,
a- first term
d- Common difference.

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1.5

SUM OF NATURAL NUMBERS

For every natural number n
1+ 2+ 3+ .+n = n(n+1)
2
1+ 2+ 3+ ..+ 1000
= 1000x 1001
2
= 500x 1001
= 500500

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1.6

SUM OF TERMS

The sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic

progression with first term a and common
difference d is
n ( 2a + (n-1)d)
2
Eg: sum of first 20 terms of arithmetic
progression
11, 21, 31..
a= 11, d= 10
sum= 20/2 (2x11+ (20-1)x10)
=2120

SOLIDS
We have studied geometrical
properties of special type of solids called
prisms. But here are some solids in nature
which are not prisms and we do construct
many such solids for various purpose.

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2.1 PYRAMIDS

Geometric figures which has base any type of

polygon and lateral faces congruent isosceles
triangles is called a pyramid.
Eg: base with square & lateral faces congruent
isosceles triangles are called square pyramid.

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2.2 SURFACE

AREA

The surface area of a pyramid is the sum of

area of its base face and lateral faces.
Eg: find the surface area of square pyramid with
base 10cm & slant height 12cm?
Area of base= 10x10
= 100 sq. cm
Area of lateral face = x 10x 12
= 60sq.cm
Surface area of pyramid = 100+ 60x4
= 340 sq.cm

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2.3 VOLUME

OF SQUARE PYRAMID

The volume of a square pyramid with the length

of a side of the base b and height h is 1/3 b2 h.
Eg: the base edge of a square pyramid is10cm
and its height is 10 cm. what is its volume?

b=10
b = 100
2

h = 10
volume = 1/3 b2 h
= 1/3 x100x 10
= 1000
3

cm3

11
2.4

CONES

The pyramids which circular bases are called

cones.
The curved surface area of a cone of base radius r
and slant height l is

12
2.5

VOLUME OF A CONE

The volume of a cone of base radius r and height

h is
1/3 2 h
Eg: find the volume of a cone with base radius
5cm and height 12cm?
r=5, h= 12
Volume of cone = 1/3 2 h
= 1/3 x x5 x5x 12
= 100 cm3