Making Sense of Pump

Testing Standards:
How understanding standards
can impact the bottom line
Simon Bradshaw
Director, API Product
Development & Technology
ITT Goulds Pumps
October 22, 2013

Stan Knecht
Director, Product Marketing
ITT Goulds Pumps

Agenda
Overview of new testing standards used in the market today
Testing tolerances: Why theyre needed and how they work
Understanding how tolerances impact the product received and plant
operating performance
Which performance standards to specify, and how

Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line

Overview:ANSI/HI 14.6-2011
The ANSI/HI Standard 14.6-2011
is intended to be used for
centrifugal pump acceptance
testing at recognized pump test
facilities (i.e., a manufacturers
facility or test laboratory).
HI 14.6-2011 is available for
download at www.pumps.org.

Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line

Why Do We Need Tolerances?

There is no such thing as a perfect cast or machined part. Everything is
subject to some variation.
The combination of variations in the pump impeller, pump casing and
overall assembly yield a scatter in performance.
The test loop components and
instrumentation introduce further
variability and scatter.
The scatter can be reduced by
better manufacturing techniques
(i.e., investment cast impellers
instead of sand cast ones).
Better manufacturing and test
techniques typically cost more.
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Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line

Hydraulic Institute, API And ISO Pump

Performance Standards
HI 14.6-2011 American National Standard for Rotodynamic Pumps
for Hydraulic Performance Acceptance Tests* (supersedes HI 1.6
and 2.6)
API 610 11th edition
ISO 9906-2012 Rotodynamic pumps Hydraulic performance
acceptance tests*
The direction is toward one worldwide standard for pump acceptance
testing.
*In practice HI 14.6-2011 ~ ISO 9906-2012 with common acceptance criteria

Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line

Previous Testing Standards

HI Standard 1.6-2000 (for centrifugal pumps) had two acceptance levels:
Level A: (default level) At a rated head or rated flow (not both), it allowed for a
positive tolerance for head, flow and efficiency, but no negative tolerance.
Level B: At a rated head or rated flow (not both), it allowed for a positive and
negative tolerance for head, flow and efficiency.

HI Standard 2.6 (for vertical pumps) had an acceptance standard the same
sas Level A.
ISO 9906-1999 had two acceptance levels:
Grade 1 and Grade 2
Both had bilateral tolerances for rated head or rated flow and allowed a
negative tolerance on efficiency.

All the above standards are withdrawn and considered obsolete.

Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line

Other Pump Testing Standards You May Encounter

ASME PTC 8.2: Mainly used on
testing of larger pumps for power
station application
DIN 1944: Obsolete and replaced
by ISO 9906

ISO 2548: Withdrawn and replaced

by ISO 9906

ISO 3555: Withdrawn and replaced

by ISO 9906
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Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line

HI 14.6-2011 & ISO 9906-2012(E)

Test
Guarantee
Parameter Requirement

Grade

Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

tQ

10%

16%

18%

tH

6%

10%

14%

Acceptance Grade
Symbol

1B

1E

1U

2B

2U

3B

Rate of
Flow

Mandatory

tQ (%)

5%

5%

0% to +10%

8%

0% to +16%

9%

Total
Head

Mandatory

tH (%)

3%

3%

0% to +6%

5%

0% to +10%

7%

tP (%)

+4%

+4%

+10%

+8%

+16%

+9%

t (%)

-3%

-0%

-0%

-5%

-5%

-7%

Powera
Efficiencya

Optional
(either/or)

The power and efficiency tolerances are not the result of an exact calculation using
the maximum values of a related column. They are instead reflecting real life
experience. For grade 1E and 1U, no negative tolerance on efficiency is allowed.
Note: All tolerances are percentages of values guaranteed.
Unless agreed upon with the buyer, any other specified duty points are subject
to acceptance grade 3B.

Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line

HI 1.6-2000 level A to HI 14.6-2011 1U

Pump
rated Head

ft
(m)

< 200
(<60)

< 200
(<60)

200 to 500
(60 to 150)

>500
(>150)

Pump
rated Flow

gpm
(m3/h)

0 to 2999
(0 to 680)

>=3000
(>=681)

All

All

Total Head

tH (%)

0% to +8%

0% to +5%

0% to +5%

Rate of
Flow

tQ (%)

0% to +10%

Efficiency

t (%)

-0%

Test
Guarantee
Parameter Requirement

The old level A is converted to Grade

1U.
The acceptance bands currently dont
change with rated head or flow.

0% to +3%

You can now specify either a power or

efficiency tolerance not both.

Grade

Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

tQ

10%

16%

18%

tH

6%

10%

14%

Acceptance Grade
Symbol

1B

1E

1U

2B

2U

3B

Rate of
Flow

Mandatory

tQ (%)

5%

5%

0% to +10%

8%

0% to +16%

9%

Total
Head

Mandatory

tH (%)

3%

3%

0% to +6%

5%

0% to +10%

7%

tP (%)

+4%

+4%

+10%

+8%

+16%

+9%

t (%)

-3%

-0%

- 0%

-5%

-5%

-7%

Powera
Efficiencya

Optional
(either/or)

Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line

HI 1.6-2000 level B to HI 14.6-2011

Pump
rated Head

ft
(m)

< 200
(<60)

< 200
(<60)

Pump
rated Flow

gpm
(m3/h)

0 to 2999
(0 to 680)

>=3000
(>=681)

Total Head

tH (%)

Rate of
Flow

tQ (%)

-5% to +5%

Efficiency

t (%)

- 100/[(120/p)-0.2]%

There is no close equivalent of Level B

in the new standard.

0% to +3%

You need to pick the grade that best

meets your needs.

All

-3% to +5%

Test
Guarantee
Parameter Requirement

>500
(>150)

200 to 500
(60 to 150)

??

Grade

Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

tQ

10%

16%

18%

tH

6%

10%

14%

Acceptance Grade
Symbol

1B

1E

1U

2B

2U

3B

Rate of
Flow

Mandatory

tQ (%)

5%

5%

0% to +10%

8%

0% to +16%

9%

Total
Head

Mandatory

tH (%)

3%

3%

0% to +6%

5%

0% to +10%

7%

tP (%)

+4%

+4%

+10%

+8%

+16%

+9%

t (%)

-3%

-0%

- 0%

-5%

-5%

-7%

Powera
Efficiencya

Optional
(either/or)

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Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line

ISO 9906-1999 to HI 14.6-2011/ISO 9906-2012

Grade 1

The old Grade 1 is now Grade 1B, with

a rounding of the head tolerance.

Grade 2

Total Head

tH (%)

3%

Total Head

tH (%)

5%

Rate of
Flow

tQ (%)

4.5%

Rate of
Flow

tQ (%)

8%

Efficiency

t (%)

-3%

Efficiency

t (%)

-5%

The old Grade 2 is now Grade 2B.

You can now specify either a power
or efficiency tolerance not both.

Test
Guarantee
Parameter Requirement

Grade

Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

tQ

10%

16%

18%

tH

6%

10%

14%

Acceptance Grade
Symbol

1B

1E

1U

2B

2U

3B

Rate of
Flow

Mandatory

tQ (%)

5%

5%

0% to +10%

8%

0% to +16%

9%

Total
Head

Mandatory

tH (%)

3%

3%

0% to +6%

5%

0% to +10%

7%

tP (%)

+4%

+4%

+10%

+8%

+16%

+9%

t (%)

-3%

-0%

- 0%

-5%

-5%

-7%

Powera
Efficiencya

Optional
(either/or)

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Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line

API 610 8th-10th / 11th edition

API 610 8th, 9th, 10th Edition
Pump rated
Head

ft
(m)

< 500
(<150)

501 to 1000
(151 to 300)

> 1000
(> 300)

Total Head

tH (%)

-2% to +5%

-2% to +3%

-2% to +2%

Shutoff Head

tHS (%)

-10% to
+10%

Power

tP (%)

-8% to +8%

-5% to +5%

+4%

API 610 11th Edition

Pump rated
Head

ft
(m)

Total Head

tH (%)

Shutoff Head

tHS (%)

Power

tP (%)

<=250
(<=75)

>250 to 1000
(>75 to 300)

> 1000
(> 300)

-3% to +3%
-10% to
+10%

-8% to +8%
+4%

-5% to +5%

API 610 8th through 10th edition had

distinct tolerances.
API 610 11th edition is functionally
equivalent to HI 14.6-2011and ISO
9906-2012 Grade 1B, with an added
test point for shutoff head.
API 610 does not have a rated flow
tolerance, making it unsuitable for
testing high specific speed pumps.
API 610 does not have any guarantee
of efficiency (only power), making it
unsuitable for efficiency-critical
applications.

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Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line

HI 14.6-2011 Recommended Default Acceptance

Grade Based On Purchaser's Intended Service
Default acceptance grade based on purchaser's intended service
Rated shaft power of pump
Application
>100kW
>10 to 100kW
(134 hp)
(13 to 134 hp)
Municipal water
and wastewater
2B
1B
Building trades and
HVAC
2B
1B
Electric power
industry
1B
1B
API pumps
1B
1B
Oil and gas industry Pipeline
1B
1B
Water injection Not applicable
1B
Chemical industry
2B
2B
Cooling tower
2B
2B
Pulp and paper
2B
2B
Slurry
3B
3B
General industry
3B
2B
Dewatering,
drainage and
irrigation
3B
2B
Pumps not listed
above
3B
2B
Note: This table applies where a guarantee point has been agreed
upon, but no tolerance standard has been specified.

Both HI 14.6 and ISO 9906 set a

default test tolerance when it is not
defined by the purchaser.
The default tolerance may not be
sufficient for your process.
It is important that you actively review
what tolerance you require.

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Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line

ITT Default Performance Standards

Category

ANSI Process
Pump

Large
Process

ISO 5199
Process
Pump

Vertical
Turbine/
Can

Multistage

Double
Suction
Pump

Slurry
Pumps

API

Axial
Flow

Model

3196, 3796,
CV3196
LF3196
3996, 3298

3180/85,
3175

IC, ICP
ICM

VIT
VIC

3355,
3393

3410,
3409,
3420,
3498

XHD,5500,
SRL, JC,
VJC

3700,3910
3620,
3600,
7200

AF

ITT
Default
Std

1U
(1B future)
(HI 14.6)

1B
(HI 14.6)

2B

API 610
11th Ed/
1B/2B

1B
(HI 14.6)

1B
(HI 14.6)

2B
(HI 14.6)

API 610
11th Ed.

2B
(HI 14.6)

(ISO 9906)

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Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line

Make Sure You Understand What Is Being

Quoted To You By Your Supplier
If you have not specified any performance criteria, what
is the supplier standard ?
This should be identified either in the supplier proposal
or on the performance curve submitted with the bid.
This is a critical question to ask, whether you are
purchasing a performance test or not.
Note: It is common practice in the pump industry that all
pumps are not performance tested as standard. Many
pump manufacturers can rely on historical test data to
assure pump performance quality.
However, all industrial pumps are pressure tested as
standard to ensure safety and structural integrity.
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Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line

Typical Pump Proposal Datasheet

16

Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line

Curve Drawn To HI 14.6-2011 1U Tolerance Standard

Curve says 87% efficiency

if theres no negative efficiency tolerance.
Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line

17

Curve Drawn To HI 14.6-2011 1U Tolerance Standard

The HQ curve must pass
through at least one of the
red lines representing the
flow and head tolerance.
The power curve must
pass through the vertical
red line representing the
power tolerance.
OR

The efficiency curve must

pass through the vertical
red line representing the
efficiency tolerance.

18

Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line

Curve Drawn To ISO Grade 2B Tolerance Standard

Curve could say 90.5% efficiency

if theres a negative efficiency tolerance allowed by standard used.
Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line

19

Curve Drawn To ISO Grade 2B Tolerance Standard

The HQ curve must
pass through at least
one of the red lines
representing the flow
and head tolerance.
The power curve must
pass through the
vertical red line
representing the power
tolerance.
OR

The efficiency curve

must pass through the
vertical red line
representing the
efficiency tolerance.
20

Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line

Life Cycle Cost Impact Of Higher Power

www.realgouldsparts.com/calculators-apps

21

Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line

Other Pump Tests That May Be Specified

Type of Test

HI 14.6-2011

Hydrostatic
Test

P, A

NPSH Test

P, A

ISO 99062012(E)

HI 9.6.4-2009

ISO 9908, 5199,

9905

P, A

P, A

ISO 3740,
3744, 3746

P, A
P, A

P, A
P, A

Vibration Test
Sound Level
(Noise) Test
Mechanical
Run Test

API 610 11th

Edition

P
P, A

P, A
P

String Test

P = Test procedure is defined

A = Acceptance level is defined

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Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line

Key Takeaways
New pump performance standards
from both HI and ISO have been
aligned to make it easier to specify
reliable and predictable pump
performance on a global basis.
Its important to understand what
performance will be provided if no
pump performance is specifieddefault standards can apply.
Most performance standards allow for bi-lateral tolerance, which can impact life
cycle costs, as well as system performance.

23

Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line

Questions?

For more information, contact:

ITT Goulds Pumps
IP.communications@itt.com
A recording of this presentation will be
available on www.gouldspumps.com after
Friday, October 25th.

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Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line