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Chapter 4:
Manipulating Routing
Updates
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Chapter 4 Topics
Using Multiple IP Routing Protocols on a Network
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If a packet arrives on a router interface destined for 192.168.32.1, which route would
the router choose?
10.1.1.1
If a packet arrives on a router interface destined for 192.168.32.100, which route would
the router choose?
10.1.1.2
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Implementing Route
Redistribution
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Redistributing Routes
Redistribution is always performed outbound.
This means that the router doing redistribution does not change
its own routing table.
Only downstream routers receiving the redistributed routes could
add them to their respective routing tables.
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Seed Metrics
Because redistributed routes are learned from other sources a boundary
router must be capable of translating the metric of the received route
from the source routing protocol into the receiving routing protocol.
The seed or default metric is defined during redistribution configuration.
After the seed metric for a redistributed route is established, the metric
increments normally within the autonomous system. (Except OE2).
The seed metric can be configured using either of the following:
The default-metric router configuration command (for all redistributed routes).
The redistribute router configuration command using either the metric option or a
route map.
To help prevent suboptimal routing and routing loops, always set the
initial seed metric to a value that is larger than the largest metric within
the receiving autonomous system.
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Multipoint Redistribution:
One way
Two way
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This method only redistributes the networks learned from one routing
protocol into the other routing protocol.
R1 performs one-way redistribution because it only redistributes AS1
routes into the AS2 routing domain.
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Redistribution Problems
Problems that can occur during multipoint two-way
redistribution include the following:
Suboptimal routing. (Only part of the total cost is considered in routing
decisions.)
Self-sustained routing loops upon route loss.
If metric is lost, R1
might choose R2 to
reach R4
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Metric = 7 / AD = 120
Metric = 6
Metric = 4
Metric = 6
Metric = 3 ?
Redistribution Problems
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Controlling
Routing
Update Traffic
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This is the only route that matches the first 8 bits of 172.0.0.0 and has a prefix length
between 8 and 16.
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BGP
Route maps are the primary tools for implementing BGP policy.
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Description
match community
match interface
Matches any routes that have the next hop out of one of the
interfaces specified
match ip address
match ip next-hop
match ip route-source
match length
match metric
match route-type
match tag
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Description
set as-path
set automatic-tag
set community
set interface
set level
set local-preference
set metric
set metric-type
set tag
set weight
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Caveats of Redistribution
Redistribution of routing information adds to the complexity
of a network and increases the potential for routing
confusion, so you should use it only when necessary.
The key issues that arise when you are using redistribution
are as follows:
Routing loops
Incompatible routing information (suboptimal routing)
Inconsistent convergence time
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Summary
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Summary
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Additional resources
http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/enhancedinterior-gateway-routing-protocol-eigrp/8651-21.html
http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=2273507
http://network-101.blogspot.com/2011/09/changing-ad-inospf.html
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