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Chapter 2:
EIGRP Implementation
Cisco Public
Chapter 2 Topics
Establishing EIGRP Neighbor Relationships
Building the EIGRP Topology Table
Summary
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2007 2012, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Establishing
EIGRP
Neighbor
Relationships
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EIGRP Features
Fast convergence: Using Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL).
Partial updates: Partial triggered updates only to required routers.
Multiple network layer support: Using Protocol Dependent Modules
(PDM).
Use of multicast and unicast: EIGRP for IPv4 uses 224.0.0.10, and
EIGRP for IPv6 uses FF00::A.
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EIGRP Features
One of the key technologies used in EIGRP is RTP
(Reliable Transport Protocol).
RTP is the component of the EIGRP responsible for
guaranteed, ordered delivery of EIGRP packets to all
neighbors.
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The route with the best metric to the destination is called the
successor and is placed in the routing table and advertised to the
other neighbors.
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The backbone routers in SP network are hidden from the view of the
customer, and CE routers are unaware of the Layer 3 MPLS VPN.
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In the case of the multipoint MPLS L2 VPN solution, all routers belong
to the same shared L2 broadcast domain.
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The router will choose the one with the smallest composite
metric and consider it the best path to the given destination.
The selected value is called feasible distance (FD).
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Router D
EIGRP FD
(1)
AD Topology
10.1.1.0 /24
via B
via C
Successor
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
Router C
Router E
EIGRP FD
AD Topology
10.1.1.0 /24
via B
via D
via E
EIGRP FD
AD Topology
10.1.1.0 /24
Successor
via D
Feasible Successor
via C
Successor
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Router D
EIGRP FD
(1)
AD Topology
10.1.1.0 /24
via B
via C
Successor
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
Router C
Router E
EIGRP FD
AD Topology
10.1.1.0 /24
via B
via D
via E
EIGRP FD
AD Topology
10.1.1.0 /24
Successor
via D
Feasible Successor
via C
Successor
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Router D
EIGRP FD
10.1.1.0 /24
AD Topology
-1
via E
(1)
via C
(2)
Q
(2)
(Q) Query
5
(Q) Query
Q = Query
Q
(1)
(1)
Router C
Router E
EIGRP FD
AD Topology
10.1.1.0 /24
via B
via D
via E
EIGRP FD
AD Topology
10.1.1.0 /24
Successor
via D
Feasible Successor
via C
Successor
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Router D
EIGRP FD
10.1.1.0 /24
AD Topology
-1
via E
(1)
via C
(Q) Query
5
Q = Query
(2)
(2)
(1)
= Reply
(1)
Router C
EIGRP FD
10.1.1.0 /24
via B
AD Topology
***** Passive *****
1
via D
via E
Successor
Router E
EIGRP FD
10.1.1.0 /24
-1
via D
via C
AD Topology
(Q) Query
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Router D
EIGRP FD
(1)
AD Topology
10.1.1.0 /24
via C
Successor
via E
Successor
Q = Query
(2)
(2)
(1)
= Reply
R
(1)
Router C
Router E
EIGRP FD
10.1.1.0 /24
via B
via D
AD Topology
***** Passive *****
1
Successor
EIGRP FD
10.1.1.0 /24
via C
AD Topology
***** Passive *****
3
Successor
via D
via E
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EIGRP Metric
EIGRP uses a composite metric to determine the best path to the
destination.
The metrics value derives from a formula that can use the following
parameters:
Bandwidth: Least value of the bandwidth for all links between the local router and the
destination.
Delay: Cumulative delay obtained as sum of values of all delays for all links between
the source and destination.
Reliability: This value represents the worst reliability between source and destination
(based on keepalives).
Load: This value represents the worst load on the link between the source and the
destination (based on the packet rate and the configured bandwidth of the interface).
MTU It is only used as a tie-breaker, when the router needs to ignore some
equal-cost paths to the same destination, because of too many equal-cost
paths.
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EIGRP Metric
By default, EIGRP uses only bandwidth and delay to
calculate the metric.
The components used for the metric calculation are
determined by the metric weights, or K values.
Default K values are: K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0.
Use the show ip protocols command to verify K values.
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Chapter 2
S, FS, Non?
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Optimizing EIGRP
Behavior
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EIGRP Queries
When a router loses a route and does not have a feasible successor in its topology
table, it looks for an alternative path to the destination.
This is known as going active on a route. Marked as A in the EIGRP Topology
table.
The router sends query packets to all neighbors on interfaces other than the one that
is used to reach the previous successor (split-horizon behavior).
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HQ routing table?
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Stuck in Active
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Stuck in Active
Two new additional EIGRP packets were introduced to overcome the
described limitation.
When no reply to a query is received, EIGRP sends an SIA query
packet when the active timer is halfway through (after 90 seconds).
This enables the neighboring router to respond with a SIA reply and
confirm to the upstream router that it is still searching for a replacement
route.
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You configure EIGRP for IPv6 under a specific interface intended to send and
receive routing protocol messages.
EIGRP for IPv6 uses assigned dedicated multicast address FF02::A, whereas
EIGRP for IPv4 uses dedicated multicast address 224.0.0.10.
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HQ and BR1 have already been configured for EIGRP for IPv6, but BR2 has not been.
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Link-local?
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????
???
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Named EIGRP
Configuration
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Address Families
Classic or basic EIGRP uses the global configuration
command router eigrp as-number for IPv4 and ipv6 router
eigrp as-number for IPv6.
EIGRP named configuration mode uses the global
configuration command router eigrp virtual-instance-name.
Both EIGRP for IPv4 and IPv6 can be configured within this
same mode.
Named EIGRP configuration is organized in a hierarchical
manner, where configuration for specific route type is
grouped under the same address family.
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Chapter 2
Within the topology base is where general EIGRP settings are configured
that relate to the topology table. For example, you can define variance and maximumpaths
parameters
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Summary
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Summary
EIGRP is an advanced distance vector protocol.
EIGRP uses RTP for reliable, guaranteed delivery of packets.
Hello and hold timers can be adapted to influence network
convergence.
EIGRP adapts well to various technologies such as Frame Relay, Layer
3 MPLS VPN, and Layer 2 MPLS VPN.
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Summary
Feasible distance is the lowest distance to a destination from the perspective of the
local router.
Alternative path must satisfy the feasibility condition to become a feasible successor.
The reported distance of an alternate path must be less than the feasible distance.
When a route is lost and no feasible successor is available, queries are sent to all
neighboring routers on all interfaces.
EIGRP stub configuration improves network stability and reduces resource
utilization.
Summarization decreases the size of the IP routing table and optimizes exchange of
routing information.
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Summary
EIGRP for IPv6 uses IPv6 link-local addresses to form neighbor relationships.
EIGRP for IPv6 verification commands have similar syntax to EIGRP for IPv4 commands.
Classic EIGRP configuration is divided over different configuration modes.
Named EIGRP configuration gathers EIGRP configuration in one place.
Named EIGRP configuration unifies configuration commands for different address families.
Named EIGRP configuration is hierarchically organized using three address family configuration
modes.
The same verification commands for classic EIGRP are used to verify named EIGRP
configuration.
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